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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

reflexotherapy
Treatment of some morbid condition by producing a reflex action, as in the household treatment of nosebleed by a piece of ice applied to the cervical spine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflux
A backward or return flow. ... Origin: L. Fluxus = flow ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

reflux conjunctivitis
Synonym for lacrimal conjunctivitis ... An obsolete term for a secondary conjunctivitis due to canaliculitis or dacryocystitis. ... Synonym: reflux conjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflux disease, gastroesophageal
The stomach contents regurgitate and back up (reflux) into the oesophagus the food in the stomach is partially digested by stomach acid and enzymes. Normally, the partially digested acid content in the stomach is delivered by the stomach muscle down into the small intestine for further digestion. With oesophageal reflux, stomach acid content reflux …

reflux laryngitis
Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) caused by stomach acid backing up into the oesophagus. Reflux laryngitis can cause chronic hoarseness and be associated with other symptoms of inflammation of the oesophagus, such as heartburn. Many treatment options are available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

reflux nephropathy
<nephrology> A condition where the chronic backup of urine into a kidney results in kidney damage. Urine is forced out of the bladder and back toward kidney. This condition occurs most commonly in children who have congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. ... Symptoms include back pain, flank, pain, abdominal pain, urinary frequency or u …

reflux oesophagitis
<gastroenterology> A disorder where a backwash of gastric juices (acid) into the oesophagus lead to inflammation and pain. ... Symptoms include heartburn, indigestion, increased belching and upper abdominal pain. Complications include oesophageal stricture. ... Treatment includes antacids, H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. ... (27 Sep 1 …

reflux otitis media
Otitis media caused by passage of nasopharyngeal secretions through the eustachian tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reflux, oesophageal
A condition wherein stomach contents regurgitate or back up (reflux) into the oesophagus (a long cylindrical tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach). The food in the stomach is partially digested by stomach acid and enzymes. Normally, the partially digested acid content in the stomach is delivered by the stomach muscle into the sma …

reformat
In computed tomography, when data from a series of contiguous transverse scan images are recombined to produce images in a different plane, such as sagittal or coronal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

reformation
1. The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners; reformation of the age; reformation of abuses. 'Satire lashes vice into reformation.' (Dryden) ... 2. Specifically, the important religious movement commenc …

refract
1. To change the direction of a ray of light. ... 2. To detect an error of refraction and to correct it by means of lenses. ... Origin: L. Refringo, pp. -fractus, to break up ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refractable
Subject to refraction. ... Synonym: refrangible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refracted light
Bent rays of light changed in passage from one transparent medium to another of unequal density. ... See: refraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refractile
<cell biology> Adjective usually used in describing granules within cells that scatter (refract) light. Not to be confused with refractory. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

refracting angle of a prism
Synonym for apical angle ... The angle between two plane surfaces of a prism. ... Synonym: refracting angle of a prism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refraction
<physics> Bending of waves as they pass from a medium having one refractive index to a medium (or region within a medium) having a different refractive index. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

refraction, angle of
<microscopy> The acute angle between the normal to a refracting surface at the point of incidence, and the refracted ray. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

refraction, ocular
Refraction of light effected by the media of the eye. It also includes the determination of the refractive state and refractive correction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

refractionist
A person trained to measure the refraction of the eye and to determine the proper corrective lenses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refractive
Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. Refractive index. ... <medicine> The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other. ... Origin: Cf. F. Refractif. Se …

refractive accommodative esotropia
That type of esotropia eliminated by correction of hypermetropic refractive error. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refractive amblyopia
Synonym for anisometropic amblyopia ... A suppression of central vision due to an unequal refractive error (anisometropia) of at least two diopters. This induces a sufficient difference in image size (aniseikonia) that the two images cannot be fused. In order to avoid confusion, the blurrier image is suppressed. ... Synonym: refractive amblyopia. ... …

refractive errors
Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

refractive index
<microscopy> The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity in some medium. Refractive index generally increases with the atomic number of the constituent atoms. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

refractive keratoplasty
Any procedure in which the shape of the cornea is modified, with the intent of changing the refractive error of the eye; for example, if the cornea is flattened, the eye becomes less myopic. ... See: photorefractive keratectomy, keratophakia, lamellar keratoplasty, thermokeratoplasty, keratomileusis, radial keratotomy. ... Synonym: keratorefractive s …

