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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

fused silver nitrate
Synonym for toughened silver nitrate ... Silver nitrate mixed with silver chloride and allowed to dry. Usually applied to the ends of small wooden applicator sticks or made available as pencils. These are used after wetting as a caustic chemical for the removal of warts. ... Synonym: fused silver nitrate, lunar caustic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fused teeth
Two teeth united during development by the union of their tooth germs; the teeth may be joined by the enamel of their crowns, by their root dentin, or by both. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fusel oil
<chemistry> A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc), as an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol. ... Origin: G. Fusel bad liquor. ... Source: Websters …

fuselloviridae
A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (fusellovirus). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fushi tarazu
(Japanese for too few segments), a pair rule gene of Drosophila. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fushi tarazu gene
<molecular biology> A gene found in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Normal fruit fly embryos look like a series of stacked discs, which are called segments. Each segment eventually develops into specific adult fly structures (wings, antennae, legs, eyes, etc.) Flies which have a mutant form of the ftz gene are missing every other segme …

fusible metal
A metal with a low melting point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusidate sodium
The sodium salt of fusidic acid; has antibacterial properties. ... Synonym: sodium fusidate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusidic acid
<drug> An antibiotic that prevents the synthesis of proteins by blocking the elongation factor (EF)-GDP complex. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

fusiform
Spindle-shaped, i.e. Narrower at both ends than at the centre. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

fusiform aneurysm
An elongated spindle-shaped dilation of an artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusiform cataract
Synonym for spindle cataract ... A cataract in which the opacity is fusiform, extending from one pole to the other. ... Synonym: fusiform cataract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusiform cells of cerebral cortex
Spindle-shaped cell's in the sixth layer of the cerebral cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusiform gyrus
An extremely long convolution extending lengthwise over the inferior aspect of the temporal and occipital lobes, demarcated medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. ... Synonym: gyrus occipitotemporalis late …

fusiform layer
Layer 6 of the cortex cerebri. ... Synonym: multiform layer, polymorphous layer, spindle-celled layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusiform muscle
<anatomy> One that has a fleshy belly, tapering at either extremity. ... Synonym: musculus fusiformis, spindle-shaped muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Fusiformis
An obsolete generic name sometimes used for the anaerobic fusiform bacteria found in the human mouth; these organisms are closely related to the anaerobic organisms found in the human intestine and have been placed in the genus Fusobacterium. ... Origin: see fusiform ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusimotor
Pertaining to the efferent innervation of intrafusal muscle fibres by gamma motor neurons. ... See: neuromuscular spindle. ... Origin: L. Fusus, spindle, + moveo, to move ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusing point
See: fusion temperature (wire method). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusion
<radiobiology> A nuclear reaction in which light atomic nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei, typically accompanied by the release of energy. (See also Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

fusion area
Synonym for Panum's area ... The area in and about the macula retinae in which stimulation of noncorresponding retinal points nevertheless results in stereoscopic vision. ... Synonym: fusion area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusion beat
A beat triggered by more than a single electrical impulse, when the wave fronts coincide to act together on a single final pathway of activity; in the electrocardiogram, the atrial or ventricular complex when either atria or ventricles are activated jointly by two simultaneous or nearly simultaneous invading impulses. ... Synonym: combination beat, …

fusion energy
Synonym for binding energy ... <chemistry, radiobiology> The binding energy of a nucleus is the minimum energy required to dissociate it into its component neutrons and protons. Neutron or proton binding energies are those required to remove a neutron or proton, respectively, from a nucleus. Electron binding energy is that required to remove a …

fusion gene
<molecular biology> A hybrid gene created by joining portions of two different genes (to produce a new protein) or by joining a gene to a different promoter (to alter or regulate gene transcription). ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

fusion protein
<protein> Protein formed by expression of a hybrid gene made by combining two gene sequences. Typically this is accomplished by cloning a cDNA into an expression vector in frame with an existing gene, perhaps encoding for example beta galactosidase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fusion proteins, bcr-abl
Translation products of a fusion mRNA derived from the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene and a cellular abl (c-abl) gene translocated to chromosome 22. The p210(bcr-abl) fusion protein is found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. The p190(bcr-abl) fusion protein is found in patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia. The activation of …

