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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

gas constant
R (symbol for the constant) = 8.314 × 107 ergs per degree Celsius per mole = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1 (joules per kelvin mole). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas cyst
A cyst with gaseous instead of the ordinary liquid or pultaceous contents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas embolism
Synonym for air embolism ... <physiology> A serious condition that results when air (in the form of bubbles) invades the blood vessels causing disruption of normal blood flow. ... (06 Aug 1998) ...

gas engine
A piston engine that uses gaseous fuel rather than gasoline. Fuel and air are mixed before they enter cylinders; ignition occurs with a spark. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

gas gangrene
<microbiology> A severe form of gangrene (tissue necrosis) caused by Clostridium infection. Also referred to as necrotising subcutaneous infection. ... Results in death of the subcutaneous tissues and muscle layers. ... See: necrotising fascitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

gas gangrene antitoxin
Antitoxin specific for the toxin of one or more species of Clostridium that cause gaseous gangrene and associated toxaemia, especially C. Perfringens C. Novyi, C. Histolyticum, and commercially available preparations are usually polyvalent, i.e., contain antitoxin for two or more species. ... Synonym: pentavalent gas gangrene antitoxin. ... (05 Mar 2 …

gas peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum accompanied by an intraperitoneal accumulation of gas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas phlegmon
Synonym for gas gangrene ... <microbiology> A severe form of gangrene (tissue necrosis) caused by Clostridium infection. Also referred to as necrotising subcutaneous infection. ... Results in death of the subcutaneous tissues and muscle layers. ... See: necrotising fascitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

gas retinopexy
A retinal detachment repair in which the retina is held in place by an expandable gas. ... Synonym: pneumatic retinopexy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas scavengers
Apparatus for removing exhaled or leaked anaesthetic gases or other volatile agents, thus reducing the exposure of operating room personnel to such agents, as well as preventing the buildup of potentially explosive mixtures in operating rooms or laboratories. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gas shift process
A process in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen react in the presence of a catalyst to form methane and water. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

gas thermometer
A thermometer filled with dry air or a gas, the expansion or increased pressure of which indicates the degree of heat; used to measure high temperatures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas turbine
(combustion turbine) A turbine that converts the energy of hot compressed gases (produced by burning fuel in compressed air) into mechanical power. Often fired by natural gas or fuel oil. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

gas vacuole
A prokaryotic cellular organelle consisting of cylindrical vesicles around 75 x 300nm, often in clusters. The wall of the gas vacuole, which is permeable to gases but not to water, is formed from a monolayer of a single protein. Gas vacuoles are found mainly in planktonic cyanobacteria and their prime function is to make the bacterium buoyant. ... ( …

gas vesicle
The hollow, cylindrical, gas-filled structure in the gas vacuole. It confers ability for gas vacuole to float. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gas-liquid chromatography
<technique> A chemistry lab technique, a type of column chromatography, used to separate the components of a mixed substance. ... The substance is held stationary by an inert solid coated with an inert liquid which is not likely to evaporate (i.e. Is nonvolatile), while a gas (called an eluant) flows past it bringing out the components one at …

gas, intestinal
The complaint referred to as intestinal gas is a common one and the discomfort can be quite significant. Everyone has gas and eliminates it by burping or passing it through the rectum. In many instances people think they have too much gas when in reality they have normal amounts. most people produce 1 to 3 pints of intestinal gas in 24 hours and pa …

gaseous
Of the nature of gas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gaseous mediastinography
Radiography of the mediastinum after injection of air (artificial pneumomediastinum), an obsolete procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gaseous pulse
A soft, full, but feeble pulse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gases
The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. ... …

gasification
A chemical or heat process to convert a solid fuel to a gaseous form. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

gasifier
A device for converting solid fuel into gaseous fuel. In biomass systems, the process is referred to as pyrolitic distillation. See Pyrolysis. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Gaskell, Walter
<person> English physiologist, 1847-1914. ... See: Gaskell's bridge, Gaskell's clamp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaskell's bridge
Synonym for atrioventricular bundle ... The bundle of modified cardiac muscle fibres that begins at the atrioventricular node as the trunk of the atrioventricular bundle and passes through the right atrioventricular fibrous ring to the membranous part of the interventricular septum where the trunk divides into two branches, the right crus of the atr …

