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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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amino acids, peptides, and proteinsAmino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
amino acyl-tRNA ligases<enzyme> Any of the group of ligases that catalyses the ATP-driven formation of a bond between an amino acid and a tRNA, activating the amino acids as a step in protein synthesis. Individual enzymes are highly specific for one amino acid and for any tRNA corresponding to that amino acid. ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
amino alcoholsCompounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-oh) and an amino group (-nh2). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
amino group<biochemistry> An -NH2 group. Organic compounds which have this group are called amines. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
amino sugar<biochemistry> Monosaccharide in which an OH group is replaced with an amino group, often acetylated. Common examples are D galactosamine, D glucosamine, neuraminic acid, muramic acid. Amino sugars are important constituents of bacterial cell walls, some antibiotics, blood group substances, milk oligosaccharides and chitin. ... (18 Nov 1997)
amino sugars
Sugar's in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino group; e.g., d-glucosamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
amino-
<prefix> Prefix denoting a compound containing the radical, -NH2. ... Origin: an(monia) + in(e) + -o- ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
amino-terminal
<biochemistry> The end of a protein or polypeptide chain with the unattached amino group or the aminoacyl residue containing it. ... Each amino acid in the chain has an amino group on one side, which is attached to the carboxyl group (COOH group) of the previous amino acid, and a carboxyl group on the other side (which is attached to the amino …
amino-terminal residue
<biochemistry> The only amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain that has a free alpha-amino group, it defines the amino terminus of the polypeptide. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
aminoacetic acid
Synonym for glycine ... <amino acid, physiology> The simplest amino acid. It is a common residue in proteins, especially collagen and elastin and is not optically active. ... It is also a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord and brainstem of vertebrate central nervous system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
aminoacetonitrile
<chemical> Cyanomethylamine. ... Chemical name: Acetonitrile, amino- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminoacid-tRNA ligases
Recommended name for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, e.g., tyrosine-tRNA ligase for tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoacidemia
The presence of excessive amounts of specific amino acids in the blood. ... Origin: amino acid + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoaciduria
Excretion of amino acids in the urine, especially in excessive amounts. ... Synonym: hyperaminoaciduria. ... Origin: amino acid + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoaciduria, renal
Impairment of renal tubular transport of amino acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminoacridines
Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminoacyl
The radical formed from an amino acid by removal of OH from a COOH group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoacyl adenylate
The product formed by the condensation of the acyl radical of an amino acid and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (originally in the form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, with elimination of a pyrophosphoric group). Formed in the first step of protein biosynthesis. ... Synonym: activated amino acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoacyl-tRNA
<molecular biology> The name of the complex created when a tRNA molecule is attached to its specific amino acid and ready to participate in protein synthesis. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
<enzyme> Enzymes catalyzing the formation of a specific aminoacyl-tRNA from an amino acid and adenosine 5'-triphosphate with the concomitant formation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and pyrophosphate. ... Synonym: amino acid activating enzyme, aminoacyl-tRNA ligases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoacylase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing hydrolysis of a wide variety of N-acyl amino acids to the corresponding amino acid and an acid anion. ... Synonym: benzamide, dehydropeptidase II, hippuricase, histozyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoacyltransferases
<enzyme> A sub-subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an aminoacyl group from one molecule to another with the formation of an ester or an amide linkage. ... Registry number: EC 2.3.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminoadipic d-semialdehyde synthase
<enzyme> A bifunctional enzyme used in lysine degradation; it has a lysine:alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity as well as a saccharopine dehydrogenase activity. A deficiency of this enzyme results in familial hyperlysinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase
<enzyme> Bifunctional enzyme with both lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (EC 1.5.1.8) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.9) activities ... Registry number: EC 1.5.1.- ... Synonym: aasa synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
aminobenzene
Synonym for aniline ... <chemistry> An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colourless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which ma …
aminobiphenyl compounds
