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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


fressreflex
Sucking and chewing movements elicited by stimulation of the face and lips. ... Origin: Ger fr. Fressen, to feed, said of animals ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fret
1. To devour. 'The sow frete the child right in the cradle.' (Chaucer) ... 2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship. 'With many a curve my banks I fret.' (Tennyson) ... 3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish. 'By s …

fretting
Abrasive polishing and wear of two metallic surfaces at their interface due to repetitive motion. ... Origin: M.E., fr. O.E. Fretan, to devour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fretum
A strait; a constriction. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Freud's theory
A comprehensive theory of how personality is formed and develops in normal and emotionally disturbed individuals; e.g., that an attack of conversion hysteria is due to a psychic trauma which was not adequately reacted to at the time it was received, and persists as an affect memory. ... See: psychoanalysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

freudian psychoanalysis
The theory and practice of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy as developed by Freud, based on: 1) his theory of personality, which postulates that psychic life is made up of instinctual and socially acquired forces, or the id, the ego, and a superego, each of which must constantly accommodate to the other; 2) his discovery that the free association t …

freudian theory
<psychology> Philosophic formulations which are basic to psychoanalysis. Some of the conceptual theories developed were of the libido, repression, regression, transference, id, ego, superego, oedipus complex, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Freund, Jules
<person> U.S. Bacteriologist, 1891-1960. ... See: Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Freund, Wilhelm
<person> German gynecologist, 1833-1918. ... See: Freund's anomaly, Freund's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

freund's adjuvant
The complete version of this immunostimulating adjuvant contains heat-killed tuberculosis bacteria emulsified in white mineral oil. ... It is used in immunological research involving lab animals, but not in humans, since it could cause allergic responses or autoimmune problems. The bacterial cells are omitted in the incomplete verson of the adjuvant …

Freund's anomaly
A narrowing of the upper aperture of the thorax by shortening of the first rib and its cartilage; formerly believed to predispose to tuberculosis because of defective expansion of the lung apex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Freund's complete adjuvant
Water-in-oil emulsion of antigen, to which killed mycobacteria or tuberculosis bacteria are added. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Freund's incomplete adjuvant
Water-in-oil emulsion of antigen, without mycobacteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Freund's operation
Total abdominal hysterectomy for uterine cancer, chondrotomy to relieve Freund's anomaly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frey, Lucie
<person> Polish physician, 1852-1932. ... See: Frey's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frey, Max von
<person> German physician, 1852-1932. ... See: Frey's hairs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frey's hairs
Short hair's of varying degrees of stiffness, set at right angles into the end of a light wooden handle; used for assessing sensation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frey's syndrome
Synonym for auriculotemporal nerve syndrome ... <syndrome> Localised flushing and sweating of the ear and cheek in response to eating. ... Synonym: Frey's syndrome, gustatory sweating syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

FRF
Synonym for follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor ... folliberin ...

FRH
follitropin-releasing hormone ...

friable
1. Easily reduced to powder. ... 2. In bacteriology, denoting a dry and brittle culture falling into powder when touched or shaken. ... Origin: L. Friabilis, fr. Frio, to crumble ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

friar
1. A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary. ... 2. A white or pale patch on a printed page. ... 3. <zoology> An American fish; the …

fricative
Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc. ... A fric …

friction
Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

friction murmur
Synonym for friction sound ... The sound, heard on auscultation, made by the rubbing of two opposed serous surfaces roughened by an inflammatory exudate, or, if chronic, by nonadhesive fibrosis. ... Synonym: friction murmur, friction rub. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

friction rub
Synonym for friction sound ... The sound, heard on auscultation, made by the rubbing of two opposed serous surfaces roughened by an inflammatory exudate, or, if chronic, by nonadhesive fibrosis. ... Synonym: friction murmur, friction rub. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

friction sound
The sound, heard on auscultation, made by the rubbing of two opposed serous surfaces roughened by an inflammatory exudate, or, if chronic, by nonadhesive fibrosis. ... Synonym: friction murmur, friction rub. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frictional attachment
Synonym for precision attachment ... A frictional or mechanically retained unit used in fixed or removable prosthodontics, consisting of closely fitting male and female parts, an attachment that may be rigid in function or may incorporate a movable stress control unit to reduce the torque on the abutment. ... Synonym: frictional attachment, internal …

