Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

genes, structural, plant
DNA sequences that code for RNA and for the proteins required for the enzymatic and structural function of plant cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, structural, protozoan
DNA sequences that code for RNA and for the proteins required for the enzymatic and structural function of protozoan cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, structural, viral
DNA or RNA sequences that code for RNA and for the proteins required for the enzymatic and structural function of viral cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, suppressor
Genes that inhibit expression of a previous mutation. They allow the wild-type phenotype to be wholly or partially restored. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, suppressor, tumour
Genes that inhibit expression of the tumourigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumour suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and deregulated growth is possible. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, switch
Genes that cause the epigenotype (i.e., the interrelated developmental pathways through which the adult organism is realised) to switch to an alternate cell lineage-related pathway. Switch complexes control the expression of normal functional development as well as oncogenic transformation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, synthetic
Biologically functional sequences of DNA chemically synthesised in vitro. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, T-cell receptor
DNA sequences, in cells of the t-lymphocyte lineage, that code for T-cell receptors. The tcr genes are formed by somatic rearrangement (see gene rearrangement, t-lymphocyte and its children) of germline gene segments, and resemble ig genes in their mechanisms of diversity generation and expression. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, T-cell receptor alpha
DNA sequences encoding the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. The genomic organization of the tcr alpha genes is essentially the same in all species and is similar to the organization of ig genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, T-cell receptor beta
DNA sequences encoding the beta chain of the T-cell receptor. The genomic organization of the tcr beta genes is essentially the same in all species and is similar to the organization of ig genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, T-cell receptor delta
DNA sequences encoding the delta chain of the T-cell receptor. The delta-chain locus is located entirely within the alpha-chain locus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, T-cell receptor gamma
DNA sequences encoding the gamma chain of the T-cell receptor. The human gamma-chain locus is organised similarly to the tcr beta-chain locus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, tat
DNA sequences that form the coding region for the protein responsible for trans-activation of transcription (tat) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, vif
DNA sequences that form the coding region for the vif (virion infectivity factor) protein that is important for the generation of infectious virions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The former name of this gene was sor (short open reading frame). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, viral
The hereditary material of viruses, consisting in all DNA and some RNA viruses of a single molecule of nucleic acid, and in some RNA viruses of several separate pieces of RNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, vpr
DNA sequences that form the coding region for a trans-activator protein that specifies rapid growth in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Vpr is short for viral protein r, where r is undefined. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genes, vpu
DNA sequences that form the coding region for the HIV-1 regulatory protein vpu (viral protein u) that greatly increases the export of virus particles from infected cells. The vpu genes are not present in HIV-2 or siv. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genesial
Relating to generation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genesial cycle
The reproductive period of a woman's life. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genesiology
The branch of science concerned with generation or reproduction. ... Origin: G. Genesis, generation, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genesis
The beginning of a process. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

genetic
<biology> Pertaining to reproduction or to birth or origin. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic amplification
A process for producing an increase in pertinent genetic material, particularly for increasing the proportion of plasmid DNA to that of bacterial DNA. Includes the production of extrachromosomal copies of the genes for RNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic assimilation
<genetics> A situation in which a characteristic that is normally expressed only in certain environmental situations becomes fixed in a population so that it no longer requires environmental factors to be expressed. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic association
The occurrence together in a population, more often than can be readily explained by chance, of two or more traits of which at least one is known to be genetic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic block
<biochemistry, molecular biology> An obstruction in a biochemical pathway caused by a mutation that has crippled production of an enzyme critical to the pathway. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic burden
The genetic debt due to harmful mutation but as yet undischarged. (In a large population of fixed size every mutation with diminished genetic fitness will eventually become extinct and depending on the details of inheritance and phenotype must be paid for by a fixed number of genetic deaths per mutation, the genetic debt.) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic carrier
An unaffected heterozygote bearing a usually harmful recessive gene, a cancer that bears a dominant but latent age-dependent trait to have offspring with unbalanced karyotypes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic code
<molecular biology> Relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids in the polypeptide synthesised from it. A sequence of three nucleic acid bases (a triplet) acts as a codeword (codon) for one amino acid. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

genetic colonisation
<molecular biology> The process of a parasite (such as a virus) inserting genes into a host's genome which cause the host cell to synthesise products that are only useful to the parasite. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic complement
<biology, genetics> The set of chromosomes contained within any one particular cell. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic complementation
<genetics> The reappearance of wild-type characteristics in a cell or organism that has had two distinct mutations on the same chromosome. ... Two normal versions of two different mutant genes on different chromosomes affecting the same phenotype which, when inherited together, results in the wild-type phenotype despite the presence of mutant …

