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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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galactosylceramide sulfotransferase<enzyme> Models for the study of inborn errors of metabolism ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.11 ... Synonym: cerebroside sulfotransferase, galactocerebroside sulfotransferase, glycosphingolipid sulfotransferase, galcst, glycolipid sulfotransferase, galcer-st, galactosylceramide sulphotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
galactosylceramidesCerebrosides which contain as their polar head group a galactose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in beta-galactosidase, is the cause of galactosylceramide lipidosis or globoid cell leukodystrophy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
galactosyltransferases<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of galactose from a nucleoside diphosphate galactose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
galactotherapyTreatment of disease by means of an exclusive or nearly exclusive milk diet. ... Synonym: lactotherapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galacturonanA polysaccharide that yields galacturonic acid on hydrolysis; a constituent of some pectins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galanin<protein> Neuropeptide (29 amino acids) isolated from the upper small intestine of pig but subsequently found throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. Regulates gut motility and the activity of endocrine pancreas. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
GalantNikolay Fedorovich, Russian hygienist, *1893. ... See: Galant's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galant's reflexA deep abdominal reflex in which there is a contraction of the abdominal muscles on tapping the anterior superior iliac spine. ... Synonym: lower abdominal periosteal reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galanthamine<chemical> A cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used to reverse the muscular effects of gallamine and tubocurarine and has been studied as a treatment for alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, nootropic agents, parasympathomimetic. ... Chemical name: Galanthamine …
galaptin<protein> Soluble lectins of around 130-140 residues secreted by vertebrates. Developmentally regulated:seem to be important in differentiation of tissues. Larger, related lectin is known as MAC 2 antigen, CBP 35 or IgE binding protein. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Galassi's pupillary phenomenonSynonym for eye-closure pupil reaction ... A constriction of both pupils when an effort is made to close eyelids forcibly held apart. A variant of the pupil response to near vision. ... Synonym: Galassi's pupillary phenomenon, Gifford's reflex, lid-closure reaction, orbicularis phenomenon, orbicularis pupillary reflex, Piltz sign, Westphal's pupillar …
galaxyOrigin: F. Galaxie, L. Galaxias, fr. Gr. (sc. Circle), fr, milk; akin to L. Lac. CF. Lacteal. ... 1. <astronomy> The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has rec …
galbanumA gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish. ... Origin: L. Galbanum, Gr, …
gale1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests. ... Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ('moderate') to about eighty ('very heavy') miles an our. ... 2. A moderate current of air; a breeze. 'A little gale will soon disperse that cloud.' (Shak) 'And winds of gentlest gale …
galea1. <botany> The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower. ... 2. <surgery> A kind of bandage for the head. ... 3. Headache extending all over the head. ... 4. <paleontology> A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell. ... 5. <zoology> The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae …
galea aponeurotica<anatomy> A fibrous sheet or tendonous material which attaches the frontalis muscle to the occipitalis muscle over the skull. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
GaleatiDomenico, Italian physician, 1686-1775. ... See: Galeati's glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galeati's glandsSynonym for intestinal glands ... The tubular glands in the mucous membrane of the small and large intestines. ... Synonym: glandulae intestinales, Galeati's glands, intestinal follicles, Lieberkuhn's crypts, Lieberkuhn's follicles, Lieberkuhn's glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galeatomy<procedure> Incision of the galea aponeurotica. ... Origin: Galea + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
GaleazziRiccardo, Italian surgeon, 1886-1952. ... See: Galeazzi's fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galeazzi fracture<radiology> Fracture of the radius at the junction of the middle and distal thirds, with associated subluxation of the distal ulna see: forearm fractures ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Galeazzi's fracture<orthopaedics> A fracture of the forearm characterised by fracture of the shaft of the radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
galectin 1<protein> One of a family of galactoside binding proteins that has growth regulatory and immunomodulatory properties. ... Galectin 1 mediates cell cell and cell substratum adhesion. Recombinant galectin 1 will induce apoptosis in T-cells. Occurs as a homodimer which is cell surface associated. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Galen(GaleniusGalenos) ... Cla udius, Greek physician and medical scientist in Rome, c. 130-201 A.D. ... See: Galen's anastomosis, Galen's nerve, veins of Galen, great vein of Galen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galen's anastomosisSynonym for communicating branch of superior laryngeal nerve with recurrent laryngeal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Branch of internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve communicating with the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the wall of the laryngopharynx supplying sensory fibres to the latter. ... Synonym: ramus communicans nervi laryngei recurrenti …
Galen's nerveSynonym for communicating branch of superior laryngeal nerve with recurrent laryngeal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Branch of internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve communicating with the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the wall of the laryngopharynx supplying sensory fibres to the latter. ... Synonym: ramus communicans nervi laryngei recurrenti …
