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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

free wave
<radiobiology> A wave (for example, electromagnetic) traveling in a homogeneous infinite medium (no boundary conditions). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

free-central
A placentation in which the ovules are borne on a free-standing central placenta within the ovary. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

free-floating anxiety
In psychoanalysis, a pervasive unrealistic expectation unattached to a clearly formulated concept or object of fear; observed particularly in anxiety neurosis and may be seen in some cases of latent schizophrenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

free-hand knife
A manually operated knife or blade usually used to take split-thickness skin grafts; e.g., Blair-Brown knife, Humby knife, Theirsh knife. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

freedle index
An index of the quality of spawning gravel obtained by dividing geometric mean diameter of particle size by the sorting coefficient. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

freedom
The rights of individuals to act and make decisions without external constraints. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

freely
In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously. 'Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely eat.' (Gen. Ii. 16) 'Freely ye have received, freely give.' (Matt. X. 8) 'Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.' (Milton) 'Freely we serve Because we freely love.' (Milton) ... Synonym: Independently, voluntarily, spo …

freeman
Origin: AS. Freoman; freofree + mann man. ... 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal. ... 2. A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to vote at elections. See Liveryman. 'Both having been made freeme …

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome
Synonym for craniocarpotarsal dystrophy ... Congenital association of skeletal defects (ulnar deviation of hands with camptodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and frontal bone defects) and characteristic facies (protrusion of lips as in whistling, sunken eyes with hypertelorism, and small nose); autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: craniocarpotars …

Freeman, E
<person> ... See: Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

freemartin
<veterinary, zoology> A condition occurring in dizygotic twins of different sexes in cattle, where an imperfect masculinised sterile female twin calf is born with a male. ... This results from twin foetuses of opposite sexes in which the chorionic blood vessels become fused at an early stage of embryonic development, with the result that the h …

freemartinism
Synonym for freemartin ... <veterinary, zoology> A condition occurring in dizygotic twins of different sexes in cattle, where an imperfect masculinised sterile female twin calf is born with a male. ... This results from twin foetuses of opposite sexes in which the chorionic blood vessels become fused at an early stage of embryonic development, …

freeway space
The space between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when the mandible is in physiologic resting position. ... Synonym: interocclusal clearance, interocclusal distance, interocclusal gap, interocclusal rest space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

freeze
1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body. ... Water freezes at 32 deg above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury freezes at 40 deg below zero. ... 2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lac …

freeze cleavage
Synonym for freeze fracture ... Method of specimen preparation for the electron microscope in which rapidly frozen tissue is cracked so as to produce a fracture plane through the specimen. The surface of the fracture plane is then shadowed by heavy metal vapour, strengthened by a carbon film and the underlying specimen is digested away, leaving a re …

freeze etch
<microscopy, technique> A method of preparing a cell for study by freezing it, cracking it open to reveal the organelles, freeze drying it, then examining it under the electron microscope. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

freeze etching
If a freeze fractured specimen is left for any length of time before shadowing, then water will sublime off from the specimen etching (lowering) those surfaces that are not protected by a lipid bilayer. Some etching will take place following any freeze cleavage process, in deep etching the ice surface is substantially lowered to reveal considerable …

freeze fracture
Method of specimen preparation for the electron microscope in which rapidly frozen tissue is cracked so as to produce a fracture plane through the specimen. The surface of the fracture plane is then shadowed by heavy metal vapour, strengthened by a carbon film and the underlying specimen is digested away, leaving a replica that can be picked up on …

freeze fracturing
Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

freeze substitution
A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

freeze-drying
<technique> Method commonly adopted to produce a dry and stable form of biological material that has not been seriously denatured. ... By freezing the specimen, often with liquid nitrogen and then subliming water from the specimen under vacuum, proteins are left in reasonably native form and can usually be rehydrated to an active state. Since …

freezing
Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner. Freezing machine. See Ice machine, under Ice. Freezing mixture, a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense cold. Freezing point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to freeze; applied particularly to water, whose freezing point is at 32 …

freezing point
<physics> The temperature at which a liquid solidifies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frei test
<investigation> A clinical test where dead disease-causing microbes are injected into the skin to see if this causes a skin reaction. It indicates whether the patient is infected with the the injected microbe and is not used commonly. ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

Frei-Hoffmann reaction
Synonym for Frei test ... <investigation> A clinical test where dead disease-causing microbes are injected into the skin to see if this causes a skin reaction. It indicates whether the patient is infected with the the injected microbe and is not used commonly. ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

