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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Gabriel Fallopius
Synonym for Fallopius, Gabriel ... <person> Italian anatomist. ... Fallopius (Fallopio) of Modena, a loyal pupil of Vesalius and successor of the Chair at Padua (1551) discovered and described the ovaries, tubes (Fallopian), vagina, placenta, chorda tympani, and the fifth, sixth, and ninth cranial nerves. ... Although his name is attached to ma …

gad
1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead. ... 2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc. 'I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words.' (Shak) ... 3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad. ... 4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. ... 5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. 'Flemish …

Gaddum and Schild test
A sensitive method for identification of epinephrine in tissue or other material, based on the fluorescence of epinephrine exposed to ultraviolet light in the presence of alkali and oxygen; sensitivity ranges from 1:50 to 1:100 million. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaddum, John
<person> English biochemist, *1900. ... See: Gaddum and Schild test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gadfly
<entomology> Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies. ... The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larvae develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larvae or bots live and …

gadodiamide
GdDTPA-BMA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetatobis(methylamide)gadolinium (III);a nonionic structural analog of gadolinium DPTA; used as a paramagnetic contrast medium in magnetic resonance imaging. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gadoleic acid
An unsaturated fatty acid from cod liver oil and other sources. ... Synonym: 9-eicosenoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gadolinium dtpa
<chemical> A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent (diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (dtpa)) that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal mris. ... Pharmacological action: contrast media. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gadopentetate
(NMG)2[GdDTPA], dimeglumine diethylenetriaminepentaacetatogadolinate (III);the methylglucamine salt of dianionic gadolinium DPTA, an acyclic chelate; used as a paramagnetic contrast medium in magnetic resonance imaging. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gadoteridol
GdHP-DO3A;a gadolinium (III) chelate of 10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid; a nonionic macrocyclic analog of gadolinium DOTA; used as a paramagnetic contrast medium in magnetic resonance imaging. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaenslen, Frederick
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1877-1937. ... See: Gaenslen's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaenslen's sign
<clinical sign> Pain on hyperextension of the hip with pelvis fixed by flexion of opposite hip; causes a torsion stress at the sacroiliac and lumbosacral joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gaff
1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish. ... 2. The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended. ... 3. Same as Gaffle. ... Origin: OE. Gaffe, F. Gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. Gaf, gafa hook; perh. Akin to G. Gabel fork, Skr. Gabhasti. …

gaffer
1. An old fellow; an aged rustic. 'Go to each gaffer and each goody.' (Fawkes) ... Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life. ... 2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. ... Origin: Possibly contr. Fr. Godfather; but prob. Fr. Gramfer for grandf …

Gaffky scale
Synonym for Gaffky table ... A numerical rating for the classification of tuberculosis according to the number of tubercle bacilli in the sputum, ranging from 1 (one to four organisms in the whole preparation) to 9 (an average of 100 per field). ... Synonym: Gaffky scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaffky table
A numerical rating for the classification of tuberculosis according to the number of tubercle bacilli in the sputum, ranging from 1 (one to four organisms in the whole preparation) to 9 (an average of 100 per field). ... Synonym: Gaffky scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaffky, Georg
<person> German hygienist, 1850-1918. ... See: Gaffky scale, Gaffky table. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gag
1. To retch; to cause to retch or heave. ... 2. To prevent from talking. ... 3. An instrument adjusted between the teeth to keep the mouth from closing during operations in the mouth or throat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gag protein
<molecular biology> The protein of the nucleocapsid shell around the RNA of a retrovirus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gag reflex
Contact of a foreign body with the mucous membrane of the fauces causes retching or gagging. ... Synonym: faucial reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gage
Synonym for gauge ... 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. 'This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by.' (Moxon) 'There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds.' (I. Taylor) ... 2. Measure; dimensions; estimate. 'The gauge and dimensions of …