Fridenberg, Percy
<person> U.S. Ophthalmologist, 1868-1960. ... See: Fridenberg's stigometric card test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Fridenberg's stigometric card test
An obsolete test of vision and accommodation for illiterates, using a card containing a series of dots and squares of graduated size, to be counted at various distances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friderichsen-Waterhouse syndrome
Synonym for waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome ... <radiology> Septicaemia (e.g., meningococcaemia), haemorrhagic necrosis of adrenals due to, septic emboli, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), most likely to be adrenal haemorrhage and/or calcification ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Friderichsen, Carl
<person> Danish physician, *1886. ... See: Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, Friderichsen-Waterhouse syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedlander, Carl
<person> German pathologist, 1847-1887. ... See: Friedlander's bacillus, Friedlander's pneumonia, Friedlander's stain for capsules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedlander's bacillus
Synonym for klebsiella pneumoniae ... Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in man. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Friedlander's bacillus pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, the Friedlander bacillus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedlander's pneumonia
A form of pneumonia caused by infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander's bacillus), characteristically severe and lobar in distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedlander's stain
<technique> For capsules, an obsolete stain employing gentian violet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedman curve
A graph on which hours of labour are plotted against cervical dilation in centimeters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedman, Emanuel
<person> U.S. Obstetrician, *1926. ... See: Friedman curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedreich, Nikolaus
<person> German neurologist, 1825-1882. ... See: Friedreich's ataxia, Friedreich's phenomenon, Friedreich's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedreich's ataxia
<neurology> An autosomal recessive inherited disorder that leads to the progressive dysfunction of the cerebellum, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. ... Symptoms usually begin in childhood before puberty and consist of an unsteady gait (ataxia), slurred speech (dysarthria) and jerky eye movements (nystagmus). ... Other findings include kyphosc …

Friedreich's phenomenon
The tympanitic percussion sound over a pulmonary cavity is slightly raised in pitch on deep inspiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friedreich's sign
<clinical sign> In adherent pericardium, sudden collapse of the previously distended veins of the neck at each diastole of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

friedrich disease
<radiology> Avascular necrosis of medial clavicle ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Friend disease
Mouse leukaemia caused by the Friend leukaemia virus, a member of the family Retroviridae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Friend helper virus
<virology> Mouse (lymphoid) leukaemia virus present in stocks of Friend virus, that was believed at one time to assist its replication. Molecular cloning of Friend virus has since shown that it is nondefective. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Friend leukaemia virus
Synonym for friend virus ... A murine leukaemia virus producing leukaemia of the reticulum-cell type with massive infiltration of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It infects dba/2 and swiss mice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Friend murine erythroleukaemia cell
<cell culture> Lines of mouse erythroblasts transformed by the Friend virus, that can be induced to differentiate terminally, producing haemoglobin, by various agents such as dimethyl sulphoxide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Friend murine leukaemia virus
<virology> Murine leukaemia virus isolated by Charlotte Friend in 1956 whilst attempting to transmit the Erlich ascites tumour by cell free extracts. ... Causes an unusual erythroblastosis like leukaemia, in which anaemia is accompanied by large numbers of nucleated red cells in blood. does not carry a host derived oncogene, but seems to induc …

Friend spleen focus forming virus
<virology> Defective virus found in certain strains of Friend virus, detected by its ability to form foci in spleens of mice and believed to be responsible in those strains for the production of a leukaemia associated with polycythaemia rather than anaemia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

friend virus
A murine leukaemia virus producing leukaemia of the reticulum-cell type with massive infiltration of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It infects dba/2 and swiss mice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Friend, Charlotte
<person> U.S. Microbiologist, *1921. ... See: Friend disease, Friend virus, Friend leukaemia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frigate
1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a …

fright reaction
After section and degeneration of the facial nerve of an animal, the denervated facial muscles contract if the animal is frightened or becomes angry; due to the release of acetylcholine into the circulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frightful
1. Full of fright; affrighted; frightened. 'See how the frightful herds run from the wood.' (W. Browne) ... 2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror; shocking; as, a frightful chasm, or tempest; a frightful appearance. ... Synonym: Terrible, dreadful, alarming, fearful, terrific, awful, horrid, horrible, shocking. ... Fri …

frigid
1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate. ... 2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid obedience or service. ... 3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient …

frigidity
Coldness, especially, lack of sexual response in the female. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

frigorific
Producing cold. ... Origin: L. Frigus, cold, + facio, to make ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frigorism
Synonym: cryopathy. ... Origin: L. Frigus, cold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frill
1. To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the hawk frills. ... 2. <photography> To wrinkle; said of the gelatin film. ... Origin: OF. Friller, fr. L. Frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. Of frigidus cold; akin to F. Frileux chilly. ... See: Frill. ... <zoology> A ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold. ... A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, …

fringe
1. An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or t …

frit
1. The material from which the glaze for artificial teeth is made. ... 2. A powdered pigment material used in colouring the porcelain of artificial teeth. ... Origin: Fr. Frit, fried ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frith
1. <geography> A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; as, the Frith of Forth. ... 2. A kind of weir for catching fish. ... Origin: OE. Firth, Icel. Fjorr; akin to Sw. Fjard, Dan. Fiord, E. Ford. See Ford, and cf. Firth, Fiord, Fret a frith, Port a harbor. ... 1. A forest; a woody place. ... 2. A small field take …

Fritsch
Heinrich, German gynecologist, 1844-1915. ... See: Bozeman-Fritsch catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

friz
1. To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp. 'With her hair frizzed short up to her ears.' (Pepys) ... 2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap of cloth. ... 3. To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument. Frizzing machine. ... A bench with a r …