Frei, Wilhelm
<person> German dermatologist, 1885-1943. ... See: Frei test, Frei-Hoffmann reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Freiberg infraction
<orthopaedics, radiology> Osteochondrosis of the metatarsal head, usually the 2nd, and less commonly in the 1st and 3rd, originally thought to be a form of aseptic necrosis, now thought to be an infarction or a stress fracture. ... It tends to occur in late adolescence, and the articular end becomes flattened (sometimes concave and irregular), …

Freiberg, Albert Henry
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1869-1940. ... See: Freiberg's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Freiberg's disease
<orthopaedics, radiology> Epiphysial ischemic (aseptic) necrosis of second metatarsal head. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

freieslebenite
<alchemy, historical> A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals. ... Origin: Named after the German chemist Freiesleben. ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

Frejka pillow splint
A pillow splint used for abduction and flexion of the femurs in treatment of congenital hip dysplasia or dislocation in infants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frejka, B
<person> 20th century Czech orthopedist. ... See: Frejka pillow splint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fremissement cattaire
Synonym for purr ... A low vibratory murmur. ... Synonym: fremissement cattaire. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fremitus
<clinical sign> A tremor vibration in any part of the body that is detectable by palpation. ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

frena
Plural of frenum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenal
Relating to any frenum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

French chalk
Synonym for talc ... <chemical> A soft mineral of a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish colour, usually occurring in foliated masses. It is hydrous silicate of magnesia. Steatite, or soapstone, is a compact granular variety. Indurated talc, an impure, slaty talc, with a nearly compact texture, and greater hardness than common talc.< …

French flag problem
The French flag (tricolour) is used to illustrate a problem in the determination of pattern in a tissue, that of specifying three sharp bands of cells with discrete properties that do not have blurred edges using, for example: a gradient of a diffusible morphogen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

French flap
Synonym for sliding flap ... A rectangular flap raised in an elastic area, with its free end adjacent to a defect; the defect is covered by stretching the flap longitudinally until the end comes over it. ... Synonym: advancement flap, French flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

French polio
Colloquialism for Guillain-Barre syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

french pressure cell
A device used to cause cells to burst (or lyse) with hydrostatic pressure. The cells are suddenly forced into low pressure after being in high pressure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

French proof agar
Synonym for Sabouraud's agar ... A culture medium for fungi containing neopeptone or polypeptone agar and glucose, with final pH 5.6; it is the standard, most universally used medium in mycology and is the international reference. Modified Sabouraud's agar (Emmons modification) with less glucose is better for pigment development in the colonies. ... …

French scale
A scale for grading sizes of sounds, tubules, and catheters as based on a measurement of 1/3 mm and equaling 1 fr on the scale (e.g., 3 fr = 1 mm); grading to scale is carried out using a metal plate with holes ranging from 1/3 mm to 1 cm in diameter. ... Synonym: Charriere scale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenectomy
<procedure> Removal of any frenum. ... Origin: frenum + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frenkel, Heinrich
<person> Swiss neurologist, 1860-1931. ... See: Frenkel's symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frenkel, Henri
<person> French ophthalmologist, 1864-1934. ... See: Frenkel's anterior ocular traumatic syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frenkel's symptom
Lowered muscular tonus in tabetic neurosyphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenoplasty
Correction of an abnormally attached frenum by surgically repositioning it. ... Origin: frenum + G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenotomy
<procedure> Division of any frenum or frenulum, especially that of the tongue. ... Origin: frenum + G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum
<anatomy> A band of tissue which attaches the bottom of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

frenulum cerebelli
Synonym for frenulum of superior medullary velum ... A band passing from the longitudinal groove between the quadrigeminal bodies on to the superior medullary velum. ... Synonym: frenulum veli medullaris superioris, cerebellar frenulum, frenulum cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum clitoridis
Synonym for frenulum of clitoris ... The line of union of the inner-laminae portions of the labia minora on the undersurface of the glans clitoridis. ... Synonym: frenulum clitoridis, frenulum preputii clitoridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum epiglottidis
Synonym for median glossoepiglottic fold ... <anatomy> A fold of mucous membrane in the midline that extends from the back of the tongue to the epiglottis, forming the medial boundary of the epiglottic valleculae. ... Synonym: plica glossoepiglottica mediana, frenulum epiglottidis, middle glossoepiglottic fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum labii inferioris
frenulum of lower lip ...