Gaskell's clamp
An instrument for crushing the atrioventricular bundle in experimental animals and thus producing heart block. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gasket
1. A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket. ... 2. <mechanics> The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. Any ring or washer of packing. ... Origin: Cf. F. Garcette, It. Gaschetta, Sp. Caje …

gasohol
<chemical> A fuel mixture of 10% ethyl alcohol and 90% gasoline which is supposed to be a cheaper, cleaner-burning alternative to pure gasoline. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gasoline
Volative flammable fossil fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gasometric
Relating to gasometry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gasometry
Measurement of gases; determination of the relative proportion of gases in a mixture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gasp
1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labour for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. 'She gasps and struggles hard for life.' (Lloyd) ... 2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire. 'Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain.' (Spenser) ... Origin: OE. Gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, …

gasping disease
Synonym for infectious avian bronchitis ... A specific infectious disease of young birds, caused by infectious bronchitis virus, a member of Coronaviridae, and associated with blocking of respiratory passages by exudate; it is highly transmissible, and often causes heavy losses of young chicks and heavy production losses among older laying birds. …

Gass, J. Donald
<person> U.S. Ophthalmologist, *1928. ... See: Irvine-Gass syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gasser, Johann
<person> Austrian anatomist, 1723-1765. ... See: gasserian ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gassing
Poisoning by irrespirable or otherwise noxious gases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gastaut, Henri
<person> French biologist, *1915. ... See: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gaster
Synonym: stomach. ... Origin: G. Gaster, belly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gasterophilidae
A family of botflies (or warble flies) that produce enteric myiasis in members of the horse family (genus Gasterophilus), in rhinoceroses (genus Gyrostigma), and in elephants (genera Cobboldia, Platycobboldia, and Rodhainomyia) ... Synonym: Gastrophilidae. ... Origin: G. Gaster, belly, stomach, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gasterophilus
A genus of botflies (horse botflies or warble flies) that cause enteric myiasis in domestic and wild horses and other equids. The bee-like adult attaches eggs to the hairs of the legs or body of the horse; infective eggs hatch when contacted by the lips of the horse, and the larvae attach to, penetrate, and are swallowed or burrow through the tissu …

gastradenitis
Inflammation of the glands of the stomach. ... Synonym: gastroadenitis. ... Origin: Gastr-+ G. Aden, gland, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastraea
<biology> A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the Gastraea theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula. ... O …

gastral mesoderm
Mesoderm in lower vertebrates formed by constriction from the roof of the archenteron or yolk sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastralgia
<symptom> Gastric colic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gastrea theory
Synonym for Haeckel's gastrea theory ... That the two-layered gastrula is the ancestral form of all multicellular animals. ... Synonym: gastrea theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastrectasia
Dilation of the stomach. ... Origin: Gastr-+ G. Ektasis, extension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastrectasis
Synonym for gastrectasia ... Dilation of the stomach. ... Origin: Gastr-+ G. Ektasis, extension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastrectomy
<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure where all or a portion of the stomach is removed. Indicated in some cases of intractable gastric ulcers. ... See: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

gastric
<anatomy> Of or relating to the stomach. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gastric acid
Hydrochloric acid present in gastric juice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric acidity determination
Gastric analysis for determination of free acid or total acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric algid malaria
See: algid malaria. ... Induced malaria, malaria acquired by artificial means, e.g., via blood transfusion, common syringes, or malariotherapy. ... Intermittent malaria, a malarial fever, usually of the tertian or quartan type, in which there is complete apyrexia, with absence of the other symptoms, in the intervals between the paroxysms. ... (05 Mar …

gastric analysis
Measurement of pH and acid output of stomach contents; basal acid output can be determined by collecting the overnight gastric secretion or by a 1-hr collection; maximal acid output is determined following injection of histamine; output is measured by titration with a strong base. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric area
One of a number of small polygonal area's, 1-6 mm in diameter, separated by linear depressions on the surface of the mucous membrane of the stomach; they contain the gastric pits, with several gastric glands opening into each pit. ... Synonym: area gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric arteries
Arteries supplying the stomach along the lesser curvature. ... See: left gastric artery, right gastric artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric atrophy
<gastroenterology> A condition in which the stomach muscles shrink and become weak. It results in a lack of digestive juices. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric balloon
An inflatable device implanted in the stomach as an adjunct to therapy of morbid obesity. Specific types include the silicone Garren-Edwards gastric bubble (gegb), approved by the FDA in 1985, and the ballobes balloon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric bypass
Surgical procedure in which the stomach is transected high on the body. The resulting proximal remnant is joined to a loop of the jejunum in an end-to-side anastomosis. This procedure is used frequently in the treatment of morbid obesity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric canal
Furrow formed temporarily between longitudinal rugae of the gastric mucosa along the lesser curvature during swallowing; observed radiographically and endoscopically, it is formed because of the firm attachment of the gastric mucosa to the muscular layer, which is devoid of an oblique layer at this site; said to form a passageway favoured by saliva …