<chemistry> Biphenyl compounds substituted in any position by one or more amino groups. Permitted are any substituents except fused rings. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminobutyric acids
<chemistry> Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in most living things. The best known is gaba. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminocaproic acid
<chemistry> A group of compounds that are derivatives of aminohexanoic acids. ... <haematology> An antifibrinolytic agent, used to prevent bleeding in haemophilia, and after heart and prostate surgery when plasminogen or urokinase may be activated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminocarbonyl
Synonym for carboxamide ... A molecular configuration (-CONH2) that, together with the related carboximides (iminocarbonyls) (-CONH-), is a constituent of many hypnotics, including barbiturates, hydantoins, and thiazines. ... Synonym: aminocarbonyl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminocarboxylic acid
Synonym for amino acid ... <biochemistry> A class of organic molecules that containing an amino group and can combine in linear arrays to form proteins in living organisms. ... There are twenty common amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspargine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, me …
aminocitric acid
HOOCCH(NH3+)C(COOH)(OH)CH2CO; OH;found in acid hydrolysates of ribonucleoprotein in human spleen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminodeoxychorismate lyase
<enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of aminodeoxychorismate to paba and pyruvate ... Registry number: EC 4.1.3.- ... Synonym: enzyme x, folate biosynthesis, 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate pyruvate-lyase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
aminodeoxychorismate synthase
<enzyme> From E coli; probably catalyses the conversion of chorismate to 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate; see also paba protein ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.- ... Synonym: pabb gene product, adc synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
aminoethanoic acid
Synonym for glycine ... <amino acid, physiology> The simplest amino acid. It is a common residue in proteins, especially collagen and elastin and is not optically active. ... It is also a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord and brainstem of vertebrate central nervous system. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
aminoethylphosphonic acid
<chemical> (2-aminoethyl)-phosphonic acid. An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues. ... Chemical name: Phosphonic acid, (2-aminoethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminoglutethimide
<chemical> An aromatase inhibitor that produces a state of 'medical' adrenalectomy by blocking the production of adrenal steroids. It also blocks the conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Aminoglutethimide has been used in the treatment of advanced breast and prostate cancer. It was formerly used for its weak anticonvulsant properties. ... Ph …
aminoglycoside
<pharmacology> A group of antibiotics active against many aerobic gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. ... They are mostly produced by fungi and contain an amino sugar, and amino-or guanido-substituted inositol ring which are attached by a glycosidic linkage to a hexose nucleus resulting in a polycationic and highly polar compound. T …
aminoglycoside acetyltransferase
<enzyme> See also gentamicin acetyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: aminocyclitol acetyltransferase, neomycin acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
aminoglycoside N1-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Monoacetylates apramycin, butirosin, lividomycin and paromomycin at the c1 amino group and diacetylates ribostamycin and neomycin, at the c1 amino and possibly at the 6' amino group ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: acc1 enzyme, paromomycin acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
aminohippuric acids
A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminohydrolases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.5.4. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminoimidazole carboxamide
<chemical> 5-amino-1h-imidazole-4-carboxamide. An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agent bic and dic. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases. ... Chemical name: 1H-I …
aminoisobutyric acids
A group of compounds that are derivatives of the amino acid 2-amino-2-methylpropanoic acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminolevulinic acid
<chemical> Chemical name: Pentanoic acid, 5-amino-4-oxo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminolysis
Replacement of a halogen in an alkyl or aryl molecule by an amine radical, with elimination of hydrogen halide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminomethyltransferase
<enzyme> T-protein component of glycine cleavage system which oxidatively decarboxylates glycine ... Registry number: EC 2.1.2.10 ... Synonym: glycine synthase system, t-protein, glycine cleavage system, glycine synthase, gcvt gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
aminometradine
Synonym for aminometramide ... 1-allyl-6-amino-3-ethyluracil;synthetic uracil derivative; an orally effective diuretic that is believed to act by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium by the renal tubules; used in the treatment of oedema due to congestive heart failure, liver disease, pregnancy, and certain drugs. ... Synonym: aminometradine. ... (05 …
aminometramide
1-allyl-6-amino-3-ethyluracil;synthetic uracil derivative; an orally effective diuretic that is believed to act by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium by the renal tubules; used in the treatment of oedema due to congestive heart failure, liver disease, pregnancy, and certain drugs. ... Synonym: aminometradine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminooligopeptidase
<enzyme> Human, intestinal brush-border enzyme; acts on oligopeptides with bulky side-chains removing n-terminal amino acids until dipeptide remains ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... Synonym: amino-oligopeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
aminooxyacetic acid
<chemical> (aminooxy)acetic acid. A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors, gaba agents. ... Chemical name: Acetic acid, (aminooxy)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminopenicillins
A class of penicillin-like antibiotics which chemically contain an amine group; this class includes ampicillin and amoxicillin; used in upper respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, Salmonella infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminopeptidase
<enzyme> That remove the N terminal amino acid from a protein or peptide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
aminopeptidases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.4.11. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminophenazone
Synonym for aminopyrine ... <chemical> A drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but, owing to the risk of agranulocytosis, whose use is discouraged. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. ... Chemical name: 3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl- ... (12 Dec 1 …
aminophenols
Phenols substituted in any position by an amino group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminopherases
Synonym for aminotransferases ... Enzymes transferring amino groups between an amino acid to (usually) a 2-keto acid; e.g., l-alanine and 2-ketoglutarate. Often, the amino acid is an alpha-amino acid. ... Synonym: aminopherases, transaminases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminophylline
<drug> An inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
aminopromazine
10-[2,3-Bis(dimethylamino)propyl]phenothiazine;an intestinal antispasmodic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminopropionic acid
Synonym for alanine ... <amino acid> Alanine is a nonessential amino acid that can be manufactured by the body from other sources as needed. Alanine is one of the simplest of the amino acids and is involved in the energy-producing breakdown of glucose. In conditions of sudden anaerobic energy need, when muscle proteins are broken down for ener …
aminopropionitrile
<chemical> 3-aminopropanenitrile. Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. ... Chemical name: Propanenitrile, 3-amino- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminopterin
<drug> A folic acid analogue and inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. A potent cytotoxic agent used in the treatment of acute leukaemia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
aminopyridines
Pyridines substituted in any position with an amino group. May be hydrogenated, but must retain at least one double bond. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminopyrine
<chemical> A drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but, owing to the risk of agranulocytosis, whose use is discouraged. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. ... Chemical name: 3H-Pyrazol-3-one, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminopyrine n-demethylase
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.5.3.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminoquinolines
Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminorex
<chemical> 2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline. An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension. ... Pharmacological action: appetite depressants. ... Chemical name: 2-Oxazolamine, 4,5-dihydro-5-phenyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminosalicylic acids
Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acids. A group of hydroxybenzoic acids that include substitution by amino groups at the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-position. The 4-amino derivative, p-aminosalicylic acid, is an antitubercular agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
aminotransferase
<enzyme> A family of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of an amino group from an alpha-amino acid to an alpha-keto acid, as in the transfer from glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, to form aspartic acid and alpha ketoglutarate. ... One reactant is often glutamic acid and the reactions employ pyridoxal phosphate as co-enzyme. ... (04 May 1997)
aminotransferases
Enzymes transferring amino groups between an amino acid to (usually) a 2-keto acid; e.g., l-alanine and 2-ketoglutarate. Often, the amino acid is an alpha-amino acid. ... Synonym: aminopherases, transaminases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
aminotriazole
<chemical> An effective weed killer that also possesses some antithyroid activity. ... Chemical name: 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole ... Synonym: amitrole. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...
aminotripeptidase
<enzyme> An intestinal peptidase that acts on tripeptides, releasing an amino acid and a dipeptide. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...
aminuria
Excretion of amines in the urine. ... Origin: amine + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
amiodarone
<drug> A coronary vasodilator used in the control of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, and in the management of angina pectoris. Causes significant and distinctive pulmonary toxicity. ... Chemical name: (2-Butyl-3-benzofuranyl)[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxyl]-3,5-diiodophenyl]methanone. ... (14 Aug 2000) ...
