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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


gamogony
Synonym for gametogony ... A stage in the sexual cycle of sporozoans in which gametes are formed, often by schizogony. ... Synonym: gametogonia, gamogony. ... Origin: Gameto-+ G. Gone, a begetting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gamont
Synonym: gametocyte. ... Origin: G. Gamos, marriage, + on (ont-), being ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gamopetalous
<botany> With the petals united by their margins, at least at the base. ... Compare: polypetalous. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gamophagia
Synonym for gametophagia ... The disappearance of the male or female element in zygosis. ... Synonym: gamophagia. ... Origin: Gameto-+ G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gamophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of marriage. ... Origin: G. Gamos, marriage, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gamophyllous
<botany> Having the leaves or perianth segments united by their margins, at least at the base. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gamosepalous
<botany> Having the sepals united by their margins, at least at the base. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ganciclovir
<drug> Antiviral nucleoside analogue: 9 (1,3 dihydroxy 2 propoxymethyl guanine. Used in treatment of cytomegalovirus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ganciclovir kinase
<enzyme> Has been sequenced; controlled by human cytomegalovirus gene ul97, which shares regions of homology with protein kinases, guanylyl cyclase and bacterial phosphotransferases ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: ul97 gene product, ul97 protein, hcmv, ul97 gene product, cmv ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Gandy
Charles, French physician, *1872. ... See: Gamna-Gandy bodies, Gamna-Gandy nodules, Gandy-Gamna bodies, Gandy-Nanta disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gandy-Gamna bodies
Synonym for Gamna-Gandy bodies ... Small firm spheroidal or irregular foci that are yellow-brown, brown, or rustlike in colour, occurring chiefly in the spleen in such conditions as congestive splenomegaly and sickle cell disease, and consisting of relatively dense fibrous tissue or collagenous fibres impregnated with iron pigment and calcium salts; …

Gandy-Nanta disease
<disease> Siderotic splenomegaly, probably the same as Gamna's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gang
1. A going; a course. ... 2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves. ... 3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labour; a set; as, …

ganga
An extract of the flowers of Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp or hashish) which grows in India, Persia, and Arabia. ... See: cannabis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia
<pathology> A mass of nerve tissue (grey matter) or a group of nerve cell bodies. ... <anatomy> Also refers to specific groups within the brain or spinal cord (as basal ganglia). Ganglion is the singular of ganglia. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

ganglia aorticorenalia
Synonym for aorticorenal ganglia ... A semidetached portion of the coeliac ganglia, at the origin of each renal artery; contains the sympathetic neurons innervating the vasculature of the kidney. ... Synonym: ganglia aorticorenalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia cardiaca
Synonym for cardiac ganglia ... Parasympathetic ganglia of the cardiac plexus lying between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. ... Synonym: ganglia cardiaca, Wrisberg's ganglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia coeliaca
Synonym for coeliac ganglia ... The largest and highest group of prevertebral sympathetic ganglia, located on the superior part of the abdominal aorta, on either side of the origin of the coeliac artery; contains sympathetic neurons whose unmyelinated postganglionic axons innervate the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, small intestine, an …

ganglia intermedia
Synonym for intermediate ganglia ... Small sympathetic ganglia most commonly found on the communicating branches in the cervical and lumbar region. ... Synonym: ganglia intermedia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia lumbalia
Synonym for lumbar ganglia ... Four or more ganglia on the medial border of the psoas major muscle on either side; they form, with the sacral and coccygeal ganglia and their interganglionic rami, the abdominopelvic sympathetic trunk. ... Synonym: ganglia lumbalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia of autonomic plexuses
Autonomic ganglia lying in plexuses of autonomic fibres, e.g., the coeliac and inferior mesenteric ganglia of the sympathetic, and the small parasympathetic ganglia of the myenteric plexus. ... Synonym: ganglia plexuum autonomicorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia of sympathetic trunk
The clusters of postganglionic neurons located at intervals along the sympathetic trunks, including the superior cervical, middle cervical, and cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion, the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral ganglia, and the ganglion impar. ... Synonym: ganglia trunci sympathici, paravertebral ganglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia pelvina
Synonym for pelvic ganglia ... The parasympathetic ganglia scattered through the pelvic plexus on either side. ... Synonym: ganglia pelvina, hypogastric ganglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia phrenica
Synonym for phrenic ganglia ... Several small autonomic ganglia contained in the plexuses accompanying the inferior phrenic arteries. ... Synonym: ganglia phrenica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia plexuum autonomicorum
Synonym for ganglia of autonomic plexuses ... Autonomic ganglia lying in plexuses of autonomic fibres, e.g., the coeliac and inferior mesenteric ganglia of the sympathetic, and the small parasympathetic ganglia of the myenteric plexus. ... Synonym: ganglia plexuum autonomicorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia renalia
Synonym for renal ganglia ... Small scattered sympathetic ganglia along the renal plexus. ... Synonym: ganglia renalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia sacralia
Synonym for sacral ganglia ... Three or four ganglia on either side constituting, with the ganglion impar and the interganglionic rami, the pelvic portion of the sympathetic trunk. ... Synonym: ganglia sacralia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia thoracica
Synonym for thoracic ganglia ... Ganglia, 11 or 12 on either side, at the level of the head of each rib, constituting with the interganglionic rami the thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk. ... Synonym: ganglia thoracica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglia trunci sympathici
Synonym for ganglia of sympathetic trunk ... The clusters of postganglionic neurons located at intervals along the sympathetic trunks, including the superior cervical, middle cervical, and cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion, the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral ganglia, and the ganglion impar. ... Synonym: ganglia trunci sympathici, paravertebral gangli …

