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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


allopregnane
Original name for 5alpha-pregnane. ... See: pregnane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopsychic
Denoting the mental processes in their relation to the outer world. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Psyche, mind ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopurinol
<drug> A xanthine oxidase inhibitor used in the treatment of gout. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allorhythmia
An irregularity in the cardiac rhythm that repeats itself any number of times. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Rhythmos, rhythm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allorhythmic
Relating to or characterised by allorhythmia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allose
C6H12O6;an aldohexose. D-Allose is epimeric with d-glucose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allosensitization
Exposure to an alloantigen that induces immunological memory cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allosome
<genetics> One or more chromosomes that can be distinguished from autosomes by their morphology and behaviour. ... Synonym: accessory chromosome, heterochromosome, sex chromosome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allosteric
<biochemistry, chemistry> Of a binding site in a protein, usually an enzyme. ... The catalytic function of an enzyme may be modified by interaction with small molecules, not only at the active site, but also at a spatially distinct (allosteric) site of different specificity. ... Of a protein, a protein possessing such a site. An allosteric effe …

allosteric enzyme
<biochemistry, chemistry> A regulatory enzyme whose activity is modified by the noncovalent binding of a particular metabolite at a site (the allosteric site) other than the active site. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allosteric site
A specific site on a multi-subunit enzyme or other protein that is not the substrate binding site, but that when reversibly bound by an effector, induces a conformational change in the protein, altering its catalytic or binding properties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allosterism
The influencing of an enzyme activity, or the binding of a ligand to a protein, by a change in the conformation of the protein, brought about by the binding of a substrate or other effector at a site (allosteric site) other than the active site of the protein. ... Compare: cooperativity, hysteresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allostery
A phenomenon in which a small ligand binds to a receptor site ona protein, changes the shape of the protein and thus changes the specificityof a second site (either anotherreceptor or an enzyme activesite) on that protein. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allotetraploid
Synonym for alloploid ... Relating to a hybrid individual or cell with two or more sets of chromosomes derived from two different ancestral species; depending on the number of multiples of haploid sets, alloploid's are referred to as allodiploids, allotriploids, allotetraploids, allopentaploids, allohexaploids, etc. ... See: heterokaryon. ... Origin: …

allotherm
Synonym for poikilotherm ... <biology, zoology> An organism, such as a fish or reptile, that is cold-blooded, i.e., one whose internal body temperature varies with that of the environment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allothreonines
Two of the four diastereoisomers of threonine, differing from the l-and d-threonines in the configuration of the hydroxyl group in the side chain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotope
<immunology> The structural region of an antigen that distinguishes it from another allotype of that antigen. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

allotopia
Synonym for dystopia ... Faulty or abnormal position of a part or organ. ... Synonym: allotopia, malposition. ... Origin: dys-+ G. Topos, place ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotransplantation
Transplantation of an allograft. ... Synonym: homotransplantation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotrichia circumscripta
Synonym: woolly-hair nevus. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Thrix, hair, + L. Circumscriptio, a boundary ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotriodontia
1. Growth of a tooth in some abnormal location. ... 2. Transplantation of teeth. ... Origin: G. Allotrios, foreign, + odous (odont-), tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotriogeustia
Perverted taste for innutritious or unusual substances. ... Origin: G. Allotrios, foreign, + geusis, taste ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotriosmia
Incorrect recognition of odours. ... Synonym: heterosmia. ... Origin: G. Allotrios, foreign, + osme, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotriploid
See: alloploid. ... Origin: allo + triploid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotrope
<chemistry> Any individual structural form of an element which comes in at least two different structural types. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allotrophic
Having an altered nutritive value. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotropic
1. Relating to allotropism. ... 2. Denoting a type of personality characterised by a preoccupation with the reactions of others. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotropic personality
See: allotropic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotropism
The existence of certain elements, in several forms differing in physical properties; e.g., carbon black, graphite, and diamond are all pure carbon. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Tropos, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotropy
<chemistry> The property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct in their physical or chemical relations. ... Thus, carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons and other related forms, in a state of extreme hardness, in the diamond; it occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little hardness, in black lead; and again occurs in a third …

allotype
<genetics> Products of one or more alleles that can be detected as inherited variants of a particular molecule. ... Usually the usage is restricted to those immunoglobulins that can be separately detected antigenically. ... In humans light chain allotypes are known as Km (Inv) allotypes and heavy chain allotypes as Gm allotypes. ... See: idiotyp …

allotypic
Pertaining to an allotype. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotypic determinants
Antigenic determinant's of allotypes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allotypic marker
Synonym: allotype. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allowance
1. Approval; approbation. ... 2. The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or admitting; authorisation; permission; sanction; tolerance. 'Without the king's will or the state's allowance.' (Shak) ... 3. Acknowledgment. 'The censure of the which one must in your allowance o'erweigh a whole theater of others.' (Shak) ... 4. License; indulgence. ... 5. Th …