gagging
Contraction of the constrictor muscle of the pharynx elicited by stimulation of sensory receptors on the soft palate, by psychic stimuli, or systemically by drugs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gain
<physics> (Amplification) Increase in a signal transmitted from one point to another through an amplifier. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Gairdner, Sir William
<person> Scottish physician, 1824-1907. ... See: Gairdner's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gairdner's disease
<disease> Attacks of cardiac distress accompanied by apprehension. ... Synonym: angina pectoris sine dolore, angor pectoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaisbock, Felix
<person> German physician, 1868-1955. ... See: Gaisbock's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gaisbock's syndrome
Synonym for polycythemia hypertonica ... Polycythemia associated with hypertension, but without splenomegaly. ... Synonym: Gaisbock's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gait
<neurology> Pattern of walking. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

gait apraxia
Apraxia for walking, accompanied by inability to make walking movements with the legs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GAK, cyclin G-associated kinase
<chemical> Has a ser/thr protein kinase-like catalytic domain at the n-terminal; contains a tensin/auxilin-like domain; genbank d38560 ... Synonym: gak protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Gal
Symbol for galactose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GAL virus
A virus with characteristics of adenovirus, not known to be associated with natural disease. ... Synonym: gallus adeno-like virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gal-d
Gallons per day. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

galactacrasia
Abnormal composition of mother's milk. ... Origin: Galact-+ G. Akrasia, bad mixture, fr. A-priv. + krasis, a mixing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactagogue
<pharmacology> An agent that promotes the secretion and flow of milk. ... Origin: Galact-+ G. Agogos, to lead, leading ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

galactagogue factor
<endocrinology> A factor in extracts of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis that, by stimulating the smooth muscle of the lobulo-alveolar system of the mammary gland, causes a flow of milk from the nipple. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactan
<biochemistry> A polysaccharide composed of repeating galactose units as a polymer. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

galactic
1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid. ... 2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. ... <astronomy> Galactic circle, the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle. ... Origin: Gr. Milky, fr, milk. See Galaxy, and cf. Lactic. …

galactidrosis
Sweating of a milky fluid. ... Origin: Galact-+ G. Hidros, sweat, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactin
1. <chemistry> An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. ... 2. <plant biology> A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). ... An amorphous, gummy carbohy …

galactitol
<plant biology> A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose. ... It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in galactosaemia, a deficiency of galactokinase. ... Chemical name: Galactitol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactitol 2-dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Isolated from rhodobacter sphaeroides ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.16 ... Synonym: gdh enzyme, galactitol dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galacto-
Milk. ... Compare: lact-. ... Origin: G. Gala ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactoblast
Synonym: colostrum corpuscle. ... Origin: Galacto-+ blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactobolic
An obsolete term for causing the release or ejection of milk from the breast. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. Bole throwing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactocele
<obstetrics> A clogged milk duct, often associated with childbirth. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

galactocerebroside
<cell biology> Surface antigen characteristic of newly differentiated oligodendrocytes. GalC antibody is used to identify this glial cell type in cultures of rat optic nerve and brain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

galactogen
A polysaccharide containing galactose in various forms. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactokinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the formation of galactose 1-phosphate and ADP from ATP and d-galactose. Galactosamine can also act as the acceptor. A deficiency of this enzyme results in galactosaemia. ... Chemical name: ATP:D-galactose 1-phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.6 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactokinase deficiency
An inborn error of metabolism due to congenital deficiency of galactokinase, resulting in increased blood galactose concentration (galactosaemia), cataracts, hepatomegaly, and mental deficiency; autosomal recessive inheritance. Galactose epimerase deficiency and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency produce much the same clinical pict …