gastric cancer
Cancer of the stomach, the major organ that holds food for digestion. Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs. Stomach ulcers do not appear to increase a person's risk of developing stomach cancer. Symptoms of stomach cancer are often vague, such as loss of appetite and weight. The cancer is …

gastric carcinoma
<radiology> 3rd most common GI malignancy (after colorectal and pancreas), 95% adenocarcinoma (rarely squamous cell or adenoacanthoma), predisposing factors: pernicious anaemia (2X risk), chronic atrophic gastritis, adenomatous and villous polyp (7-27% are malignant), gastrojejunostomy types: polypoid / fungating, ulcerating / penetrating (70 …

gastric cardia
Synonym for cardiac part of stomach ... The area of the stomach close to the oesophageal opening (cardiac orifice or cardia) which contains the cardiac glands. ... Synonym: pars cardiaca gastris, pars cardiaca ventriculi, cardia, gastric cardia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric colic
Colicky pain associated with gastritis or peptic ulcer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric crisis
An attack, usually lasting several days, with severe pain in the abdomen or around the waist, accompanied by nausea and vomiting and occasionally diarrhoea; occurs in tabetic neurosyphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric diastole
A phase of relaxation of stomach peristalsis seen fluoroscopically or with the gastroscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric digestion
That part of digestion, chiefly of the proteins, carried on in the stomach by the enzymes of the gastric juice. ... Synonym: peptic digestion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric emptying
<radiology> Solids linear (90-min half-time), liquids exponential (faster) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric feeding
Giving of nutriment directly into the stomach by means of a tube inserted via the nasopharynx and oesophagus or directly through the abdominal wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric filling defects
<radiology> Malignant tumours, carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma, metastases, benign, leiomyoma, lipoma, neurofibroma, polyp, hyperplastic, adenomatous, hamartomatous, others, bezoar, Nissen fundoplication, ectopic pancreas ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the stomach. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric folds
Synonym for rugae of stomach ... Characteristic folds of the gastric mucosa, especially evident when the stomach is contracted. ... Synonym: plicae gastricae, gastric folds, ruga gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric follicles
Synonym for gastric glands ... Branched tubular glands lying in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach; such glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid, zymogen cells that produce pepsin, and mucous cells. ... Synonym: glandulae gastricae, glandulae propriae, fundus glands, gastric follicles, Wasmann's glands. ... (05 Mar 2 …

gastric freezing
Formerly used treatment for peptic ulcer designed to reduce or eliminate the production of acid gastric juice by freezing the secretory cells with a supercooled fluid introduced into a balloon positioned in the stomach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric fundus
The superior portion of the body of the stomach above the level of the cardiac notch. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric glands
Branched tubular glands lying in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach; such glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid, zymogen cells that produce pepsin, and mucous cells. ... Synonym: glandulae gastricae, glandulae propriae, fundus glands, gastric follicles, Wasmann's glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric haemorrhage
Synonym for gastrorrhagia ... Haemorrhage from the stomach. ... Synonym: gastric haemorrhage. ... Origin: Gastro-+ G. Rhegnymi, to burst forth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric hypersecretion
Excessive formation of gastric juice, especially the acid component. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric impression
A hollow on the visceral surface of the left lobe of the liver corresponding to the location of the stomach. ... Synonym: impressio gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric indigestion
Synonym for dyspepsia ... <symptom> The impairment of the power of function of digestion, usually applied to epigastric discomfort following meals. ... Origin: Gr. Peptein = to digest ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gastric inhibitory polypeptide
<hormone> Peptide hormone (43 amino acids) that stimulates insulin release and inhibits the release of gastric acid and pepsin. ... Acronym: GIP ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gastric juice
The liquid secretion of the stomach mucosa consisting of hydrochloric acid (gastric acid), pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, gastrin, mucus, and the bicarbonate ion (bicarbonates). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric lavage
<procedure> A procedure used to empty the stomach of its contents. Performed using a flexible rubber tube that is passed through the mouth and advanced to the stomach. ... This procedure includes the instillation of a balanced salt solution into the stomach (via the tube) followed by suctioning the fluid out of the stomach. An effective proced …