galena1. <medicine> A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. ... 2. <chemical> Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray colour and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage. False galena. See Blende. ... Origin: L. Galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. Galene sulphide of lea …
galenicRelating to Galen or to his theories. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galenical1. Usually cap: of or relating to Galen or his medical principles or method. ... 2. Constituting a galenical. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
galenicals1. Herbs and other vegetable drugs, as distinguished from the mineral or chemical remedies. ... 2. Crude drugs and the tinctures, decoctions, and other preparations made from them, as distinguished from the alkaloids and other active principles. ... 3. Remedies prepared according to an official formula. ... Origin: Claudius Galen ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galileanOf or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope. ... 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans. ... 2. One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; called also Gaulonite. ... 3. A Christian in general; used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans …
galilean invariance<physics> Principle which states that the fundamental laws of physics are the same in all inertial (uniform-velocity) frames of reference. ... When applied to Newtonian mechanics and the laws of electricity and magnetism, one can derive the special theory of relativity - especially if one is Einstein ! ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
gall1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. 'I am loth to gall a new-healed wound.' (Shak) ... 2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. 'They that are most galled with my folly, They most must …
gall ductAn obsolete term for bile duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gall, Franz<person> German-Austrian anatomist, 1758-1828. ... See: Gall's craniology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gall's craniologySynonym for phrenology ... 1. <study> The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain. ... 2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on …
gallaSynonym: nutgall. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallamine triethiodide<chemical> A synthetic nondepolarising blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of tubocurarine, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but m …
gallantryOrigin: F. Galanterie. ... 1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. 'Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . When the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver.' (Fuller) ... 2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry. ... 3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention …
GallavardinLouis, French physician, 1875-1957. ... See: Gallavardin's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gallavardin's phenomenonDissociation between the noisy and musical elements of the murmur of aortic stenosis, the musical element being better heard at the left sternal border and at the cardiac apex while the noisy element is better heard at the aortic area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallbladder<anatomy> A digestive organ which stores bile (produced in the liver), used in the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
gallbladder carcinoma<radiology> Females (80%), peak age 60 - 70 years of age, associated with, gallstones (60-90%), porcelain gall bladder ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gallbladder disease<gastroenterology, surgery> An inflammatory condition of the gallbladder that usually results from the presence of gallstones and repeated bouts of cholecystitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
gallbladder emptyingA process whereby bile is delivered from the gallbladder into the duodenum. The emptying is caused by both contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter mechanism at the choledochal terminus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gallbladder fossaSynonym for fossa for gallbladder ... A depression on the visceral surface of the liver anteriorly, between the quadrate and the right lobes, lodging the gallbladder. ... Synonym: fossa vesicae biliaris, gallbladder fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallbladder scan<investigation, radiology> A test that uses a radioactive tracer to look for bile duct obstruction or gallbladder inflammation. ... A special tracer is injected into a vein that tends to collect primarily in the liver. It is then excreted in the bile where it makes its way to the gallbladder. A gamma camera measures the tracer (radioactivity) …
Gallego's differentiating solutionA dilute solution of formaldehyde and acetic acid used in a modified Gram stain to differentiate and enhance the basic fuchsin binding to Gram-negative microorganisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galleryPl Galleries . [F. Galerie, It. Galleria, fr. LL. Galeria gallery, perh. Orig, a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. Galerie a rejoicing, fr. Galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant. ... 1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrow …
galleyOrigin: OE. Gale, galeie (cf. OF. Galie, galee, LL. Galea, LGr.; of unknown origin. ... 1. A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: A large vessel for war and national purposes; common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. ... A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by …
gallic<chemistry> Pertaining to, or containing, gallium. ... Origin: From Gallium. ... Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. ... <chemistry> Gallic acid, an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc, and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalli …
gallic acid<chemical> Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Gallie, William<person> Canadian surgeon, 1882-1959. ... See: Gallie's transplant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Gallie's transplantNarrow strips of the femoral fascia lata used for suture material. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
GalliformesAn order of birds embracing the pheasant, turkey, and chicken. ... Origin: L. Gallus, a cock, + forma, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallinae<ornithology> An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; sometimes called Rasores. ... Origin: L. Gallina a hen, gallus a cock. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...