galactometer
A form of hydrometer for determining the specific gravity of milk as an indication of its fat content. ... Synonym: lactometer. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactonate dehydratase
<enzyme> In mutant of klebsiella pneumoniae also functions in catabolism of d-fuconate ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.6 ... Synonym: galactonate dehydrase, d-galactonate dehydratase, d-galactonate-d-fuconate dehydratase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galactonolactone dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Catalyses terminal step in l-ascorbic acid biosynthesis ... Registry number: EC 1.3.2.3 ... Synonym: l-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase, gldhase, l-galactono-gamma-lactone - ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galactophagia
A behavioural anomaly in which animals suck other than their own natural or foster mother. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactophagous
Subsisting on milk. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactophore
Synonym: lactiferous ducts. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. Phoros, bearing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactophoritis
Inflammation of the milk ducts. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. Phoros, carrying, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactophorous canals
Synonym for lactiferous ducts ... The ducts, numbering 15 or 20, which drain the lobes of the mammary gland; they open at the nipple. ... Synonym: ductus lactiferi, canalicular ducts, galactophore, galactophorous canals, galactophorous ducts, mamillary ducts, mammary ducts, milk ducts, tubuli galactophori, tubuli lactiferi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactophorous ducts
Synonym for lactiferous ducts ... The ducts, numbering 15 or 20, which drain the lobes of the mammary gland; they open at the nipple. ... Synonym: ductus lactiferi, canalicular ducts, galactophore, galactophorous canals, galactophorous ducts, mamillary ducts, mammary ducts, milk ducts, tubuli galactophori, tubuli lactiferi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactopoiesis
Milk production. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. Poiesis, forming ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactopoietic factor
Synonym for prolactin ... <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

galactopoietic hormone
Synonym for prolactin ... <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

galactopyranose
Galactose in pyranose form. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactorrhoea
<endocrinology> The excessive or spontaneous flow of milk, persistent secretion of milk irrespective of nursing. ... Origin: Gr. Rhoia = flow ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

galactosaemia
<biochemistry> A rare genetic (autosomal recessive) disorder characterised by the inability a defect in the enzyme (galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase) that converts galactose 1 phosphate into glucose 1 phosphate is absent. ... Excess galactose 1 phosphate accumulates in the blood and a variety of problems result. ... Inheritance: autosom …

galactosamine
<chemical> Chemical name: D-Galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactosaminidase
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactosaminoglycan
See: mucopolysaccharide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactosans
galactans ...

galactoscope
<instrument> An instrument for judging of the richness and purity of milk by the translucency of a thin layer. ... Synonym: lactoscope. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. Skopeo, to examine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactose
<biochemistry> Hexose identical to glucose except that orientation of H and OH on carbon 4 are exchanged. ... A component of cerebrosides and gangliosides, glycoproteins. Lactose, the disaccharide of milk, consists of galactose joined to glucose by a _(1-4) glycosidic link. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses transfer of sulfate from adenosine 3'-phosphosulfate to methyl galactosides or terminal n-acetyllactosamine-containing carbohydrate chains ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galactose binding protein
<protein> A bacterial periplasmic protein, most studied in E. Coli, that acts both as a sensory element in the detection of galactose as a chemotactic signal and in the uptake of the sugar. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

galactose cataract
A neonatal cataract associated with intralenticular accumulation of galactose alcohol. ... See: galactosaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactose dehydrogenases
<enzyme> D-galactose:NAD(p)+ 1-oxidoreductases. Catalyses the oxidation of d-galactose in the presence of NAD+ or NADP+ to d-galactono-gamma-lactone and NADH or NADPH. ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactose diabetes
Synonym for galactosaemia ... <biochemistry> A rare genetic (autosomal recessive) disorder characterised by the inability a defect in the enzyme (galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase) that converts galactose 1 phosphate into glucose 1 phosphate is absent. ... Excess galactose 1 phosphate accumulates in the blood and a variety of problems re …