ganglia, autonomic
Clusters of neurons and their processes in the autonomic nervous system. In the autonomic ganglia, the preganglionic fibres from the central nervous system synapse onto the neurons whose axons are the postganglionic fibres innervating target organs. The ganglia also contain intrinsic neurons and supporting cells and preganglionic fibres passing thr …

ganglia, invertebrate
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in invertebrates. Invertebrate ganglia may also contain neuronal processes and non-neuronal supporting cells. Many invertebrate ganglia are favourable subjects for research because they have small numbers of functional neuronal types which can be identified from one animal to another. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglia, parasympathetic
Ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system, including the ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia in the cranial region and intrinsic (terminal) ganglia associated with target organs in the thorax and abdomen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglia, sensory
Clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons. Sensory ganglia may also have intrinsic interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglia, spinal
Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglia, sympathetic
Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system including the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia. Among these are the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, coeliac, and stellate ganglia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gangliate
Gangliated ... Having ganglia. ... Synonym: ganglionated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangliated cord
Synonym for sympathetic trunk ... One of the two long ganglionated nerve strands alongside the vertebral column that extend from the base of the skull to the coccyx; they are connected to each spinal nerve by gray rami and receive fibres from the spinal cord through white rami connecting with the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves. ... Synonym: …

gangliated nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A sympathetic nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangliectomy
Synonym for ganglionectomy ... <procedure> Removal of an autonomic or sensory ganglion by any means. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gangliform
Having the form or appearance of a ganglion. ... Synonym: ganglioform. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangliitis
Synonym for ganglionitis ... 1. Inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion. ... 2. Inflammation of a nerve ganglion. ... Synonym: gangliitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglioblast
An embryonic cell from which develop ganglion cells. ... Origin: Ganglion + G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangliocyte
<anatomy> A nerve cell which is not located within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) but is often associated with a ganglion (a mass or knot of nerve cells). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gangliocytoma
<tumour> A rare lesion that contains neuronal (ganglion) cells in a sparse glial stoma. ... Synonym: central ganglioneuroma. ... Origin: Ganglion + G. Kytos, cell, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglioglioma
<oncology, tumour> A type of tumour made up of mature gangliocytes (a type of nerve cell) and neuroglial cells (insulation and support cells of the nervous system). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gangliolysis
The dissolution or breaking up of a ganglion. ... Percutaneous radiofrequency gangliolysis, gangliolysis produced by radiofrequency currents applied to a ganglion by a needle passed through the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion
1. A knot or knotlike mass. ... 2. <anatomy> A general term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system, occasionally applied to certain nuclear groups within the brain or spinal cord, for example basal ganglia. ... 3. <oncology, tumour> A benign cystic tumour occurring on a aponeurosis or tendon, as in the …

ganglion cell
<pathology> A type of interneuron that conveys information from the retinal bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells to the brain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ganglion cells of retina
The nerve cell's of the retina whose central processes (fibres) form the optic nerve; their peripheral processes synapse with the bipolar cell's and through them with the rod and cone cell's; these cell bodies are round or flask-shaped and vary considerably in size. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion cervicale inferius
Synonym for inferior cervical ganglion ... Inferior-most of the three ganglia of the cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk, occurring at the C7 vertebral level. Most commonly, it is fused to the first thoracic sympathetic ganglion to form a stellate ganglion. ... Synonym: ganglion cervicale inferius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion cervicale medium
Synonym for middle cervical ganglion ... A sympathetic ganglion, of small size and sometimes absent; located at the level of the cricoid cartilage. ... Synonym: ganglion cervicale medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion cervicale superius
Synonym for superior cervical ganglion ... The largest and uppermost of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglion cervicothoracicum
A sympathetic trunk ganglion lying behind the subclavian artery near the origin of the vertebral artery, at the level of the seventh cervical vertebra, close to the first thoracic ganglion with which it is usually fused. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion ciliare
Synonym for ciliary ganglion ... <anatomy, neurology> Neural crest derived ganglion acting as relay between parasympathetic neurons of the oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain and the muscles regulating the diameter of the pupil of the eye. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ganglion cyst
<dermatology, tumour> A small cystic tumour, composed of ganglion cells, containing viscous fluid and connected either with a joint membrane or a tendon sheath. ... Commonly found on the back of the wrist, hands or feet. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