genetic complementation test
A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetic compound
Synonym for compound heterozygote ... In medical genetics, the presence of two different mutant alleles at the same loci. ... Synonym: genetic compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic counseling
<genetics> The genetic testing of couples who are planning to be parents in which their genomes are evaluated and they are given advice or information from a specialist regarding the likelihood of them having children with genetic diseases or defects. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic death
Death of the bearer of a gene at any age before generating living offspring. May be compatible with good health and long life. ... See: genetic lethal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic determinant
Any antigenic determinant or identifying characteristic, particularly those of allotypes. ... Synonym: genetic marker. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic disease
<biology, genetics> A disease, such as cystic fibrosis, that has its origin in changes to the genetic material, DNA. ... Usually refers to diseases that are inherited in a Mendelian fashion, although noninherited forms of cancer also result from DNA mutation. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic disequilibrium
A state in the genetic composition of a population which under selection may be expected to change toward an equilibrium or absorbing state. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic distance
<molecular biology> A way of measuring the amount of evolutionary divergence in two separated populations of a species by counting the number of allelic substitutions per locus that have cropped up in each population. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic diversity
<genetics> A property of a community of organisms of a certain species, in which members of the community have variations in their chromosomes due to a large number of slightly dissimilar ancestors, this property makes the community in general more resistant to diseases or to changing ecological conditions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic dominance
Denoting a pattern of inheritance of an autosomal mendelian trait due to a gene that always manifests itself phenotypically; generally, the phenotype in the homozygote is more severe than in the heterozygote, but details depend on what criterion of phenotyping is used. ... Dominance of traits, an expression of the apparent physiologic relationship e …

genetic drift
<genetics> The random change of the occurance of a particular gene in a population, genetic drift is thought to be one cause of speciation when a group oforganisms is separated from its parent population. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic engineering
<molecular biology, technique> General term covering the use of various experimental techniques to produce molecules of DNA containing new genes or novel combinations of genes, usually for insertion into a host cell for cloning. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetic engineering technologies
See: recombinant DNAtechnologies. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic equilibrium
A condition in which the rate of an allele's forward mutation is cancelled out by its rate of reverse mutation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic female
An individual with a normal female karyotype, including two X chromosomes, an individual whose cell nuclei contain Barr sex chromatin bodies, which are normally absent in males. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic fine structure
The study of genes on the level of their nucleotide sequences and what happens to their molecular structure at that level. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic fingerprint
Synonym for fingerprint ... 1. An impression of the inked bulb of the distal phalanx of a finger, showing the configuration of the surface ridges, used as a means of identification. ... See: dermatoglyphics, Galton's system of classification of fingerprints. ... 2. Term, sometimes used informally, referring to any analytical method capable of making f …

genetic fingerprinting
The process of comparing the nucleotide sequences of different DNA samples to find out if the samples are from the same individual or not. This is often used as a way to investigate crime, for example by comparing samples found at the crime scene with samples from the suspects. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic fitness
In a phenotype, the mean number of surviving offspring that it generates in its lifetime, usually expressed as a fraction or percentage of the average genetic fitness of the population. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic fixation
The increase of the frequency of a gene by genetic drift until no other allele is preserved in a specific finite population. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic heterogeneity
The presence of apparently similar characters for which the genetic evidence indicates that different genes or different genetic mechanisms are involved in different pedigrees. In clinical settings genetic heterogeneity refers to the presence of a variety of genetic defects which cause the same disease, often due to mutations at different loci on t …

genetic homeostasis
The tendency of a population to reach a point of genetic equilibrium and resist changes. ... Origin: Gr. Stasis = stoppage ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic human male
An individual with a karyotype containing a Y chromosome, an individual whose cell nuclei do not contain Barr sex chromatin bodies, which are normally present in females. Patients with ambiguous sexual development and those with Turner's syndrome are classed as genetic male's or genetic females according to the absence or presence of Barr bodies ev …

genetic identity
The relatedness of two populations as represented by the percentage of the genes they share. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic induction
The triggering of a specific gene by an inducer molecule (which acts directly or indirectly by affecting an RNA polymerase molecule). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic information
The heritable biological information coded in the nucleotide sequences of DNA or RNA (certain viruses), such as in the chromosomes or in plasmids. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic isolate
Synonym for isolate ... To separate from other persons, materials or objects. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

genetic lethal
A disorder that prevents effective reproduction by those affected; e.g., Klinefelter syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic linkage
<genetics> The term refers to the fact that certain genes tend to be inherited together, because they are on the same chromosome. Thus parental combinations of characters are found more frequently in offspring than nonparental. Linkage is measured by the percentage recombination between loci, unlinked genes showing 50% recombination. ... See: …

genetic load
<genetics> In general terms the decrease in fitness of a population (as a result of selection acting on phenotypes) due to deleterious mutations in the population gene pool. More specifically, the average number of recessive lethal mutations, in the heterozygous state, estimated to be present in the genome of an individual in a population. …

genetic locus
<genetics> The position of a gene in a linkage map or on a chromosome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

genetic map
Synonym for linkage map ... <genetics> A map of the relative positions of genetic loci on a chromosome, determined onthe basis of how often the loci are inherited together. Distance ismeasured in centimorgans (cM). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic mapping
Determination of the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule (chromosome or plasmid) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

