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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

amenia
Rarely used term for amenorrhoea. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + men, month ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amenorrhea
Synonym for amenorrhoea ... <gynaecology> The absence or discontinuation or abnormal stoppage of the menstrual periods. ... Synonym: amenia. ... Origin: Gr. Men = month, rhoia = flow ... (14 May 1997) ...

amenorrhoea
<gynaecology> The absence or discontinuation or abnormal stoppage of the menstrual periods. ... Synonym: amenia. ... Origin: Gr. Men = month, rhoia = flow ... (14 May 1997) ...

amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome
<syndrome> Unphysiologic lactation from endocrinological causes or from a pituitary tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amenorrhoeal
Relating to, accompanied by, or due to amenorrhoea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amensalism
<biology> A type of symbiosis where two (or more) organisms from different species live in close proximity to one another, where one of the members suffers as a result of the relationship while the other is unaffected by it. ... (05 Feb 1998) ...

amential
Pertaining to amentia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

American Cancer Society
<address, organisation> ... American Cancer Society, National Headquarters, 1599 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. ... Tel: 00 1 404 320-3333 ... (05 Feb 1998) ...

american dental association
Professional society representing the field of dentistry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

american heart association
A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of heart and vascular diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

american hospital association
A professional society in the united states whose membership is composed of hospitals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

American Law Institute formulation
Used in certain jurisdictions to determine criminal responsibility in legal proceedings. ... See: criminal insanity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

American Law Institute rule
A test of criminal responsibility (1962): 'a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of law.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

american medical association
Professional society representing the field of medicine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

american nurses' association
Professional society representing the field of nursing. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

American Red Cross
The national Red Cross society of the United States, established by Congress to assist in caring for the sick and wounded, serving as a communications link between members of the U.S. Armed forces and their families, conducting disaster relief and prevention programs, and furnishing other humanitarian services, the largest of which is a network of …

american samoa
A group of islands of samoa, in the southwest central pacific. Its capital is pago pago. The islands were ruled by native chiefs until about 1869. An object of american interest beginning in 1839, pago pago and trading and extraterritorial rights were granted to the united states in 1878. The united states, germany, and england administered the isl …

American tarantula
Eurypelma hentzii, the Arkansas tarantula; although greatly feared, its bite is relatively uncommon and harmless to humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

American trypanosomiasis
Synonym for South American trypanosomiasis ... Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma (or Schizotrypanum) cruzi and transmitted by certain species of reduviid (triatomine) bugs. In its acute form, it is seen most frequently in young children, with swelling of the skin at the site of entry, most often the face, and regional lymph node enlargement; in …

americas
<geography> The general name for north america, central america, and south america unspecified or combined. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

americium
<chemical, element> Americium. A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. ... Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy. ... Ch …

amerism
The condition or quality of not dividing into parts, segments, or merozoites. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ameristic
Endowed with amerism; not dividing into parts or segments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ames assay
Synonym for Ames test ... <procedure> One of a number of procedures used to test substances for likely ability to cause cancer that combines the use of animal tissue to generate active metabolites of the substance with a test for mutagenicity in bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Ames test
<procedure> One of a number of procedures used to test substances for likely ability to cause cancer that combines the use of animal tissue to generate active metabolites of the substance with a test for mutagenicity in bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Ames, Bruce
<person> U.S. Molecular geneticist, *1928. ... See: Ames assay, Ames test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amethopterin
Synonym for aminopterin ... <drug> A folic acid analogue and inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. A potent cytotoxic agent used in the treatment of acute leukaemia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amethyst
1. <chemical> A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet colour, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone. Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire. ... 2. A purple colour in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms. ... Origin: F. Ametiste, amatiste, F. Ame …

ametria
<embryology, gynaecology> The congenital absence of the uterus. ... (05 Feb 1998) ...

ametriodinic acid
Synonym for iodamide ... <chemical> 3-acetamido-5-(acetamidomethyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid. An ionic monomeric contrast medium. ... Pharmacological action: contrast media. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 3-(acetylamino)-5-((acetylamino)methyl)-2,4,6-triiodo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ametropia
<ophthalmology> An optical condition in the eye where there is an error of refraction of light rays on the retina. ... (05 Feb 1998) ...