ganglion extracraniale
Synonym for inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The lower of two sensory ganglion's on the glossopharyngeal nerve as it traverses the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: ganglion inferius nervi glossopharyngei, Andersch's ganglion, extracranial ganglia, ganglion extracraniale, petrosal ganglion, petrous ganglion. ... (05 M …

ganglion geniculi
Synonym for geniculate ganglion ... The sensory ganglion of the facial (7th cranial) nerve. The geniculate ganglion cells send central processes to the brainstem and peripheral processes to the taste buds in the anterior tongue, the soft palate, and the skin of the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglion habenulae
Synonym for habenular nucleus ... The gray matter of the habenula, composed of a small-celled medial and a larger-celled lateral habenular nucleus; both nuclei receive fibres from basal forebrain regions (septum, basal nucleus, lateral preoptic nucleus); the lateral habenular nucleus receives an additional projection from the medial segment of the g …

ganglion impar
The most inferior, unpaired ganglion of the sympathetic trunk; inconstant. ... Synonym: coccygeal ganglion, Walther's ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion inferius nervi vagi
Synonym for inferior ganglion of vagus nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A large sensory ganglion of the vagus, anterior to the internal jugular vein. ... Synonym: ganglion inferius nervi vagi, ganglion of trunk of vagus, nodose ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion isthmi
Synonym for interpeduncular nucleus ... A median, unpaired, ovoid cell group at the base of the midbrain tegmentum between the cerebral peduncles; it receives the retroflex fasciculus from the habenula, and projects to the raphe region (raphe nuclei) and periaqueductal gray substance of the midbrain. ... Synonym: nucleus interpeduncularis, ganglion i …

ganglion mesentericum inferius
Synonym for inferior mesenteric ganglion ... The lowest of the sympathetic prevertebral ganglia, located at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery from the aorta and containing the sympathetic neurons innervating the descending and sigmoid colon. ... Synonym: ganglion mesentericum inferius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion mesentericum superius
Synonym for superior mesenteric ganglion ... A paired sympathetic ganglion located at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta. ... Synonym: ganglion mesentericum superius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion of facial nerve
Synonym for geniculate ganglion ... The sensory ganglion of the facial (7th cranial) nerve. The geniculate ganglion cells send central processes to the brainstem and peripheral processes to the taste buds in the anterior tongue, the soft palate, and the skin of the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglion of intermediate nerve
Synonym for geniculate ganglion ... The sensory ganglion of the facial (7th cranial) nerve. The geniculate ganglion cells send central processes to the brainstem and peripheral processes to the taste buds in the anterior tongue, the soft palate, and the skin of the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglion of nervus intermedius
Synonym for geniculate ganglion ... The sensory ganglion of the facial (7th cranial) nerve. The geniculate ganglion cells send central processes to the brainstem and peripheral processes to the taste buds in the anterior tongue, the soft palate, and the skin of the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglion of trunk of vagus
Synonym for inferior ganglion of vagus nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A large sensory ganglion of the vagus, anterior to the internal jugular vein. ... Synonym: ganglion inferius nervi vagi, ganglion of trunk of vagus, nodose ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion oticum
Synonym for otic ganglion ... An autonomic ganglion situated below the foramen ovale medial to the mandibular nerve; its postganglionic, parasympathetic fibres are distributed to the parotid gland. ... Synonym: ganglion oticum, Arnold's ganglion, auricular ganglion, otoganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion pterygopalatinum
Synonym for pterygopalatine ganglion ... A small parasympathetic ganglion in the upper part of the pterygopalatine fossa whose postsynaptic fibres supply the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands. ... Synonym: ganglion pterygopalatinum, Meckel's ganglion, nasal ganglion, sphenopalatine ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion ridge
Synonym for neural crest ... A group of embryonic cells that separate from the neural plate during neurulation and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells: the spinal and autonomic ganglia, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and nonneuronal cells, such as chromaffin cells, melanocytes and some haemopoietic cells. ... ( …

ganglion spinale
Synonym for spinal ganglion ... <anatomy> Enlargement of the dorsal root of the spinal cord containing cell bodies of afferent spinal neurons. Neural outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia has been studied extensively in vitro. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ganglion spirale cochleae
Synonym for spiral ganglion of cochlea ... An elongated ganglion of bipolar sensory nerve cell bodies on the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve in the spiral canal of the modiolus; each ganglion cell gives rise to a peripheral process that passes between the layers of the bony spiral lamina to the organ of Corti, and a central axon that en …