gallinule<ornithology> One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula …
gallium<chemistry, element> A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86 F, 30C). ... The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This …
gallium isotopesStable gallium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element gallium, but differ in atomic weight. Ga-71 is a stable gallium isotope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gallium radioisotopesUnstable isotopes of gallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ga atoms with atomic weights 63-68, 70 and 72-76 are radioactive gallium isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gallium vs. indium<radiology> Advantages: Ga-67 citrate, readily available, no preparation, bone and soft-tissue infections, chronic inflammatory processes, In-111 WBCs, no bowel uptake, minimal or no uptake in healing wounds, images easier to interpret, high specificity for inflammatory process ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gallium-67A cyclotron-produced radionuclide with a half-life of 3.260 days and major gamma ray emissions of 93, 185, and 300 kiloelectron volts; used in the citrate form as a tumour-and inflammation-localizing radiotracer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallium-67 citrate<radiology> Analogue of ferric iron, decay: by electron capture to ground state of Zn-67, energy levels: 92 KeV (40%); 184 KeV (23%); 296 KeV (21%), physiological half life: 3.3 days (78 hr), biological half life: 2-3 weeks, binding sites: serum: transferrin, haptoglobin, albumin, globulins, tissue: lactoferrin, PMN's (viable and nonviable), …
gallium-68A positron emitter with a radioactive half-life of 1.130 hours. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallocyaninA blue phenoxazin dye, C15H13N2O5Cl, used as a stain for nucleic acids after boiling with chrome alum, and is applicable for quantitative cytophotometric determination of these moieties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallonA measure of capacity, containing four quarts; used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure. ... The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder o …
gallopA triple cadence to the heart sounds; due to an abnormal third or fourth heart sound being heard in addition to the first and second sounds, and usually indicative of serious disease. ... Synonym: bruit de galop, cantering rhythm, gallop rhythm, Traube's bruit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallop rhythmHeart rhythm like the gallop of a horse. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
gallop soundThe abnormal third or fourth heart sound which, when added to the first and second sound's, produces the triple cadence of gallop rhythm. ... See: gallop. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallopamil<chemical> Alpha-(3-((2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)methylamino)propyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetonitrile. Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (verapamil) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring. ... Pharmacological action: anti-arrhythmia agents, calcium channel blockers, vasodilator agents.