refractive keratotomy
<procedure> Modification of corneal curvature by means of corneal incisions to minimise hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism.In this type of radial keratotomy surgery, performed by excimer laser, pie-shaped pieces of cornea are removed under local anaesthetic. The resulting scar tissue formation reshapes the cornea. This class of surgery is some …

refractivity
Refractive power. ... Synonym: refringency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refractometry
Measurement of the index of refraction (the ratio of the velocity of light or other radiation in the first of two media to its velocity in the second as it passes from one into the other). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

refractory
Not readily yielding to treatment. ... Origin: L. Refractorius ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

refractory anaemia
<haematology> A form of myelodysplasia which primarily affects the red cell production by the bone marrow. ... In some cases the developing red cells show an internal ring of iron granules. These cells are called sideroblasts. Refractory anaemia and refractory anaemia with sideroblasts are the most common forms of myelodysplasia. ... Origin: Gr …

refractory cast
A cast made of material that will withstand the high temperatures of metal casting or soldering without disintegrating. ... Synonym: investment cast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refractory flask
A metal tube in which a refractory mold is made for casting metal dental restorations or appliances. ... Synonym: casting flask, casting ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refractory lining
A lining, usually of ceramic, capable of resisting and maintaining high temperatures. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

refractory period
<neurology, physiology> most commonly used in reference to the interval (typically 1ms) after the passage of an action potential during which an axon is incapable of responding to another. This is caused by inactivation of the sodium channels after opening. The maximum frequency at which neurons can fire is thus limited to a few hundred Hertz …

refractory period, psychological
A delayed response interval occurring when two stimuli are presented in close succession. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

refractory rickets
Rickets that does not respond to treatment with usual doses of vitamin D and adequate dietary calcium and phosphorus. Most often due to inherited renal tubular disorder e.g., Fanconi syndrome. ... Renal rickets, a form of rickets occurring in children in association with and apparently caused by renal disease with hyperphosphatemia. ... Synonym: pseu …

refractory state
Subnormal excitability immediately following a response to previous excitation; the state is divided into absolute and relative phases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refrangible
Synonym: refractable. ... Origin: L. Refringo, to break in pieces ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refresh
1. To renew; to cause to recuperate. ... 2. To perform revivification. ... Origin: O. Fr. Re-frescher ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refrigeration
The act of cooling or reducing fever. ... Origin: L. Refrigeratio (see refrigerant) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refrigeration anaesthesia
Synonym for cryoanesthesia ... Localised application of cold as a means of producing regional anaesthesia. ... Synonym: refrigeration anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refrigerator
That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps cool. Specifically: ... A box or room for keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of ice. ... An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc. Refrigerator car, a freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh meats …

refringence
Synonym for refraction ... <physics> Bending of waves as they pass from a medium having one refractive index to a medium (or region within a medium) having a different refractive index. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

refringency
Synonym for refractivity ... Refractive power. ... Synonym: refringency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refringent
Synonym for refractive ... Serving or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. Refractive index. ... <medicine> The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray passing out of one of the media into the other. ... Or …

refsum disease
A chronic progressive peripheral neuropathy which is probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Some of the manifestations of this disorder are atypical retinitis pigmentosa, cerebellar ataxia, and increased cerebrospinal protein levels. Excessive phytanic acid storage has been found in most cases. Onset of symptoms usually occurs in earl …

Refsum, Sigvald
<person> Norwegian neurologist, *1907. ... See: Refsum's disease, Refsum's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refsum's disease
A genetic disorder of the fatty acid phytanic acid which accumulates and causes a number of progressive problems including polyneuritis (inflammation of numerous nerves), diminishing vision (due to retinitis pigmentosa), and wobbliness (ataxia) caused by damage to the cerebellar portion of the brain (cerebellar ataxia). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Refsum's syndrome
Synonym for refsum's disease ... A genetic disorder of the fatty acid phytanic acid which accumulates and causes a number of progressive problems including polyneuritis (inflammation of numerous nerves), diminishing vision (due to retinitis pigmentosa), and wobbliness (ataxia) caused by damage to the cerebellar portion of the brain (cerebellar ataxi …

refugees
Persons fleeing to a place of safety, especially those who flee to a foreign country or power to escape danger or persecution in their own country or habitual residence because of race, religion, or political belief. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