amithiozone
<pharmacology> A leprostatic agent. ... Chemical name: 4'-formylacetanilide thiosemicarbazone. ... Synonym: thiacetazone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
amitosis
<cell biology> An unusual form of nuclear division, in which the nucleus simply constricts, rather like a cell without chromosome condensation or spindle formation. Partitioning of daughter chromosomes is haphazard. Observed in some Protozoa. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
amitotic
Relating to or marked by amitosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
amitriptyline
<drug> This is a prescription drug used to treat depression (it is classed as a tricyclic antidepressant). It may cause a wide range of side effects, including rashes, nausea, weight gain/loss, drowsiness, nervousness, insomnia, confusion, seizures, coma, etc. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
amitriptyline hydrochloride
Chemically and pharmacologically related to imipramine hydrochloride; an antidepressant agent with mild tranquillising properties, used in the treatment of mental depression and in the depressive phase of manic-depressive states; sometimes used in the treatment of sleep disorders. ... Chemical name: 10,11-Dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohep …
amitrole
<chemical> A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens, herbicides. ... Chemical name: 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
AML
Synonym for acute myeloid leukaemia ... <haematology> A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood affecting immature cells of the bone marrow, usually of the white cell population. It is much more common in adults than in children. ... Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fevers, weakness, pallor, bone pains, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, easy bru …
amlodipine
<chemical> 2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 3-ethyl 5-methyl ester. A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, calcium channel blockers, vasodilato …
ammelide aminohydrolase
<enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of ammelide to cyanuric acid and nh3 ... Registry number: EC 3.5.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
Ammon
Greek name of Egyptian god, Amun. ... See: Ammon's horn. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ammon, Friedrich von
<person> German ophthalmologist and pathologist, 1799-1861. ... See: Ammon's fissure, Ammon's prominence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ammon's fissure
A pearl-shaped opening in the sclera during early embryogenesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ammon's horn
One of the two interlocking gyri composing the hippocampus, the other being the dentate gyrus. ... Synonym: cornu ammonis. ... Origin: G. Ammon, the Egyptian deity Amun ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ammon's prominence
An external prominence in the posterior pole of the eyeball during early embryogenesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammonaemia
The presence of ammonia or some of its compounds in the blood, thought to be formed from the decomposition of urea; it usually results in subnormal temperature, weak pulse, gastroenteric symptoms, and coma. ... Synonym: hyperammonaemia. ... Origin: ammonia + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammonia
<biochemistry> The common name for NH3, a strongly basic, irritating, colourlessgas which is lighter than air and readily soluble in water. It is formed in nature as a by-product of protein metabolism in animals.Industrially, it is used in explosives, fertiliser, refrigerants, household cleaningsolutions, etc. ... Ammonium hydroxide (NH4+), a …
ammonia assimilation
The utilization of ammonia (or ammonium ions) in the net synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules; e.g., glutamine synthetase. ... Synonym: ammonia fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammonia detoxication
The detoxication of ammonia and ammonium ion by the formation of ammonium salts, specific nitrogen-excretion products, or l-glutamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammonia fixation
Synonym for ammonia assimilation ... The utilization of ammonia (or ammonium ions) in the net synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules; e.g., glutamine synthetase. ... Synonym: ammonia fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammonia monooxygenase
<enzyme> Ammonia is oxidised to hydroxylamine by nitrifying bacterium, nitrosomonas europaea; also hydroxylates alkanes and arenes; converts alkenes to epoxides ... Registry number: EC 1.7.3.- ... Synonym: ammonia mono-oxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
ammonia rash
Synonym for diaper dermatitis ... Colloquially referred to as diaper, ammonia, or napkin rash; dermatitis of thighs and buttocks resulting from exposure to urine and faeces in infants' diapers. Formerly attributed to ammonia formation; moisture, bacterial growth, and alkalinity may all induce lesions. ... Synonym: ammonia rash, diaper rash, Jacquet's …
ammonia-lyases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the formation of a c=c bond in a molecule by liberation of ammonia. ... Registry number: EC 4.3.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ammoniac
A gum resin from a plant of western Asia, Dorema ammoniacum (family Umbelliferae); used internally as a stimulant and expectorant, and externally as a counterirritant plaster. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammoniacal
Relating to ammonia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammoniacal urine
Synonym for ammoniuria ... <nephrology> Excretion of urine that contains an excessive amount of ammonia. ... Synonym: ammoniacal urine. ... Origin: ammonia + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammoniated mercuric chloride
Synonym for ammoniated mercury ... Used in ointment for the treatment of skin diseases. ... Synonym: ammoniated mercuric chloride, white mercuric precipitate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ammoniated mercury
Used in ointment for the treatment of skin diseases. ... Synonym: ammoniated mercuric chloride, white mercuric precipitate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