gallows
Origin: OE. Galwes, pl, AS. Galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. Galg gallows, OS. & OHG. Galgo, G. Galgen, Icel. Galgi, Sw. & Dan. Galge, Goth. Galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows. ... 1. A frame from w …
gallstone
<gastroenterology, surgery> A solid formation in the gallbladder composed of cholesterol and bile salts. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
gallstone colic
Synonym for biliary colic ... Intense spasmodic pain felt in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen from impaction of a gallstone in the cystic duct. ... Synonym: gallstone colic, hepatic colic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallstone ileus
Obstruction of the small intestine produced by passage of a gallstone from the biliary tract (usually the gallbladder as a result of cholecystitis) into the intestinal tract (usually by means of a fistulous connection between the gallbladder and the small intestine); occurrence and site of obstruction depend upon size of the stone, but the usual lo …
gallstones
<radiology> Cholesterol, most common, non-opaque, calcium bilirubinate (bilirubin), opaque, associated with haemolytic anaemia (SSD, spherocytosis, etc.), increased incidence with: 4 Fs: fat, female, fertile, flatulent, sickle cell disease (bilirubin), cirrhosis, Crohn disease, diabetes, pancreatic disease, hyperparathyroidism ... (12 Dec 1998 …
Gallus
A genus of gallinaceous birds including Gallus domestica, the domestic chicken. ... Origin: L. Gallus, a cock ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
gallus adeno-like virus
Synonym for GAL virus ... A virus with characteristics of adenovirus, not known to be associated with natural disease. ... Synonym: gallus adeno-like virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galoche chin
An abnormally narrow, protruding chin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galoshe
1. A clog or patten. 'Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche.' (Chaucer) ... 2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather. ... 3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg. ... Origin: OE. Galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F. Galoche galoche, perh. Altered fr. L. Gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. Calopedia wooden shoe …
GALT
<abbreviation> Gut-associated lymphoid tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galton, Sir Francis
<person> English scientist, 1822-1911. ... See: Galton's delta, Galton's system of classification of fingerprints, Galton's law, Galton's whistle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galton's delta
A more or less well-marked triangle, in a fingerprint, on either side where the straight ridges near the joint of the distal phalanx are succeeded by arches, loops, or whorls. ... See: Galton's system of classification of fingerprints. ... Synonym: triradius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galton's law
In a population mating at random, the progeny of a parent with an extreme value for a measurable phenotype will tend on average to have values nearer the population mean than in the extreme parent. ... See: law of regression to mean. ... Synonym: law of regression to mean. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galtonian
Attributed to or described by Sir Francis Galton. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galtonian genetics
The study of traits by analysis of the first two moments of metrical data; the preferred method for analysis of traits following the multivariate gaussian distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galtonian inheritance
Inheritance in which a measurable phenotype is generated by many loci, the contributions of which are statistically independent, additive, and of about equal value. (The latter are in accordance with the classical central limit therein and justify the use of the multivariate normal distribution in galtonian genetics). ... Synonym: polygenic inherita …
galtonian trait
A quantitative genetic trait due to contributions from many more of less equally important loci that resembles a continuous trait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galtonian-Fisher genetics
The genetics of measurable traits determined by multiple loci which make contributions that are independent, additive, and approximately equal. ... Synonym: multilocal genetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Galvani, Luigi
<person> Italian physician and anatomist, 1737-1798. ... See: galvanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galvanic
Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents. ... <physics> Galvanic battery, the voltaic pile. See Voltaic. ... Origin: From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. Galvan …
galvanic cautery
An obsolete term for electrocautery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galvanic cell
<chemistry> See voltaic cell ... (09 Jan 1998) ...
galvanic current
See: direct current, galvanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galvanic nystagmus
Nystagmus involving galvanic stimulation of the labyrinth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galvanic skin reaction
Synonym for galvanic skin response ... A change in electrical resistance of the skin, occurring in emotion and in certain other conditions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
galvanic skin reflex
Synonym for galvanic skin response ... A change in electrical resistance of the skin, occurring in emotion and in certain other conditions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
galvanic skin response
A change in electrical resistance of the skin, occurring in emotion and in certain other conditions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
galvanic threshold
Synonym for rheobase ... The minimal strength of an electrical stimulus of indefinite duration that is able to cause excitation of a tissue, e.g., muscle or nerve. ... See: chronaxie. ... Synonym: galvanic threshold. ... Origin: rheo-+ G. Basis, a base ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
galvanism
<physics> Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. ... The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents. ... The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, volta …
galvanization
Application of direct current (galvanic) electricity, as in galvanizing (electroplating). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