refusal to treat
Refusal of the health professional to initiate or continue treatment of a patient or group of patients. The refusal can be based on any reason. The concept is differentiated from patient refusal of treatment see treatment refusal which originates with the patient and not the health professional. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

refuse disposal
The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

refuse-derived fuel
(RDF) Fuel prepared from municipal solid waste. Noncombustible materials such as rocks, glass, and metals are removed, and the remaining combustible portion of the solid waste is choped or shreaded. RDF facilities process between 100 and 3000 tons of MSW per day. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

refusion
Return of the circulation of blood which has been temporarily cut off by ligature of a limb. ... Origin: L. Re-fundo, pp. -fusus, to pour back ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

refute
To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant. 'There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is impossible to refute such multitudes.' (Addison) ... Synonym: To c …

regainer
An appliance used in an attempt to regain space in the dental arches. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regard
1. A look; aspect directed to another; view; gaze. 'But her, with stern regard, he thus repelled.' (Milton) ... 2. Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest; observation; heed; notice. 'Full many a lady I have eyed with best regard.' (Shak) ... 3. That view of the mind which springs from perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything th …

Regaud
Claude, French radiologist, 1870-1940. ... See: Regaud's fixative, residual body of Regaud. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Regaud's fixative
A fixative containing formaldehyde and sodium dichromate, used to preserve mitochondria but not fat; requires afterchroming and extensive washing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regenerate
1. Reproduced. 'The earthly author of my blood, Whose youthful spirit, in me regenerate, Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up.' (Shak) ... 2. Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual state. ... Origin: L. Regeneratus, p. P. Of regenerare to regenerate; pref. Re- re- + generare to beget. See Generate. ... 1 …

regeneration
The natural renewal of a structure, as of a lost tissue or part. ... Origin: L. Generare = to produce, bring to life ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

regeneration harvest
A timber harvest method that removes selected trees in the existing stand to a density that allows for the establishment of a new even-aged stand below. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

regeneration with reserves
Similar to a regeneration harvest, except that a number of green trees are left standing to meet other resource needs such as wildlife habitat. The number of trees left is usually specified as a certain number of trees per acre. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

regenerative polyp
A hyperplastic polyp of the gastric mucosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regenerator
1. One who, or that which, regenerates. ... 2. <mechanics> A device used in connection with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc, in which the incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with masses of iron, brick, etc, which have been previously heated by the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas. ... Source: Websters Dic …

regent
1. One who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler. ... 2. Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign. ... 3. One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a superintendent; a curator; as, the regents of the Smithsonian Institution. ... 4. <engineering> A …

regerminate
To germinate again. 'Perennial plants regerminate several years successively.' (J. Lee) ... Origin: L. Regerminare. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

regime
1. Mode or system of rule or management; character of government, or of the prevailing social system. 'I dream . . . Of the new regime which is to come.' (H. Kingsley) ... 2. <physics> The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume of water passing different cross-sections in a given time, uniform regi …

regimen
1. Orderly government; system of order; adminisration. ... 2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation; especially. ... <medicine> A systematic course of diet, etc, pursed with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction …

regio
Synonym: region. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio analis
Synonym for anal triangle ... The posterior portion of the perineal region through which the anal canal opens; bounded by a line through both isehial tuberosities, the sacrotuberous ligaments and the coccyx. ... Synonym: regio analis, anal region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio antebrachialis anterior
Synonym for anterior region of forearm ... The area between the radial and ulnar borders of the forearm anteriorly. ... Synonym: facies antebrachialis anterior, regio antebrachialis anterior, anterior antebrachial region, anterior surface of forearm, facies anterior antebrachii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio antebrachialis posterior
Synonym for posterior region of forearm ... The area between the radial and ulnar borders of the forearm posteriorly. ... Synonym: regio antebrachialis posterior, facies antebrachialis posterior, posterior antebrachial region, posterior surface of forearm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio axillaris
Synonym for axillary region ... The region of the axilla, including the axillary fossa. ... Synonym: regio axillaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio brachialis anterior
Synonym for anterior region of arm ... Area between deltoid region superiorly and anterior region of elbow inferiorly. ... Synonym: facies brachialis anterior, regio brachialis anterior, anterior surface of arm, facies anterior brachii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio brachialis posterior
Synonym for posterior region of arm ... The back of arm. ... Synonym: facies brachialis posterior, regio brachialis posterior, posterior brachial region, posterior surface of arm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio buccalis
Synonym for buccal region ... The region of the cheek, corresponding approximately to the outlines of the underlying buccinator muscle. ... Synonym: regio buccalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio calcanea
Synonym for calcaneal region ... The region of the heel. ... Synonym: regio calcanea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio carpalis anterior
Synonym for anterior carpal region ... The anterior part of the wrist. ... Synonym: regio carpalis anterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio carpalis posterior
Synonym for posterior carpal region ... The posterior part of the wrist. ... Synonym: regio carpalis posterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio cervicalis anterior
Synonym for anterior triangle of neck ... The area of the neck bounded by the mandible, the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the anterior midline of the neck; it is subdivided into carotid, muscular, submandibular, and submental triangles. ... Synonym: anterior region of neck, regio cervicalis anterior, trigonum cervicale anteri …