Froehde
A., 19th century German chemist. ... See: Froehde's reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Froehde's reagent
Sodium molybdate 1, in strong sulfuric acid 1000; gives various colour reactions with alkaloids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frog
1. <zoology> An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime. ... The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and …

frog face
The appearance caused by broadening of the nose which occurs in certain cases of nasal polyps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frog-leg lateral projection
A lateral projection of the femoral neck made with the thigh maximally abducted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frohlich
Alfred, Austrian neurologist and pharmacologist, 1871-1953. ... See: Frohlich's dwarfism, Frohlich's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frohlich's dwarfism
Dwarfism with Frohlich's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frohlich's syndrome
<syndrome> Dystrophia adiposogenitalis, originally involving an adenohypophysial tumour. ... Synonym: Launois-Cleret syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frohn
Damianus, German physician, *1843. ... See: Frohn's reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frohn's reagent
Bismuth subnitrate (1.5) and water (20.0) heated to boiling, to which hydrochloric acid (10.0) and potassium iodide (7.0) are added; used to test for alkaloids and for sugar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Froin
Georges, French physician, 1874-1932. ... See: Froin's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Froin's syndrome
<syndrome> An alteration in the cerebrospinal fluid, which is yellowish and coagulates spontaneously in a few seconds after withdrawal, owing to its greatly increased protein (albumin and globulin) content; noted in loculated portions of the subarachnoid space isolated from spinal fluid circulation by an inflammatory or neoplastic obstruction …

frolement
1. Light friction or massage with the palm of the hand. ... 2. A rustling sound heard in auscultation. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frolic
Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry. 'The frolic wind that breathes the spring.' (Milton) 'The gay, the frolic, and the loud.' (Waller) ... Origin: D. Vroolijk; akin to G. Frolich, fr. Froh, OHG. Fr, Dan. Fro, OS. Frh, cf. Icel. Frr swift; all perh. Akin to Skr. Pru to spring up. ... Source: Web …

Froment
Jules, Lyon physician, 1878-1946. ... See: Froment's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Froment's sign
<clinical sign> Flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb when a sheet of paper is held between the thumb and index finger in ulnar nerve palsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Frommel
Richard, German gynecologist, 1854-1912. ... See: Chiari-Frommel syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frond
<botany> A leaf especially of a fern, cycad or palm, a leaf-like portion of a non-vascular plant (for example a foliose alga). ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

frondation
<botany> The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning. ... Origin: L. Frondatio, from frons. See Frond. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

frondent
<botany> Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a frondent tree. ... Origin: L. Frondens, p. Pr. Of frondere to put forth leaves. See Frond. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

frons
Synonym: forehead. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

front
The position of the leading edge of the solvent in chromatography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

front lens
<physics> The front element of a compound lens system, the first lens element which the entering light encounters. ... See: back lens. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

front-tap contraction
Contraction of the calf muscles when the anterior surface of the leg is struck. ... Synonym: Gowers' contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

front-tap reflex
Contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle when the shin is struck. ... Synonym: periosteal reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontad
Toward the front. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontal
Belonging to the front part; being in front; especially. ... <anatomy> . ... Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of the brain case; as, the frontal bones. ... Origin: Cf. F. Frontal. ... 1. Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as: An ornamental band for the hair. ... The metal face guard of a soldier.
frontal angle of parietal bone
The anterior superior angle of the parietal bone. ... Synonym: angulus frontalis ossis parietalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontal area
Synonym for frontal cortex ... Cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, originally, the entire cortical expanse anterior to the central sulcus, including the agranular motor and premotor cortex (Brodmann's areas 4 and 6), the dysgranular cortex (area 8), and the granular frontal (prefrontal) cortex anterior to the latter, now more ofte …

frontal artery
Synonym for supratrochlear artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, ophthalmic; distribution, anterior portion of scalp; anastomoses, branches of supraorbital. ... Synonym: arteria supratrochlearis, arteria frontalis, frontal artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontal bone
The large single bone forming the forehead and the upper margin and roof of the orbit on either side; it articulates with the parietal, nasal, ethmoid, maxillary, and zygomatic bones, and with the lesser wings of the sphenoid. ... Synonym: os frontale, coronale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontal border
Edge of a bone which articulates with the frontal bone. ... See: frontal border of parietal bone, frontal border of sphenoid bone. ... Synonym: margo frontalis, frontal margin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontal border of parietal bone
The margin of the parietal bone that articulates with the frontal bone. ... Synonym: margo frontalis ossis parietalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontal border of sphenoid bone
The margin of the greater wing of the sphenoid bon that articulates with the frontal bone. ... Synonym: margo frontalis ossis sphenoidalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

frontal cortex
Cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, originally, the entire cortical expanse anterior to the central sulcus, including the agranular motor and premotor cortex (Brodmann's areas 4 and 6), the dysgranular cortex (area 8), and the granular frontal (prefrontal) cortex anterior to the latter, now more often refers to the granular front …