alloxan
<chemical> Used to produce diabetes mellitus in experimental animals. Destroys beta cells in the pancreas by a mechanism involving superoxide production. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

alloxazine
Isomer of isoalloxazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloxuraemia
The presence of purine bases in the blood. ... Origin: alloxan + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloxuria
The presence of purine bodies in the urine. ... Origin: alloxan + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloy
<chemistry> A substance made from a mixture of a metal and one or more other metals or non-metallic elements. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alloys
A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allozyme
<biochemistry> Variant of an enzyme coded by a different allele. ... See: isoenzyme. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allspice
The berry of the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as, the Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus); …

allspice oil
pimenta oil ...

allulose
An obsolete term for psicose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alluvial
Relating to something in streams and rivers or created/deposited by stream action. ... Describes materials deposited by running water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alluvion
1. Wash or flow of water against the shore or bank. ... 2. An overflowing; an inundation; a flood. ... 3. Matter deposited by an inundation or the action of flowing water; alluvium. 'The golden alluvions are there [in California and Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are sc …

ally
1. To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy; often followed by to or with. 'O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied.' (Pope) ... 2. To connect or form a relation between by similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love. 'These three did love each other d …

allyl alcohol
CH2==CHCH2OH; 2-propenol;a colourless liquid of pungent odour used in making resins and plasticisers; highly irritating to mucous membranes and readily absorbed, causing depression and coma. ... Synonym: vinyl carbinol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allyl cyanide
CH2==CHCH2CN; 3-butenenitrile;found in some mustard oils. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allyl isothiocyanate
CH2==CH-CH2-NCS; volatile mustard CH-allylisosulfocyanate; isothiocyanic allyl ester;obtained from Brassica nigra or produced synthetically; a vesicant, used in 10% solution in 50% alcohol as a counterirritant in neuralgia. Gives mustard its characteristics flavor and aroma. ... See: mustard oil. ... Synonym: volatile mustard oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

allyl sulfide
diallyl sulfide; thioallyl ether; oil garlic; a constituent of garlic oil used in the manufacture of flavours. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allylamine
<chemical> Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for vascular smooth muscle cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation. ... Chemical name: 2-Propen-1-amine ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allylbarbital
Synonym for butalbital ... 5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid;a barbiturate of intermediate duration of action; a sedative and hypnotic. ... Synonym: allylbarbital. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allylestrenol
<chemical> 17-allylestr-4-en-17 beta-ol. A synthetic steroid with progestational activity. ... Pharmacological action: progestational hormones, synthetic. ... Chemical name: Estr-4-en-17-ol, 17-(2-propenyl)-, (17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allylglycine
<chemical> An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of gaba. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. ... Pharmacological action: convulsants, gaba antagonists. ... Chemical name: 4-Pentenoic acid, 2-amino- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allylisopropylacetamide
<chemical> Chemical name: 4-Pentenamide, 2-(1-methylethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allylmercaptomethylpenicillin
Synonym for penicillin O ... <drug> A drug produced by growing the mold in a medium containing allylmercaptomethylacetic acid; also available as the potassium and sodium salts. ... Synonym: allylmercaptomethylpenicillin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allysines
Two or more six-carbon alpha-amino acids connected by a carbon-carbon bond; constituents of connective tissue and other structural elements. ... See: desmins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

almanacs
Publications, usually annual, containing a calendar for the coming year, the times of such events and phenomena as anniversaries, sunrises, sunsets, phases of the moon, tides, meteorological, and other statistical information and related topics. Almanacs are also annual reference books of useful and interesting facts relating to countries of the wo …

Almeida, Floriano Paulo de
<person> Brazilian physician, *1898. ... See: Almeida's disease, Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Almeida's disease
<microbiology> A chronic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. ... It is characterised by primary pulmonary lesions with dissemination to many visceral organs. ... Common findings include ulcerative granuloma lesions to the buccal mucosa (inner lining of the cheek) and nasal mucosa that extend to the surrounding skin. Genera …

