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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

ganglioside lipidosis
Synonym for gangliosidosis ... Any disease characterised, in part, by the abnormal accumulation within the nervous system of specific gangliosides, e.g., GM2 gangliosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, caused by hexosaminidase A enzyme deficiency with accumulation of GM2 ganglioside ... Synonym: gangliosialidosis, ganglioside lipidosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ganglioside O-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Gd2 ganglioside is an acceptor for the above enzyme in human melanoma cells ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

gangliosidoses
<disease, neurology> Diseases, such as Tay Sachs, caused by inherited deficiency in enzymes necessary for the breakdown of gangliosides. ... Cause gross pathological changes in the nervous system, with devastating neurological symptoms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gangliosidosis
Any disease characterised, in part, by the abnormal accumulation within the nervous system of specific gangliosides, e.g., GM2 gangliosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, caused by hexosaminidase A enzyme deficiency with accumulation of GM2 ganglioside ... Synonym: gangliosialidosis, ganglioside lipidosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangliosidosis g(m1)
Form of gangliosidosis characterised by accumulation of g(m1) ganglioside and oligosaccharides, and caused by an absence or severe deficiency of beta-galactosidase a. The three phenotypes of g(m1) gangliosidosis are called infantile (generalised), juvenile, and adult (types 1, 2, and 3 respectively), referring to the age at which clinical manifesta …

gangosa
A destructive ulceration beginning on the soft palate and extending thence to the hard palate, nasopharynx, and nose, resulting in mutilating cicatrices. The disease, so far as is known, occurs only in certain portions of the tropics, especially the islands of the Pacific, and is generally regarded as a sequel to yaws. ... Origin: Sp. Gangoso, snuff …

gangrene
<pathology> Death of tissue, usually in considerable mass and generally associated with loss of vascular (nutritive) supply and followed by bacterial invasion and putrefaction. ... Compare: necrosis. ... Origin: L. Gangraena, Gr. Gangraina = an eating sore ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gangrenous
Relating to or affected with gangrene. ... Synonym: mortified. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangrenous appendicitis
Acute appendicitis with necrosis of the wall of the appendix, most commonly developing in obstructive appendicitis and frequently causing perforation and acute peritonitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangrenous cellulitis
Infection of soft tissue with anaerobes, usually including clostridia, producing extensive tissue necrosis. ... Synonym: necrotizing cellulitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangrenous emphysema
Synonym for gas gangrene ... <microbiology> A severe form of gangrene (tissue necrosis) caused by Clostridium infection. Also referred to as necrotising subcutaneous infection. ... Results in death of the subcutaneous tissues and muscle layers. ... See: necrotising fascitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

gangrenous pharyngitis
Gangrenous inflammation of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangrenous pneumonia
Gangrene of the lungs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangrenous rhinitis
See: cancrum nasi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gangrenous stomatitis
Stomatitis characterised by necrosis of oral tissue. ... See: noma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gannet
<ornithology> One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans. ... The common gannet of Europe and America (S. Bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula. ... Origin: OE. Gant, AS. Ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duc …

ganoblast
Synonym for ameloblast ... <cell biology> Columnar epithelial cells that secrete the enamel layer of teeth in mammals. Their apical surfaces are tapering Tomes processes) and are embedded within the enamel matrix. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ganoidei
<zoology> One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales. ... They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are …

Ganong, William
<person> U.S. Physiologist, *1924. ... See: Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ganser, Siegbert
<person> German psychiatrist, 1853-1931. ... See: Ganser's commissures, Ganser's syndrome, nucleus basalis of Ganser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ganser's commissures
Synonym for commissurae supraopticae ... The commissural fibres that lie above and behind the optic chiasm. ... Synonym: Ganser's commissures, Gudden's commissures, Meynert's commissures, supraoptic commissures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ganser's syndrome
<syndrome> A psychotic-like condition, without the symptoms and signs of a traditional psychosis, occurring typically in prisoners who feign insanity; e.g., such a person, when asked to multiply 6 by 4, will give 23 as the answer, or he will call a key a lock. ... See: malingering, factitious disorder. ... Synonym: nonsense syndrome, syndrome o …