genetic marker
A gene which has an easily identifiable phenotype so that one can tell apart cells or individuals which have the gene and those which do not have it. Such a gene can also be used as a probe to mark cell nuclei or chromosomes so that they can easily be isolated or identified from other nuclei or chromosomes later. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic markers
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetic material
A gene, a part of a gene, a group of genes, or fragments of many genes, on a molecule of DNA, a fragment of DNA, a group of DNA molecules, or fragments of many DNA molecules. Could refer to anything from a small fragment of DNA to the entire genome of an organism. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic model
A formalised conjecture about the behaviour of a heritable structure in which the component terms are intended to have literal interpretation as standard structures of empirical genetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic penetrance
The extent to which a genetically determined condition is expressed in an individual. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic polymorphism
The occurrence in the same population of multiple discrete alletic states of which at least two have high frequency (conventionally of 1% or more). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic psychology
A science dealing with the evolution of behaviour and the relation to each other of the different types of mental activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic recombination
<molecular biology> Formation of new combinations of alleles in offspring (viruses, cells or organisms) as a result of exchange of DNA sequences between molecules. It occurs naturally, as in crossing over between homologous chromosomes in meiosis or experimentally, as a result of genetic engineering techniques. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

genetic screening
The process of testing individuals to find out if they carry genes for certain known genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anaemia. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic techniques
Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetic testing
Synonym for DNA diagnostics ... Identifying foetuses or infants afflicted with hereditary diseases or conditions, and carriers of recessive disorders by means of DNA analysis. ... See: DNA markers, familial screening, prenatal screening. ... Synonym: genetic testing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetic toxicology
<study> This is the study of chemicals which can damage the genetic structure of living organisms (including humans) and thus cause problems such as mutations, cancer and birth defects. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic transformation
<molecular biology> Genetic change brought about by the introduction of exogenous DNA into a cell. ... See: transformation, germ line transformation, transfection. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

genetic variance
Within a population, the measure of how much of the variation of a particular phenotype is due to genotypic variation (as opposed to environmental factors. ... An example might be the height of a human as determined by genes inherited from the human's parents. ... See: environmental variance. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetic vectors
Plasmids, bacteriophages, or viruses used during recombinant DNA techniques that transport foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain a genetic marker to facilitate their selective recognition. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetical
<biology> Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development. ... See: genesis ... (27 Oct 1998) ...

genetically
<biology> In a genetical manner. ... (07 May 1998) ...

genetically significant dose
<physics, radiobiology> The genetically significant dose is that which, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same genetic injury to the population as do the actual doses received by the individuals irradiated. ... Thus, the genetically significant dose is the dose equivalent to the gonads weighted for …

geneticist
A specialist in genetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genetics
<study> The study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

genetics, behavioural
The experimental study of the relationship between the genotype of an organism and its behaviour. The scope includes the effects of genes on simple sensory processes to complex organization of the nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetics, biochemical
A branch of genetics which deals with the chemical structure of the genes and with the mechanisms by which the genes control and regulate the structure and synthesis of proteins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetics, medical
A field of human genetics which entails the reliable prediction of certain human disorders as a function of the lineage and/or genetic makeup of any two parents or potential parents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetics, microbial
A branch of genetics which deals with the genetic mechanisms and processes of microorganisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetics, population
The study of the genetic composition of populations and of the effects of factors such as selection, population size, mutation, migration, and genetic drift on the frequencies of various genotypes and phenotypes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

genetotrophic
Relating to inherited individual distinctions in nutritional requirements. ... Origin: G. Genesis, origin, + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genette
1. <zoology> One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch. ... The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape ge …

geneva
A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands. ... Origin: F. Genievre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. Geneivre juniper, fr. L. Juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. Jenever, fr. F. Genievre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor. ... The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bibl …

Geneva Convention
An international agreement formed at meetings in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1864 and 1906, relating (among medical subjects) to the safeguarding of the wounded in battle, of those having the care of them, and of the buildings in which they are being treated. The direct outcome of the first of these meetings was the establishment of the Red Cross Socie …

Geneva lens measure
A device for measuring the radii of the curvature of a spectacle lens. ... Synonym: lens clock. ... Origin: Geneva, Switzerland ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gengou phenomenon
An extension of the Bordet-Gengou phenomenon; noncellular antigens, when mixed with specific antibody, also fix alexin (complement). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Gengou, Octave
<person> French bacteriologist, 1875-1957. ... See: Gengou phenomenon, Bordet-Gengou potato blood agar, Bordet-Gengou bacillus, Bordet-Gengou phenomenon, Bordet and Gengou reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genial
1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. 'The genial bed.' 'Creator Venus, genial power of love.' (Dryden) ... 2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enli …

genial tubercle
Synonym for mental spine ... A slight projection, sometimes two, in the middle line of the posterior surface of the body of the mandible, giving attachment to the geniohyoid muscle (below) and the genioglossus (above). ... Synonym: spina mentalis, genial tubercle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

genicula
Plural of geniculum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...