galactose oxidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that oxidises galactose in the presence of molecular oxygen to d-galacto-hexodialdose. It is a copper protein. ... Chemical name: D-Galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.9 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactose permease
<chemical> ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galactose tolerance test
A liver function test, based on the ability of the liver to convert galactose to glycogen, measured by the rate of excretion of galactose following ingestion or intravenous injection of a known amount; normally, less than 3 g appear in the urine within 5 hours after the ingestion of 40 g. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactose-1-phosphatase
<enzyme> From rat brain; requires mg for activity; phosphate is potent inhibitor ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galactose-1-phosphate
A phosphorylated derivative of galactose that is key in galactose metabolism; accumulates in certain types of galactosaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Possibly a ketoaldose, phosphorylated at primary alcoholic group; found in goat liver cytoplasm, requires nad, has high substrate specificity ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galactose-6-phosphate isomerase
<enzyme> Converts galactose 6-phosphate to tagatose 6-phosphate ... Registry number: EC 5.3.1.- ... Synonym: galactose 6-phosphate isomerase, gal-6-p isomerase, tagatose-6-phosphate isomerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

galactose-6-sulfatase
<enzyme> An enzyme that eliminates sulfur from the galactose-6-sulfate residues of certain mucopolysaccharides, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues; it is absent in Morquio's syndrome type A. ... Synonym: galactose-6-sulfurase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactose-6-sulfurase
Synonym for galactose-6-sulfatase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that eliminates sulfur from the galactose-6-sulfate residues of certain mucopolysaccharides, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues; it is absent in Morquio's syndrome type A. ... Synonym: galactose-6-sulfurase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactosemia
Synonym for galactosaemia ... <biochemistry> A rare genetic (autosomal recessive) disorder characterised by the inability a defect in the enzyme (galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase) that converts galactose 1 phosphate into glucose 1 phosphate is absent. ... Excess galactose 1 phosphate accumulates in the blood and a variety of problems re …

galactosephosphates
Phosphoric acid esters of galactose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactosidase
<enzyme> One of a class of enzymes which cuts the glycosidic bond between the sugar galactose and another sugar molecule (of a different type than galactose). ... There are two subclasses - the alpha galactosidases and beta galactosidases - which cuts the two types of glycosidic bonds (alpha and beta, respectively). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

galactosidases
<enzyme> A family of galactoside hydrolases that hydrolyze compounds with an o-galactosyl linkage. ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactoside
A compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by an organic radical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactoside 2-fucosyltransferase
<enzyme> Synthesise blood group h; secretor (se) fucosyltransferase is the human counterpart of h fucosyltransferase; fut1 isolated from red cells and vascular endothelium ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.69 ... Synonym: blood group h fucosyltransferase, alpha(1-2)fucosyltransferase, galactoside 2-alpha-l-fucosyltransferase, GDP-l-fucose-beta-d-ga …

galactoside 3-fucosyltransferase
<enzyme> Fut4 is myeloid form, isolated from white cells and brain; fut6 isolated from plasma, renal proximal tubules and hepatocytes; hpfuct isolated from helicobacter pylori ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.152 ... Synonym: GDP-beta-n-acetylglucosaminide alpha-3-l-fucosyltransferase, gnac-3-fucosyltransferase, 3-fucosyltransferase, alpha-3-fucos …

galactosides
Glycosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of galactose with an alcohol to form an acetal. They include both alpha- and beta-galactosides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactosis
Formation of milk by the lacteal glands. ... Origin: Galacto-+ G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactosuria
The excretion of galactose in the urine. ... Origin: Galactose + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactosyl
A compound in which the -OH attached to carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by an organic radical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactosyl transferase
<enzyme> Enzyme catalysing the transfer of galactose units from the sugar nucleotide, uridine diphospho galactose UDP galactose) to an acceptor, commonly N acetyl glucosamine in a glycan chain, forming a glycosidic bond involving C1 of galactose. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

galactosylceramidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes galactose from ceramide monohexosides. ... Chemical name: D-Galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine galactohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.46 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

galactosylceramide
A sphingolipid that accumulates in individuals with Krabbe's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

galactosylceramide lipoidosis
Synonym for globoid cell leukodystrophy ... <radiology> Dysmyelinating disease, autosomal recessive, usually presents by 1 yr, specific enzyme deficiency identified, rapid spontaneous nystagmus, poikilothermia ... Synonym: Krabbe leukodystrophy ... (12 Dec 1998) ...