Gant
Samuel, U.S. Surgeon, 1870-1944. ... See: Gant's clamp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gant's clamp
A right-angled clamp used in haemorrhoidectomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gantrisin
<chemical> An organic molecule with the chemical formula of C11H13N3O3S. It is used as to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gantry
A frame housing the X-ray tube, collimators, and detectors in a CT machine, with a large opening into which the patient is inserted; a mechanical support for mounting a device to be moved in a circular path. ... Origin: M.E., fr. O.Fr., fr. L. Cantherius, wooden frame, fr. G. Kanthelia, pack saddle, fr. Kanthos, pack ass ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gantzer
Carol F.L., 17th century German anatomist. ... See: Gantzer's accessory bundle, Gantzer's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gantzer's accessory bundle
Synonym for Gantzer's muscle ... <anatomy> An accessory muscle extending from the superficial flexor of the digits to the deep flexor of the digits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gantzer's muscle
<anatomy> An accessory muscle extending from the superficial flexor of the digits to the deep flexor of the digits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ganz, William
<person> U.S. Cardiologist, *1919. ... See: Swan-Ganz catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ganzfeld stimulation
Illumination of the entire retina in the electroretinogram. ... Origin: Ger. Ganzfeld, whole field ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gaol
A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the …

gap
A space in between two of the same objects, where part of a chain or object is missing, or where certain activities, processes, or events are lacking. A period of time characterised by a lack of activity, in between two events or within a continuous process. ... <genetics, molecular biology> A gap is a spot on a strand of DNA or RNA where a nu …

gap 1
In the somatic cell cycle, the gap that follows mitosis and is followed by synthesis in preparation for the next cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gap 2
In the somatic cell cycle, a pause between completion of synthesis and the onset of cell division. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gap arthroplasty
The surgical correction of ankylosis by creating a space between the ankylosed part of a joint and the portion for which movement is desired. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gap gene
<molecular biology> Segmentation genes involved in specifying relatively coarse subdivisions of the embryo. ... They are expressed sequentially in development between egg polarity genes and pair rule genes. In Drosophila, there are at least three such genes, for example Kruppel. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gap junction
<cell biology> A junction between two cells consisting of many pores that allow the passage of molecules up to about 900D. ... Each pore is formed by an hexagonal array (connexon) of six transmembrane proteins (connexins) in each plasma membrane: when mated together the pores open, allowing communication and the interchange of metabolites betw …

gap junctions
Connections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were first described anatomically as regions of close apposition between cells with a narrow (1-2 nm) gap between cell membranes. The variety in the properties of gap junctions is reflected in the number of connexins, the family of proteins which fo …

gap mutant
<molecular biology> A fruit fly of the genus Drosophila which is missing a number of adjacent segments because the segments failed to develop. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gap phenomenon
A short period in the cycle of the atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction allowing passage of an impulse which at other times would be blocked in transit. ... Synonym: excitable gap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

GAP protein
Synonym for GTPase activating protein ... <molecular biology> Originally purified as a 125 kD protein from bovine brain (1044 amino acids), stimulates the GTPase activity of ras p21 and thereby switches it to the inactive state. ... GAP may itself be regulated by phospholipids and by phosphorylation on a tyrosine residue by growth factor recept …

GAP-1 receptor tyrosine kinase
<enzyme> Similar to rasGTPase-activating proteins; inhibits signaling activity of let-60; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: gap-1 gene product, gap-1 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

gap-43 protein
A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in neurons during development and nerve regeneration. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, signal transduction, and neurotransmitter release. It is also a substrate of protein kinase c. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Gap1 period
The period of the cell cycle after cell division when there is synthesis of RNA and protein; it may last for a few hours in rapidly growing tissue or a lifetime in non-renewing cells such as nerve cells. ... Synonym: Gap1 phase, postmitotic phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gap1 phase
Synonym for Gap1 period ... The period of the cell cycle after cell division when there is synthesis of RNA and protein; it may last for a few hours in rapidly growing tissue or a lifetime in non-renewing cells such as nerve cells. ... Synonym: Gap1 phase, postmitotic phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gap2 period
The period in the cell cycle when synthesis of DNA is completed but before mitosis begins. ... Synonym: Gap2 phase, premitotic phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gap2 phase
Synonym for Gap2 period ... The period in the cell cycle when synthesis of DNA is completed but before mitosis begins. ... Synonym: Gap2 phase, premitotic phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gapes
A disease of young chickens, turkeys, and other birds caused by the gapeworm, Syngamus trachea, which localises in the trachea and causes gasping and choking; infection is either direct, by ingestion of infective eggs, or indirect, by ingestion of transport hosts such as land snails, slugs, or earthworms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gar
<zoology> Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. ... The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. ... <zoology> Gar pike, or Garpike, a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America. ... Origi …

garapata disease
<disease> Tick fever occurring in Spain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

garbage
Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. ... Origin: OE. Also garbash, perh. Orig, that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. Garber to make fine, neat, OHG. Garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. Garb dress; or perh. For garbleage, fr. G …