ganglion splanchnicum
Synonym for splanchnic ganglion ... Ha small sympathetic ganglion often present in the course of the greater splanchnic nerve. ... Synonym: ganglion splanchnicum, Lobstein's ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion stellatum
An alternate term for cervicothoracic ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion sublinguale
Synonym for sublingual ganglion ... A tiny ganglion occasionally found anterior to the submandibular ganglion, of which it is a displaced portion; innervates the sublingual gland. ... Synonym: ganglion sublinguale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion submandibulare
Synonym for submandibular ganglion ... A small parasympathetic ganglion suspended from the lingual nerve; its postganglionic branches go to the submandibular and sublingual glands; its preganglionic fibres come from the superior salvatory nucleus by way of the chorda tympani. ... Synonym: ganglion submandibulare, submaxillary ganglion. ... (05 Mar 200 …

ganglion superius nervi vagi
Synonym for superior ganglion of vagus nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A small sensory ganglion on the vagus as it traverses the jugular foramen. ... Synonym: ganglion superius nervi vagi, jugular ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion tympanicum
Synonym for tympanic ganglion ... A small ganglion on the tympanic nerve during its passage through the petrous portion of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: ganglion tympanicum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion vertebrale
Synonym for vertebral ganglion ... A small ganglion located along the sympathetic trunk or one of the nerve cords connecting the middle cervical ganglion and the cervicothoracic ganglion; it usually lies near the vertebral artery. ... Synonym: ganglion vertebrale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglion vestibulare
Synonym for vestibular ganglion ... A collection of bipolar nerve cell bodies forming a swelling on the vestibular part of the eighth nerve in the internal acoustic meatus; consists of a superior part and an inferior part connected by a narrow isthmus. ... Synonym: ganglion vestibulare, Scarpa's ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionated
Synonym for gangliate ... Gangliated ... Having ganglia. ... Synonym: ganglionated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionectomy
<procedure> Removal of an autonomic or sensory ganglion by any means. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglioneuroblastoma
A malignant neoplasm composed of nerve fibres and mature ganglion cells. It is regarded by many as a fully differentiated neuroblastoma.) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ganglioneuromatosis
The condition of having many widespread ganglioneuromas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic blockade
Inhibition of nerve impulse transmission at autonomic ganglionic synapses by drugs such as nicotine or hexamethonium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic blockers
Agents having as their major action the interruption of neural transmission at nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Because their actions are so broad, including blocking of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, their therapeutic use has been largely supplanted by more specific drugs. They may still be used in the control of …

ganglionic blocking agent
An agent that impairs the passage of impulses in autonomic ganglia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic crest
Synonym for neural crest ... A group of embryonic cells that separate from the neural plate during neurulation and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells: the spinal and autonomic ganglia, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and nonneuronal cells, such as chromaffin cells, melanocytes and some haemopoietic cells. ... ( …

ganglionic layer of cerebral cortex
Layer 5 of the cortex cerebri. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic layer of optic nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The inner layer of multipolar neurons in the retina consisting of the relatively large neurons that give rise to the fibres of the optic nerve. ... Synonym: stratum ganglionare nervi optici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic layer of retina
The intermediate layer of neurons in the retina composed largely of bipolar cells. ... Synonym: internal nuclear layer of retina, stratum ganglionare retinae, stratum nucleare internum retinae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic motor neuron
See: motor neuron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic saliva
Submaxillary saliva obtained by direct irritation of the gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionic stimulants
Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the non-specific cholinergi …

ganglionitis
1. Inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion. ... 2. Inflammation of a nerve ganglion. ... Synonym: gangliitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglionostomy
<procedure> Making an opening into a ganglion. ... Origin: Ganglion + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglioplegic
A pharmacologic compound that paralyzes an autonomic ganglion, usually for a relatively short period of time. ... Origin: Ganglion + G. Plege, stroke, shock ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangliosialidosis
Synonym for gangliosidosis ... Any disease characterised, in part, by the abnormal accumulation within the nervous system of specific gangliosides, e.g., GM2 gangliosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, caused by hexosaminidase A enzyme deficiency with accumulation of GM2 ganglioside ... Synonym: gangliosialidosis, ganglioside lipidosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglioside
<biochemistry> A glycosphingolipid that contains one or more residues of N acetyl or other neuraminic acid derivatives. ... Gangliosides are found in highest concentration in cells of the nervous system, where they can constitute as much as 5% of the lipid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ganglioside galactosyltransferase
<enzyme> Consider also EC 2.4.1.45 ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.62 ... Synonym: udpgalactose-n-acetylgalactosaminyl-(n-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide galactosyltransferase, udpgalactose-gm2 galactosyltransferase, ganglioside gm1 synthase, udpgalactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase, udp-galactose-gm2 gangliosidebeta-1-3-galacto …