regio cervicalis lateralis
Synonym for posterior triangle of neck ... The region of the neck bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the trapezius muscle, and the upper border of the clavicle, including the omoclavicular triangle. ... Synonym: lateral region of neck, regio cervicalis lateralis, trigonum cervicale posterius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio cervicalis posterior
Synonym for posterior region of neck ... The back of neck, including the suboccipital region. ... Synonym: regio nuchalis, nuchal region, posterior neck region, regio cervicalis posterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio cruralis anterior
Synonym for anterior region of leg ... The anterior surface of the inferior limb between the knee and the ankle. ... Synonym: facies cruralis anterior, regio cruralis anterior, anterior crural region, anterior surface of leg, facies anterior cruris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio cruralis posterior
Synonym for posterior region of leg ... The back of the leg. ... Synonym: regio cruralis posterior, posterior crural region, posterior surface of leg. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio cubitalis anterior
Synonym for anterior region of elbow ... The area in front of the elbow, including the cubital fossa. ... Synonym: facies cubitalis anterior, regio cubitalis anterior, anterior cubital region, anterior surface of elbow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio cubitalis posterior
Synonym for posterior region of elbow ... The back of the elbow. ... Synonym: facies cubitalis posterior, regio cubitalis posterior, posterior cubital region, posterior surface of elbow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio deltoidea
Synonym for deltoid region ... The lateral aspect of the shoulder demarcated by the outlines of the deltoid muscle. ... Synonym: regio deltoidea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio epigastrica
Synonym for epigastric region ... The region of the abdomen located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane. ... Synonym: epigastrium, regio epigastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio femoralis
Synonym for femoral region ... The region of the thigh between hip and knee. ... Synonym: regio femoralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio femoralis anterior
Synonym for anterior region of thigh ... The front of the thigh, including the femoral triangle. ... Synonym: facies femoralis anterior, anterior surface of thigh, regio femoralis anterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio femoralis posterior
Synonym for posterior region of thigh ... The back of the thigh. ... Synonym: facies femoralis posterior, posterior surface of thigh, regio femoralis posterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio frontalis capitis
Synonym for frontal region of head ... The surface region of the head corresponding to the outlines of the frontal bone. ... Synonym: regio frontalis capitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio genus anterior
Synonym for anterior knee region ... The anterior region of the knee. ... Synonym: regio genus anterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio genus posterior
Synonym for posterior knee region ... The posterior region of the knee, including the popliteal fossa. ... Synonym: regio genus posterior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio glutealis
Synonym for gluteal region ... The region of the buttocks. ... Synonym: regio glutealis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio hypochondriaca
Synonym for hypochondriac region ... <anatomy> The region on each side of the abdomen covered by the costal cartilages; it is lateral to the epigastric region. ... Synonym: regio hypochondriaca, hypochondrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

regio infraclavicularis
Synonym for infraclavicular fossa ... A triangular depression bounded by the clavicle and the adjacent borders of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. ... Synonym: fossa infraclavicularis, deltoideopectoral triangle, deltoideopectoral trigone, infraclavicular triangle, Mohrenheim's fossa, Mohrenheim's space, regio infraclavicularis, trigonum del …

regio inframammaria
Synonym for inframammary region ... The region of the chest inferior to the mammary gland. ... Synonym: regio inframammaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...