gastric lymphatic follicles
Lymphoid tissue within the lamina propria which, especially in early life, collect in small masses similar to intestinal solitary lymphatic follicles. ... Synonym: folliculi lymphatici gastrici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric mucosa
Surface epithelium in the stomach that invaginates into the lamina propria, forming gastric pits. Tubular glands, characteristic of each region of the stomach (cardiac, gastric, and pyloric), empty into the gastric pits. The gastric mucosa is made up of several different kinds of cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric narrowing
<radiology> Neoplastic, carcinoma (linitis plastica), lymphoma, metastases, inflammatory, caustic, radiotherapy, granulomatous disease: Crohn disease, TB, sarcoidosis, eosinophilic enteritis see: gastric outlet obstruction ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric neurasthenia
A condition marked by vague epigastric atony and distention, and mild neurasthenic symptoms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric outlet obstruction
<paediatrics, surgery> A congenital disorder in which the pylorus is thickened causing obstruction of the gastric outlet (to the duodenum). ... More common in males, pyloric stenosis. Symptoms of projectile vomiting begin several weeks after birth. ... Incidence: approximately 1 in 4,000 live births. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

gastric pit
One of the numerous small pits in the mucous membrane of the stomach that are the mouths of the gastric glands. ... Synonym: foveola gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric polyps
<radiology> Hyperplastic (most common), adenoma, hamartoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Cowden syndrome, inflammatory, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, villous adenoma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric smear
Synonym for alimentary tract smear ... A group of cytologic specimens containing material from the mouth (oral smear), oesophagus and stomach (gastric smear), duodenum (paraduodenal smear), and colon, obtained by specialised lavage techniques; used principally for the diagnosis of cancer of those areas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric stapling
Partitioning of the stomach by rows of staples; used to treat morbid obesity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric stump
That portion of the stomach remaining after gastric surgery, usually gastrectomy or gastroenterostomy for cancer of the stomach or peptic ulcer. It is a common site of cancer referred to as stump cancer or carcinoma of the gastric stump. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric surface of spleen
The surface of the spleen in contact with the stomach. ... Synonym: facies gastrica splenis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric tetany
Tetany associated with a gastric disorder, especially with loss of HCl by vomiting. ... Synonym: tetania gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric ulcer
<gastroenterology> An ulcer in the mucosal lining of the stomach. Ulcer formation results from gastric inflammation that may be triggered by the use of alcohol, aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatories agents. ... Symptoms include recurrent abdominal pains (may be relieved by antacids), nausea, vomiting, weight loss and fatigue. Complicati …

gastric ulcers
<radiology> Criteria for benignity: projection beyond luminal contour, depth greater than width, smooth fading of gastric folds, lesser curvature (not reliable), concomitant duodenal ulcers, Hampden's line (1-mm lucent line), persistent pooling of barium in crater see also: Carman meniscus sign ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric varices
<radiology> Usually associated with oesophageal varices (due to portal hypertension), if WITHOUT oesophageal varices most likely to be consider splenic vein thrombosis due to: pancreatitis / panc carcinoma, increased clotting tendency (polycythemia, etc.) Differential diagnosis: thick gastric folds ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gastric veins
See: short gastric veins, right gastric vein, left gastric vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric vertigo
Vertigo symptomatic of disease of the stomach. ... Synonym: Trousseau's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gastric volvulus
<radiology> Mesenteroaxial, antrum lies above cardia (i.e., rotation around line connecting greater and lesser curvature), form seen in neonates, obstruction at pylorus or GE junction, usually acute, associated with eventration of left hemidiaphragm or diaphragmatic hernia, organoaxial, rare in kids, associated with large hiatus hernia, rotat …