frenulum labiorum minorum
Synonym for frenulum of the labia minora ... The fold connecting the two labia minora posteriorly. ... Synonym: frenulum labiorum pudendi, fourchette, frenulum labiorum minorum, frenulum of pudendal lips, frenulum pudendi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum labiorum pudendi
Synonym for frenulum of the labia minora ... The fold connecting the two labia minora posteriorly. ... Synonym: frenulum labiorum pudendi, fourchette, frenulum labiorum minorum, frenulum of pudendal lips, frenulum pudendi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum linguae
Synonym for lingual frenulum ... A fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the undersurface of the tongue. ... Synonym: frenulum linguae, frenulum of tongue, vinculum linguae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of clitoris
The line of union of the inner-laminae portions of the labia minora on the undersurface of the glans clitoridis. ... Synonym: frenulum clitoridis, frenulum preputii clitoridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of Giacomini
Synonym for uncus band of Giacomini ... A slender whitish band, the attenuated anterior continuation of the dentate gyrus (fascia dentata), crossing transversally the surface of the recurved part of the uncus gyri parahippocampalis. ... Synonym: band of Giacomini, cauda fasciae dentatae, frenulum of Giacomini, tail of dentate gyrus. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

frenulum of ileocaecal valve
A fold, more evident in cadavers, running from the junction of the two commissures of the ileocaecal valve on either side along the inner wall of the caecocolic junction. ... Synonym: frenulum valvae ileocaecalis, frenulum of Morgagni, Morgagni's frenum, Morgagni's retinaculum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of M'Dowel
Tendinous fasciculi passing from the tendon of the pectoralis major muscle across the bicipital groove. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of Morgagni
Synonym for frenulum of ileocaecal valve ... A fold, more evident in cadavers, running from the junction of the two commissures of the ileocaecal valve on either side along the inner wall of the caecocolic junction. ... Synonym: frenulum valvae ileocaecalis, frenulum of Morgagni, Morgagni's frenum, Morgagni's retinaculum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of prepuce
A fold of mucous membrane passing from the undersurface of the glans penis to the deep surface of the prepuce. ... Synonym: frenulum preputii, vinculum preputii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of pudendal lips
Synonym for frenulum of the labia minora ... The fold connecting the two labia minora posteriorly. ... Synonym: frenulum labiorum pudendi, fourchette, frenulum labiorum minorum, frenulum of pudendal lips, frenulum pudendi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of the labia minora
The fold connecting the two labia minora posteriorly. ... Synonym: frenulum labiorum pudendi, fourchette, frenulum labiorum minorum, frenulum of pudendal lips, frenulum pudendi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of the lip
Frenulum of upper lip, frenulum labii inferioris et superioris; frenulum of the lower lip; frenulum of the upper lip; the folds of mucous membrane extending from the gingiva to the midline of the lower and upper lips, respectively. ... Synonym: frenulum labii inferioris, frenulum labii superioris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum of tongue
Synonym for lingual frenulum ... A fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the undersurface of the tongue. ... Synonym: frenulum linguae, frenulum of tongue, vinculum linguae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum preputii
Synonym for frenulum of prepuce ... A fold of mucous membrane passing from the undersurface of the glans penis to the deep surface of the prepuce. ... Synonym: frenulum preputii, vinculum preputii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum preputii clitoridis
Synonym for frenulum of clitoris ... The line of union of the inner-laminae portions of the labia minora on the undersurface of the glans clitoridis. ... Synonym: frenulum clitoridis, frenulum preputii clitoridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum pudendi
Synonym for frenulum of the labia minora ... The fold connecting the two labia minora posteriorly. ... Synonym: frenulum labiorum pudendi, fourchette, frenulum labiorum minorum, frenulum of pudendal lips, frenulum pudendi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum valvae ileocaecalis
Synonym for frenulum of ileocaecal valve ... A fold, more evident in cadavers, running from the junction of the two commissures of the ileocaecal valve on either side along the inner wall of the caecocolic junction. ... Synonym: frenulum valvae ileocaecalis, frenulum of Morgagni, Morgagni's frenum, Morgagni's retinaculum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenulum veli medullaris superioris
Synonym for frenulum of superior medullary velum ... A band passing from the longitudinal groove between the quadrigeminal bodies on to the superior medullary velum. ... Synonym: frenulum veli medullaris superioris, cerebellar frenulum, frenulum cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frenum
<dentistry> Small pieces of pink coloured skin that attach your lips, cheeks and tongue to your mouth. Examples include the piece of skin under your tongue which sticks out when you pick up your tongue, and the piece of skin which sticks out when you pull out your lips. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