ametropic
<ophthalmology> Relating to, or suffering from, ametropia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AMI
Acute myocardial infarction (a heart attack). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amiable
1. Lovable; lovely; pleasing. ... 2. Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood; amiable ideas. ... 3. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc, which causes one to be liked; as, an amiable woman. ... Origin: F. Amiable, L. Amicabilis friendly, fr. Amicus friend, fr. Amare to love. Th …

amiantaceous
<dermatology> Asbestos-like; describing thin plates of inflammatory crusting of a cutaneous lesion. ... Origin: G. Amiantus, asbestos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amianthoid
Having a crystalline appearance like asbestos. ... Synonym: asbestoid. ... Origin: G. Amianthus, asbestos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amic
1. <chemistry> Related to, or derived from ammonia. Amic acid, one of a class of nitrogenised acids somewhat resembling amides. ... 2. <suffix> (-amic) Used mainly as a suffix denoting the replacement of one COOH group of a dicarboxylic acid by a carboxamide group (-CONH2); applied only to trivial names (e.g., succinamic acid). ... Origin …

amicrobic
<microbiology> Not microbic; not related to or caused by microorganisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amicroscopic
Synonym for submicroscopic ... <optics> Particles which, although visible in the ultramicroscope, are too small to be resolved by visible light. This places their size between 0.2 Lm and 0.005 Lm. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

amidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of monocarboxylic amides to free acid plus NH3; &omega;-amidase acts on amides such as alpha-ketoglutaramic acid and alpha-ketosuccinamic acid. ... Synonym: acylamidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amidases
Synonym for amidohydrolases ... <enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.5. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amidation site
<molecular biology> A C terminus consensus sequence, required for C terminus amidation of peptides. Consensus is glycine, followed by 2 basic amino acids (arg or lys). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amide
<biochemistry> An organic compound which contains a -CONH2 group. ... Any of the organic compounds produced when a hydrogen atom of ammonia (NH3) is replaced with a metal. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

amide linkage
<biochemistry> This is a carboxylic acid containing an amino group (-NH2). In an alpha amino acid, the amino group is attached to the carbon atom directly beside the carboxyl group. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

amide oximes
Synonym for amidoximes ... The oximes of amides with the general formula, R-C(NH2)-NOH. ... Synonym: amide oximes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amide synthases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the joining of either ammonia or an amide with another molecule, in which the linkage is in the form of a carbon-nitrogen bond. ... Registry number: EC 6.3.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amides
Organic compounds containing the -co-nh2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -oh by -nh2 or from ammonia by the replacement of h by an acyl group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amidine
The monovalent radical -C(NH)-NH2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amidine-lyases
<enzyme> These enzymes catalyze the elimination of ammonia from amidines with the formation of a double bond. ... Registry number: EC 4.3.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amidinohydrolase
<enzyme> Enzymes cleaving linear amidines; e.g., arginase, creatinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amidinotransferase
<enzyme> A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amidino group from one compound to another. ... Registry number: EC 2.1.4. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amido
1. <prefix> Containing, or derived from, amidogen, or denoting the amide radical, R-CO-NH-or R-SO2-NH-, etc. ... 2. <chemistry> Amido acid, an acid in which a portion of the nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the amido group. The amido acids are both basic and acid. Amido group, amidogen, NH2. ... Origin: From Amide. ... Source: Webster …

amido black
<chemical> 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-((4-nitrophenyl)azo)-6-(phenylazo)-2,7- naphthalenedisulfonic acid disodium salt. A dye used to stain proteins in electrophoretic techniques. It is used interchangeably with its acid form. ... Pharmacological action: dyes. ... Chemical name: 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-((4-nitrophenyl)azo)- …