fusion proteins, gag-onc
General name for the translation products of a fusion mRNA consisting of a gag gene and a viral oncogene (v-onc). These products are thought to have the ability to transform cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fusion proteins, gag-pol
Polyprotein products of a fused portion of retroviral mRNA containing the gag and pol genes. The polyprotein is synthesised only five percent of the time since pol is out of frame with gag, and is generated by ribosomal frameshifting. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fusion reactor
<radiobiology> Device which creates energy in a controlled manner through fusion reactions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

fusion temperature
The recorded temperature at which a 20-gauge metal wire will collapse under a 3-ounce load; the recorded temperature at which porcelain becomes glazed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusion-fission hybrid
<radiobiology> Proposed nuclear reactor relying on both fusion and fission reactions. A central fusion chamber would produce neutrons to induce fission in a surrounding blanket of fissionable material. ... The neutron source could also be used to convert other materials into additional fissile fuels (breeder hybrid). Safer than a plain fission …

fusion-inferred threshold test
Employment of the phenomenon of cerebral fusion of binaural sounds to substitute for conventional masking in hearing testing. ... Synonym: FIT test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusional movement
A reflex movement that tends to move the visual axes to the object of fixation so that stereoscopic vision is possible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusobacterium
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fusobacterium infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus fusobacterium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Fusobacterium mortiferum
Sphaerophorus mortiferus;a species found in various infections in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusobacterium necrophorum
A species of gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from the natural cavities of man and other animals and from necrotic lesions, abscesses, and blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

fusobacterium nucleatum
A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the gingival margin and sulcus and from infections of the upper respiratory tract and pleural cavity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Fusobacterium plauti
A species found in the buccal cavity; also found in cultures of Entamoeba histolytica. ... Synonym: Eubacterium plauti. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusocellular
Spindle-celled. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusogenic vesicle
<cell biology> A liposome (artificially-created vesicle) whose outer wall contains molecules (such as the F protein) that cause cell fusion, especially fusion between somatic cells (any cell that is not a gamete). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

fusospirochetal
Referring to the associated fusiform and spirochetal organisms such as those found in the lesions of Vincent's angina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusospirochetal disease
<disease> Infection of the mouth and/or pharynx associated with fusiform bacilli and spirochetes, commonly part of the normal flora of the mouth. ... See: necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fusospirochetal gingivitis
Synonym for necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis ... An acute or recurrent gingivitis of young and middle-aged adults characterised clinically by gingival erythema and pain, fetid odour, and necrosis and sloughing of interdental papillae and marginal gingiva which gives rise to a gray pseudomembrane; fever, regional lymphadenopathy, and other systemic …

fusospirochetal stomatitis
Infection of the mouth with spirochetal organisms, usually in association with other anaerobes. ... See: Vincent's angina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

fustic
The wood of the Maclura tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow; called also old fustic. ... Alternative forms: fustoc. ... Other kinds of yellow wood are often called fustic; as that of species of Xanthoxylum, and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is sometimes called young fustic to distinguish it from the Maclura. See F …

fustigation
A form of massage consisting in beating the surface with light rods. ... Origin: L. Fustigo, pp. -atus, to beat with a cudgel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Futcher, Palmer Howard
<person> U.S.-Canadian physician, *1910. ... See: Futcher's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Futcher's line
A dorso-ventral line of pigmentation occurring symmetrically and bilaterally for about 10 cm along the lateral edge of the biceps muscle, seen in some blacks. ... Synonym: Voigt's lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

futile cycle
<biochemistry> Any seqence of enzyme catalysed reactions in which the forward and reverse processes (catalysed by different enzymes) are consititutively active. ... Frequently used to describe the cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of phosphatidyl inositol derivatives in cell membranes. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

future
1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the future shall be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to come. 'Lay the future open.' ... 2. The possibilities of the future; used especially of prospective success or advancement; as, he had great future before him. ... 3. A future tense. To deal in futures, to specu …

fuze
A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See Fuse, Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion. Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the projectile. Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a s …

fuzzy logic
Approximate, quantitative reasoning that is concerned with the linguistic ambiguity which exists in natural or synthetic language. at its core are variables such as good, bad, and young as well as modifiers such as more, less, and very. These ordinary terms represent fuzzy sets in a particular problem. Fuzzy logic plays a key role in many medical e …

FVC
Synonym for forced vital capacity ... Vital capacity measured with the subject exhaling as rapidly as possible; data relating volume, expiratory flow, and time form the basis for other pulmonary function tests, e.g., flow-volume curve, forced expiratory volume, forced expiratory time, forced expiratory flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Fx
<protein> Very small protein (5 kD) from platelets that binds to G actin rendering it assembly incompetent. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

fyk kinase
<enzyme> Involved in the regulation of postsynaptic membrane function in torpedo electric organ; may phosphorylate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; genbank u01350 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

fyn
<molecular biology> A nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, related to src. ... (06 Oct 1997) ...