frenzy
Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage. 'All else is towering frenzy and distraction.' (Addison) 'The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling.' (Shak) ... Synonym: Insanity, lunacy, madness, derangment, alienation, aberration, delirium. See Insanity. ... Origi …

freons
A group of halogenated hydrocarbons, usually based on methane, containing one or more fluorine and/or other halogen atoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

frequency
1. <physics> The number of occurrences of a periodic or recurrent process per unit time, for example the number of vibrations of a particle per second or the number of repetitions of a complete wave form (cycles) per second. ... 2. <statistics> The number of members of a population or statistical sample falling in a particular class. ... …

frequency analysis
<ecology, statistics> A method of evaluating vegetation in an area by establishing a transect and counting the occurrences of plant species at various sampling points along the transect. ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

frequency curve
Synonym for distribution curve ... A systematic grouping of data into classes or categories according to the frequency of occurrence of each successive value or ranges of such values, resulting in a graph of a frequency distribution. ... Synonym: frequency curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frequency distribution
A statistical description of raw data in terms of the number or frequency of items characterised by each of a series or range of values of a continuous variable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frequency domain
The expression of a function by its amplitude and phase at each component frequency, usually as determined by Fourier analysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frequency encoding
In magnetic resonance imaging, a method of varying the magnetic field strength with location to encode the location of each voxel uniquely in one direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frequency of micturition
Micturition at short intervals; it may result from increased urine formation, decreased bladder capacity, or lower urinary tract irritation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frequency of occurrence
The number of times a given event occurs at specified sample points during a defined period. ... (07 Apr 1998) ...

frequency spectrum
The range of frequencies in a signal, used to describe the resolving power of an imaging system in radiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frequency, urinary
Urinating too often, at too frequent intervals, not due to an unusually large volume of urine, but rather to a decrease in the capacity of the bladder to hold urine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

frequenin
<immunology> A water in oil emulsion used experimentally for stimulating a vigorous immune response to an antigen (that is in the aqueous phase). ... Complete Freund's adjuvant contains heat killed tubercle bacilli, these are omitted from Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Unsuitable for use in humans because it elicits a severe granulomatous react …

frequent flooding
<ecology> Flooding which is likely to occur often during usual weather conditions (i.e., more than a 50 percent chance of flooding in any year, or more than 50 times in 100 years). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Frerichs, Friedrich von
<person> German pathologist and clinician, 1819-1885. ... See: Frerichs' theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frerichs' theory
That uraemia represents a toxic condition caused by ammonium carbonate, which is formed as the result of the action of a plasma enzyme on the increased amounts of urea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fresh
1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound. ... 2. New; original; additional. 'Fear of fresh mistakes.' 'A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs.' (Landor) ... 3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; as, fres …

fresh frozen plasma
The fluid component of blood lacking the cells but containing all the necessary plasma proteins, used to restore the protein clotting factors in some individuals with clotting factor deficiencies. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

fresh water
1. Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as rivers and lakes. ... 2. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh water fish; fresh water mussels. ... 3. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a fresh water sailor. ... 4. Unskilled; raw. Fresh water soldiers. …

freshen
1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh. ... 2. To refresh; to revive. ... 3. To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to freshen a hawse. To freshen ballast, to shift Or restore it. To …

freshening
Preparation of an open, partially healed wound for secondary closure by removal of fibrin, granulations, and early scar tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

freshwater marsh
<ecology> Wetland dominated by herbaceous plants under the influence of fresh water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Fresnel fringes
<microscopy> A class of diffraction fringes formed when the source of illumination and viewing screen are at a finite distance from a diffracting edge. ... In the electron microscope these fringes are best seen when the object is slightly out of focus. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

Fresnel lens
<physics> A lens built up, progressively, in zones or steps, each zone with its own individual radius. Considerable spherical correction is attained, and the weight of the lens is greatly reduced. ... Fresnel lenses were originally designed for lighthouses but they are now attainable for small spotlights, automobile headlights, and similar use …

Fresnel prism
A prism composed of concentric annular rings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Fresnel reflection
<microscopy> Process by which radiant flux is reflected from an optically plane boundary between two transparent dielectric materials. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

Fresnel, Augustin Jean
<person> French physicist, 1788-1827. ... See: Fresnel lens, Fresnel prism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...