Garbe, William
<person> Canadian dermatologist, *1908. ... See: Sulzberger-Garbe disease, Sulzberger-Garbe syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

garden
1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables. ... 2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. 'I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy.' (Shak) ... Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, g …

gardner syndrome
<radiology> Autosomal dominant, adenomas leading to colon carcinoma (treatment: colectomy), periampullary carcinoma, soft-tissue lesions, sebaceous cysts, subcutaneous fibromas, leiomyomas, lipomas, bony lesions, osteomas (especially in sinuses), exostoses, cortical thickening, dental abnormalities (caries, extra teeth, odontomas) see: polypo …

Gardner-Diamond syndrome
Synonym for autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome ... <syndrome> A condition, usually occurring in women, in which the individual bruises easily (purpura simplex) and the ecchymoses tend to enlarge and involve adjacent tissues, resulting in pain in the affected parts; so-called because similar lesions are produced by inoculation of the indivi …

Gardner, Eldon
<person> U.S. Geneticist, *1909. ... See: Gardner's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gardner, F
<person> ... See: Gardner-Diamond syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gardner's syndrome
<syndrome> Multiple polyposis predisposing to carcinoma of the colon; also multiple tumours, osteomas of the skull, epidermoid cysts, and fibromas; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gardnerella
<bacteria> A bacterium also known either as Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus vaginalis or Corynebacterium vaginalis is a gram-negative organism found in 40% of asymptomatic women and children with no prior sexual contact. ... Known to be a common cause for vaginitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

gardnerella vaginalis
The only species in the genus gardnerella, and previously classed as haemophilus vaginalis. This bacterium, also isolated from the female genital tract of healthy women, is implicated in the cause of bacterial vaginosis (vaginosis, bacterial). It occasionally causes postpartum bacteraemia and bacteraemia following a transurethral resection of the p …

Gardnerella vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis ...

gareis-mason syndrome
<syndrome> An inherited (genetic) syndrome with characteristic features including (1) neurologically: mental retardation and aphasia (lack of speech); (2) limbs: adducted (clasped) thumbs, absent extensor pollicis longus and/or brevis muscles to the thumb, shuffling gait, and leg spasticity; (3) growth: small body size; (4) skeleton: lumbar l …

garfish
<zoology> A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. ... One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. Marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribbaeus, a very large species, …

gargantuan mastitis
An obsolete term for chronic inflammation of the breast with great enlargement of the gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

garget
1. The throat. ... 2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc, arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands. ... 3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. ... 4. <botany> See Poke. ... Origin: OE. Garget, gargate, throat, OF. Gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. Of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain. ... Sourc …

gargle
1. To rinse the fauces with fluid in the mouth through which expired breath is forced to produce a bubbling effect while the head is held far back. ... 2. A medicated fluid used for gargling; a throat wash. ... Origin: O. Fr. Fr. L. Gurgulio, gullet, windpipe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gargoyle cell
<pathology> Fibroblasts with large deposits of mucopolysaccharide, commonly found in storage diseases such as Hurler syndrome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

gargoylism
<radiology> (Hurler disease) mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I, autosomal recessive, dwarfism, kyphosis, long bones are short and thick, phalanges of hands: coarse texture, wide shafts, tapered proximal ends (especially metacarpals), hepatosplenomegaly, thick lips, large tongue, small teeth, J-shaped sella ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Gariel, Maurice
<person> French physician, 1812-1878. ... See: Gariel's pessary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gariel's pessary
A hollow inflatable rubber pessary made in the form of a ring or a pear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

garish
1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. 'The garish sun.' 'A garish flag.' . 'In . . . Garish colours.' . 'The garish day.' . 'Garish like the laughters of drunkenness.' (Jer. Taylor) ... 2. Gay to extravagance; flighty. 'It makes the mind loose and garish.' (South) Gar'ishly, Garishness. ... Origin: Cf. OE. Gauren to star …

garland
1. The crown of a king. ... 2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. ... 3. The top; the thing most prized. ... 4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology. 'They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under th …