FYN-related kinase
<enzyme> 49% identical to human fyn and 47% to human src; genbank u00803 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: frk protein, frk gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

G acid
2-Naphthol-6,8-disulfonic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

G actin
Synonym for globular actin ... <protein> A short polypeptide chain of 375 amino acids which is the monomeric unit of the protein actin (one of the two proteins involved in muscle contraction). Many units of G actin join together in a polymer to make an actin filament. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

G antigen
An antigenic glycoprotein frequently associated with viral surfaces. ... Origin: Ger. Gebundenes, bound ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

G cell
<gastroenterology, pathology> Endocrine cells found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach and responsible for the secretion of gastrin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

G deamidase
<enzyme> Mw 81 kD; a chymotrypsin-like serine carboxypeptidase; responsible for the degradation of antagonist g ... Registry number: EC 3.4.16.- ... Synonym: g-deamidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

G factor
The single common variance or factor that is common to (i.e., empirically intercorrelates with) different intelligence tests (general). ... A substance required for the growth of a specific organism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

G force
Inertial force produced by accelerations or gravity, expressed in gravitational units; one G is equal to the pull of gravity at the earth's surface at sea level and 45° North latitude (32.1725 ft/sec2; 980.621 cm/sec2). ... See: g. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

g haemolysis
A term sometimes used to indicate that there is no haemolysis in relation to bacterial colonies in or on blood agar; thus, nonhemolytic organisms may be referred to as producing g haemolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

g loop
<molecular biology, virology> A loop of unpaired strands of DNA from the G region of the genome of the bacteriophage mu. This loop appears after the DNA has been extracted from the bacteriophage, denatured, and then renatured. ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

G suit
<physiology> Double-layered inflatable suits which, when inflated, exert pressure on the lower part of the wearer's body. The suits are used to improve or stabilise the circulatory state, i.e., to prevent hypotension, control haemorrhage, and regulate blood pressure. The suits are also used by pilots under positive acceleration. ... (12 Dec 19 …

G syndrome
A syndrome of characteristic facies associated with hypospadias, ventral curvature of the penis, and dysphagia. Apparently the same as the BBB syndrome of Opritz et al. Autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Origin: first letter of surname of affected person reported ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

g-6-p-d deficiency
Synonym for glucose-6-dehydrogenase deficiency ... <biochemistry> An inherited condition that results in a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Particular drugs (sulphonamides) can exacerbate this problem. The result is haemolytic anaemia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

G-banding
Synonym for banding pattern ... <genetics> Chromosomes stained with certain dyes, commonly quinacrine (Q banding) or Giemsa (G banding), show a pattern of transverse bands of light and heavy staining that is characteristic for the individual chromosome. ... The basis of the differential staining, which is the same in most tissues, is not unders …

G-banding stain
<technique> A unique chromosome staining technique, used in human cytogenetics to identify individual chromosomes, which produces characteristic bands. ... It utilises acetic acid fixation, air drying, denaturing chromosomes mildly with proteolytic enzymes, salts, heat, detergents, or urea, and finally Giemsa stain; chromosome bands appear sim …

G-CSF
Synonym for granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor ... <growth factor, haematology, oncology> A glycoprotein of 25 kD containing internal disulfide bonds. ... It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stim …

G-protein
<cell biology, molecular biology> Intracellular membrane-associated proteins activated by several (e.g., beta adrenergic) receptors. ... They serve as second messengers or transducers of the receptor-initiated response to intracellular elements such as enzymes to initiate an effect. They are also mediators of activated cell-surface receptors a …

G-protein coupled receptor
<cell biology> Cell surface receptors that are coupled to G-proteins (GTP-binding protein). ... G-protein coupled receptors are thought to have seven membrane spanning domains and have been divided into 2 subclasses: those in which the binding site is in the extracellular domain for example receptors for glycoprotein hormones, such as thyroid …