Almen, August Teodor
<person> Swedish physiologist, 1833-1903. ... See: Almen's test for blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Almen's test for blood
Glacial acetic acid, gum guaiac solution, and hydrogen peroxide are added to an aqueous suspension of the suspected stain; if occult blood or blood pigment is present, a blue colour develops. ... Synonym: guaiac test, Schonbein's test, van Deen's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

almitrine
<chemical> 6-(4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl)-n,n'-di-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients …

almond
1. The fruit of the almond tree. ... The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled, thick-shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different varieties of the one species, Amygdalus communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western Asia. ... 2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree. ... 3. Anything shaped like an almond.< …

almond nucleus
Synonym for amygdaloid body ... Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, within the temporal lobe. The amygdala is part of the limbic system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

almond oil
A fixed oil expressed from sweet almonds, the kernels of varieties of Prunus amygdalus; used in ointments. ... Bitter almond oil, a volatile oil from the dried ripe kernels of bitter almonds and from other kernels containing amygdalin; it contains between 2 and 4% of hydrocyanic acid and 95% of benzaldehyde. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

almshouses
Privately endowed or public charities or institutions receiving and supporting the aged or infirm poor. They sometimes functioned as centres of health care before the establishment of formal hospitals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

almucantar
<astronomy> A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same almucantar have the same altitude. See Almacantar. Almucanter staff, an ancient instrument, having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its risi …

aloe
<botany> The dried juice from the leaves of plants of the genus Aloe (family Liliaceae), from which are derived aloin, resin, emodin and volatile oils, also used in some laxatives as a purgative, often added to topical cosmetics. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aloe-emodin
1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone; 3-hydroxymethylchrysazin;the trimethyl ether of emodin; used as a laxative. ... See: aloin, emodin. ... Synonym: rhabarberone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alogia
Inability to speak due to mental deficiency or an episode of dementia. ... Synonym: aphasia. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + logos, speech ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia
1. <dermatology> Baldness, absence of the hair from skin areas where it normally is present. ... 2. <oncology> Hair loss as a result of chemotherapy or radiation therapy administered to the head. Hair loss from chemotherapy is temporary. Hair loss from radiation is usually permanent. ... Origin: Gr. Alepekia = a disease in which the hair …

alopecia adnata
Underdevelopment of the lashes. ... See: alopecia congenitalis. ... Synonym: madarosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia areata
<dermatology> A patchy baldness usually of a temporary nature. Cause unknown but anxiety and stress are common precipitating factors. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alopecia cicatrisata
Synonym: scarring alopecia. ... Origin: L. Cicatrix, cicatricis, scar + suffix -al, characterised by ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia congenitalis
Absence of all hair at birth, associated with psychomotor epilepsy; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: congenital baldness, hypotrichiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia disseminata
Loss of hair from all parts of the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia leprotica
Thinning or total loss of the lateral third of the eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hairs, seen in leprosy; loss of scalp hair is rare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia marginalis
Hair loss at the hair line, a condition most commonly seen in blacks; commonly transient and caused by chronic traction, although long-continued traction may cause permanent alopecia. ... Synonym: alopecia liminaris frontalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia medicamentosa
Diffuse hair loss, most notably of the scalp, caused by administration of various types of drugs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia mucinosa
Follicular mucinosis with alopecia appearing in areas of erythema and oedema in the bearded portion of the face or in the scalp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia pityrodes
A loss of hair, of the body as well as of the scalp, accompanied by an abundant branlike desquamation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia presenilis
Ordinary or common baldness occurring in early or middle life without any apparent disease of the scalp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia senilis
The normal loss of scalp hair in old age. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia symptomatica
Alopecia occurring in the course of various constitutional or local diseases, or following prolonged febrile illness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia syphilitica
Moth-eaten alopecia of secondary syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia totalis
Total loss of hair of the scalp either within a very short period of time or from progression of localised alopecia, especially alopecia areata. ... Compare: alopecia universalis. ... Synonym: alopecia capitis totalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia toxica
Hair loss attributed to febrile illness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia triangularis
Bilateral receding temporal hair lines in male pattern alopecia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia triangularis congenitalis
A congenital triangular patch of baldness on the frontal or temporal region of the scalp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecia universalis
Total loss of hair from all parts of the body. ... Compare: alopecia totalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alopecic
Relating to alopecia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alouatta
A genus of the subfamily alouattinae, family cebidae, composed of six species. They are a. Belzebul (black and red howler), a. Caraya (black howler), a. Fusca (brown howler), a. Palliata (mantled howler), a. Seniculus (red howler), and a. Villosa (also known as a. Pigra; guatemalan howler). They inhabit the forests of central and south america. How …

alouattinae
A subfamily of cebidae inhabiting the forests of central and south america. The genus alouatta, or howler monkeys, belongs to this subfamily of new world monkeys. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aloxiprin
A condensation product of aluminum oxide and aspirin, used as an analgesic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alp
1. A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc. 'Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp.' (Milton) 'Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps arise.' (Pope) ... 2. Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted. ... The plural form Alps is s …

Alp protease
<enzyme> Gene alpa (previously called alp) does not encode its components, although is involved with its activity ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alpaca
1. <zoology> An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama. ... 2. Wool of the alpaca. ... 3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton. ... Origin: Sp. Alpaca, fr. The original Peruvian name of the animal. Cf. Paco.