amido black 10B
An acid diazo dye, C12H14N6O9S2Na2, used as a connective tissue stain, for staining protein in paper chromatography, and in electrophoresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amidohydrolases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.5. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amidonaphthol red
An azo dye, C18H13N3S2Na2, used in light and fluorescence microscopy as a real acid counterstain. ... Synonym: azophloxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amidophosphoribosyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme, involved in the early steps of purine nucleotide biosynthesis, that catalyses the formation of 5-phosphoribosylamine from glutamine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. ... Chemical name: 5-Phosphoribosylamine:pyrophosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating) ... Registry number: EC 2.4.2.14 ... (12 Dec 1998) …

amidopyrine
Synonym for aminopyrine ... <chemical> A drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but, owing to the risk of agranulocytosis, whose use is discouraged. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. ... Chemical name: 3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl- ... (12 Dec 1 …

Amidostomum anseris
A species of bloodsucking nematodes, similar to those of the genus Trichostrongylus, that parasitises the gizzard and sometimes also the proventriculus and oesophagus of domestic and wild ducks and geese; it causes heavy mortality in young birds. ... Origin: amido-+ G. Stoma, mouth, + L. Anser, goose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amidoximes
The oximes of amides with the general formula, R-C(NH2)-NOH. ... Synonym: amide oximes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amidoxyl
The radical of an amide oxime (amidoxime), the terminal H (of the NOH) having been lost. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amifostine
<chemical> 2-((3-aminopropyl)amino)ethanethiol dihydrogen phosphate (ester). A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia. ... Pharmacological action: radiation-protective agents. ... Chemical name: Ethanethiol, 2-((3-aminopropyl)amino)-, dihydrogen phosphate (ester) …

amikacin
<chemical> O-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-o-(6-amino-6-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-n(1)-(4-amino-2-hydroxy-1-oxobutyl)-2-deoxy-d-streptamine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from kanamycin. It is reno- and ototoxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, aminoglycoside. ... …

amikacin sulfate
An aminoglycoside antibiotic agent with antimicrobial activity similar to that of kanamycin; also effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amiloride
<drug> A drug that blocks sodium/proton antiport, used clinically as a potassium sparing diuretic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amiloride hydrochloride
N-Amidino-3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazinecarboxami de monohydrochloride dihydrate;a non-steroidal compound exerting an effect similar to that of an aldosterone inhibitor, i.e., urinary sodium excretion is enhanced and potassium excretion is reduced; a potassium sparing diuretic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amimia
1. Inability to express ideas by nonverbal communication, such as gestures or signs. ... 2. Asymbolia; the inability to comprehend the meaning of gestures, signs, symbols, or pantomime. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + minos, a mimic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aminacrine
<chemical> Highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as intracellular pH indicator. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, local, fluorescent dyes, indicators and reagents, mutagens. ... Chemical name: 9-Acridinamine …

aminacrine hydrochloride
Bactericidal agent for external use. ... See: acridine yellow. ... Synonym: 5-aminoacridine hydrochloride, 9-aminoacridine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aminate
To combine with ammonia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amination
The creation of an amine, either by addition of an amino group to an organic acceptor compound or by reduction of a nitro compound. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amine
<biochemistry> An organic compound containing nitrogen, any member of a group of chemical compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more of the hydrogen atoms by organic (hydrocarbon) radicals. ... The amines are distinguished as primary, secondary and tertiary, according to whether one, two or three hydrogen atoms are replaced. T …

amine oxidase
<enzyme> A group of enzymes including those oxidizing primary monoamines, diamines, and histamine. ... They are copper proteins, and, as their action depends on a carbonyl group, they are sensitive to inhibition by semicarbazide. ... Chemical name: Amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)(copper-containing) ... Registry number: EC 1.4.3.6 ... (1 …