G-protein, inhibitory GI
A g-protein that inhibits adenylyl cyclase and activates k+ channels. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

G-protein, stimulatory gs
A G-protein that mediates the receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

G-strophanthin
Synonym for ouabain ... <drug> A plant alkaloid from Strophantus gratus, that specifically binds to and inhibits the sodium potassium ATPase. Related to digitalis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

g0 phase
Phase of the cell cycle where cells exist in a quiescent state. These cells have unduplicated DNA, degraded RNA and protein, and low enzyme activity. The ability to switch between g0 and g1 (and vice versa) determines the post-embryonic cell proliferation rate and is defectively controlled in neoplastic cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

G1
Symbol for gap 1. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

g1 phase
<cell biology, molecular biology> The period during interphase in the cell cycle between mitosis and the S phase (when DNA is replicated). ... Also known as the decision period of the cell, because the cell decides to divide when it enters the s phase. The G stands for gap. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

G2
Symbol for gap 2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

g2 phase
<cell biology, molecular biology> The period during interphase in the cell cycle between the S phase (when DNA is replicated) and mitosis (when the nucleus, then cell, divides). ... at this time, the cell checks the accuracy of DNA replication and prepares for mitosis. The G stands for gap. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Ga
Symbol for gallium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GABA
Synonym for gamma aminobutyric acid ... <biochemistry> An important amino acid which functions as the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. ... Gamma aminobutyric acid works in partnership with a derivative of Vitamin B-6, pyridoxine, to cross from the axons to the dendrites through the synaptic cleft, in res …

gaba agents
Substances used for their pharmacological actions on gabaergic systems. Gabaergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gaba agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate gaba receptors (receptors, gaba). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gaba antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate gaba receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous gaba or gaba agonists. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

GABA dehydrogenase
<enzyme> From crude mitochondrial fraction of rat brain; reported first product is gamma-aminocrotonic acid; p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet can serve as acceptor of electrons ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

gaba modulators
Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the gaba receptor-ionophore complex. Gaba-a receptors (receptors, gaba-a) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which benzodiazepines act by increasing the opening frequency of gaba-activated chloride channels; a site at which barbiturate …

GABA pathway
Synonym for 4-aminobutyrate pathway ... The pathway that ultimately converts 4-aminobutyrate to succinate; succinate is then converted to alpha-ketoglutarate, via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is then acted upon by glutamate dehydrogenase; glutamate is then decarboxylated to reform 4-aminobutyrate; an important pathway for those cells which ma …

GABA permease
<chemical> From aspergillus nidulans; uga4 is from saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Synonym: gamma-amino-n-butyrate permease, 4-aminobutyric acid permease, uga4 protein, uga4 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

GABA receptor
Synonym for gamma aminobutyric acid receptor ... <physiology> Ligand gated chloride ion channel forming receptor opened by gamma aminobutyric acid. Two distinct types: A and B. ... A receptor: One of a family of neurotransmitter receptors with fast intrinsic ion channels that includes the glycine receptor and the nicotinic acetylcholine recepto …

gabase
<chemical> Mixture of 4-aminobutyrate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (nadp) (EC 1.2.1.16) from pseudomonas fluorescens; used in assay of gaba ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

gabexate
<chemical> 4-((6-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)-1-oxohexyl)oxy)benzoic acid ethyl ester. A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic), and as a regional anticoagulant for haemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, …

gabion
1. A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire. ... 2. <physics> An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc, as in harbor improvement. ... Origin: F, from …

gable
The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: ... The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. ... A decorative member having the shape of a triangular ga …

gabon
A republic in west equatorial africa, south of cameroon and west of congo. Its capital is libreville. It was the first part of french equatorial africa to be settled in 1841. Gabon achieved independence from france in 1960. Gabon was named for the gabon river, whose estuary was discovered by the portuguese in the late 15th century: gabao is the wor …

gabonase
<enzyme> Thrombin-like enzyme from bitis gabonica venom ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Gaboon ulcer
A form of tropical ulcer affecting the residents of this region; it resembles a syphilitic ulcer, especially in the appearance of its scar. ... Origin: Gaboon, a region in Africa ... (05 Mar 2000) ...