Garland, Hugh
<person> British neurologist. ... See: Marinesco-Garland syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Garland, M
<person> U.S. Physician, 1848-1926. ... See: Garland's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Garland's triangle
A triangular area of relative resonance in the lower back near the spine, found in the same side as a pleural effusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

garlic
1. <botany> A plant of the genus Allium (A. Sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable. ... 2. A kind of jig or farce. Garlic mustard, a European pl …

garlic oil
A volatile oil from the bulb or entire plant of Allium sativum (family Liliaceae); contains diallyl disulfide and allyl propyl disulfide; has been used as an anthelmintic and rubefacient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

garnet
<chemical> A mineral having many varieties differing in colour and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest colour is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms …

Garre, Carl
<person> Swiss surgeon, 1857-1928. ... See: Garre's disease, Garre's osteomyelitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Garre's disease
Synonym for sclerosing osteitis ... Fusiform thickening or increased density of bones, of unknown cause; it has been considered a form of chronic nonsuppurative osteomyelitis. ... Synonym: condensing osteitis, Garre's disease. ... Osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystica, an osteitis of tuberculous origin, marked by numerous small cavities in the osseou …

Garre's osteomyelitis
Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis. A focal gross thickening of the periosteum with peripheral reactive bone formation resulting from mild infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

garrison
A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. ... A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison. ... Origin: OE. Garnisoun, F. Garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. Also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish. ... …

garrulous
1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. 'The most garrulous people on earth.' (De Quincey) ... 2. <ornithology, zoology> Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; said of birds; as, the garrulous roller. ... Synonym: Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. ... A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, wit …

garter
1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg. ... 2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself. ... 3. Same as Bendlet. Garter fish, one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eutaenia, of several speci …

gartner duct cyst
<radiology> Cyst in lateral wall of vagina, remnant of wolffian duct ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Gartner, August
<person> German physician, 1848-1934. ... See: Gartner's bacillus, Gartner's method, Gartner's vein phenomenon, Gartner's tonometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gartner, Herman
<person> Danish anatomist and surgeon, 1785-1827. ... See: Gartner's canal, Gartner's cyst, Gartner's duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gartner's bacillus
Synonym for salmonella enteritidis ... A serotype of salmonella enterica which is an aetiologic agent of gastroenteritis in man and other animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Gartner's cyst
A cyst of the principal duct in the vestigial structures of the paroophoron in the cervix or anterolateral vaginal wall, corresponding to the sexual portion of mesonephros in the male. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gartner's duct cyst
<gynaecology> A closed sac on or under the vaginal mucosa that contains fluid or semi-solid material. These may occur secondary to trauma. Treatment may include surgical excision. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Gartner's method
A method of measuring venous pressure, based upon Gartner's vein phenomenon; with the patient sitting erect, a vein is selected on the back of the hand which is held dependent, well below the level of the right atrium, and then is raised slowly; when the vein is observed to collapse, the distance between its level and that of the atrium is measured …

Gartner's tonometer
An apparatus for estimating the blood pressure by noting the force, expressed by the height of a column of mercury, needed to arrest pulsation in a finger encircled by a compressing ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gartner's vein phenomenon
Fullness of the veins of the arm and hand held below heart level and collapse at a certain variable distance above that level. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas
Origin: Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644. ... 1. An aeriform fluid; a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc, in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present …

gas abscess
An abscess containing gas caused by Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, or other gas-forming microorganisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas bacillus
Synonym for clostridium perfringens ... The most common aetiologic agent of gas gangrene. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

gas blanket
<radiobiology> A cold, dense volume of gas surrounding a hot plasma and used to protect a material wall from bombardment by hot ions (and its resultant sputtering and impurity production). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

gas cautery
Cautery by means of a measured amount of a lighted gas jet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

gas chromatography
<technique> A chromatographic technique (a type of column chromatography) in which the stationary phase is solid while the mobile phase is gaseous samples. ... The gaseous samples are separated based on their different adsorption ability to the solid phase. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...