amine oxidase (copper-containing)
An oxidoreductase containing copper, and perhaps pyridoxal phosphate, and carrying out the same reaction as amine oxidase (flavin-containing). ... Synonym: amine oxidase (pyridoxal-containing), diamine oxidase, diamino oxyhydrase, histaminase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amine oxidase (flavin-containing)
An oxidoreductase containing flavin and oxidizing amines with the aid of O2 and water to aldehydes or ketones with the release of NH3 and H2O2. Acted upon by antidepressants. ... Synonym: adrenaline oxidase, diamine oxidase, monoamine oxidase, tyraminase, tyramine oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amine oxidoreductases
<enzyme> Enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of secondary amines, introducing a c=n double bond as the primary reaction. In some cases this is later hydrolyzed. ... Registry number: EC 1.5. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amine sulfotransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses reversibly the reaction of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate and an arylamine to yield adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate and an arylsulfamate ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.3 ... Synonym: aniline sulfotransferase, arylamine sulfotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

amine tetrazolium reductase
<enzyme> Tetrazolium salts as hydrogen acceptors ... Registry number: EC 1.4.- ... Synonym: tryptamine dehydrogenase, monoamine tetrazolium reductase, monoamine dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aminergic
Relating to nerve cells or fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amines
A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid
<biochemistry> A class of organic molecules that containing an amino group and can combine in linear arrays to form proteins in living organisms. ... There are twenty common amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspargine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, p …

amino acid activating enzyme
Synonym for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ... <enzyme> Enzymes catalyzing the formation of a specific aminoacyl-tRNA from an amino acid and adenosine 5'-triphosphate with the concomitant formation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and pyrophosphate. ... Synonym: amino acid activating enzyme, aminoacyl-tRNA ligases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amino acid activation
The first step of protein synthesis, whereby an amino acid reacts with adenosine triphosphate in the presence of aminoacyl RNA synthetase to produce an amino acid adenylate, which provides the energy necessary for the attachment of the amino acid to a specific transfer RNA molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid analysis
Determination and identification of amino acid content of a macromolecule, identification of a specific amino acid in macromolecules, often a mutated protein, identification and quantitation of amino acid content in blood plasma or urine; a key diagnostic aid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amino acid chloromethyl ketones
<chemical> Inhibitors of serine proteinases and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating agents and are known to interfere in the translation process. ... Pharmacological action: alkylating agents, protein synthesis inhibitor, serine proteinase inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid dehydrogenases
Enzymes catalyzing the oxidative deamination of amino acids to the corresponding oxo (keto) acids; two relatively non-specific varieties exist, l and d, for which l-amino acids and d-amino acids are the respective substrates; the products include NH3 and a reduced hydrogen acceptor (NADH in the l case); amino acid dehydrogenases of greater specific …

amino acid isomerases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze either the racemization or epimerization of chiral centres within amino acids or derivatives. ... Registry number: EC 5.1.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid naphthylamidases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.4.11. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid neurotransmitters
Amino acids released by neurons as intercellular messengers. Among the amino acid neurotransmitters are glutamate (glutamic acid) and gaba which are, respectively, the most common excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid oxidases
Flavoenzymes oxidizing, with O2 and H20, either l-or d-amino acids specifically, to the corresponding 2-keto acids, NH3 and H2O2. ... Compare: amino acid dehydrogenases, yellow enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amino acid oxidoreductases
<enzyme> A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids. ... Registry number: EC 1.4. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid permease
<enzyme> A widely distributed group of large Integral membrane proteins, required for the entry of amino acids into cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amino acid reagent
A reagent used in the identification and quantification of amino acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amino acid receptor
<biochemistry> Ligand gated ion channels with specific receptors for amino acid transmitters. An extended protein superfamily that also includes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amino acid sequence
The sequence of amino acids as arrayed in chains, sheets, etc., within the protein molecule. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acid substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more amino acids in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activit …

amino acid transmitter
<biochemistry> Amino acids released as neurotransmitter substances from nerve terminals and acting on postsynaptic receptors for example _ aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine that are fast inhibitory transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. ... Glutamate and aspartate mediate fast excitatory transmission. Strychnine (for glycine) …

amino acids
Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-nh2) and a carboxyl (-cooh) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerised to form proteins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acids, branched-chain
Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amino acids, cyclic
A class of amino acids characterised by a closed ring structure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...