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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

anal plate
The anal portion of the cloacal plate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anal reflex
Contraction of the internal sphincter gripping the finger passed into the rectum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anal region
Synonym for anal triangle ... The posterior portion of the perineal region through which the anal canal opens; bounded by a line through both isehial tuberosities, the sacrotuberous ligaments and the coccyx. ... Synonym: regio analis, anal region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anal sac
A vesicular cutaneous invagination opening by a duct on each side of the anal canal in carnivores (best developed in skunks, but absent in some bears, the raccoon, kinkajou, coati, and sea otter), each lying between the external and internal anal sphincter muscles, which aid in emptying the contents. The sac stores odouriferous scent markers produc …

anal sacs
Two sacs opening on either side of the anus near the junction of the mucous membrane and skin in carnivores. The glandular lining produces a gray or brown sebaceous secretion having an unpleasant odour. The sac ducts sometimes become occluded and the secretion accumulates. This leads to irritation that the animal attempts to relieve by rubbing its …

anal sinuses
The grooves between the anal columns. ... Synonym: Morgagni's sinus. ... Pockets or crypts in the columnar zone of the anal canal between the anocutaneous line and the anorectal line; the sinuses give the mucosa a scalloped appearance. ... Synonym: sinus anales, anal crypts, Morgagni's crypts, rectal sinuses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anal sphincter
See: external anal sphincter, internal anal sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anal triangle
The posterior portion of the perineal region through which the anal canal opens; bounded by a line through both isehial tuberosities, the sacrotuberous ligaments and the coccyx. ... Synonym: regio analis, anal region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anal valves
Delicate crescent-shaped mucosal folds that pass between the lower ends of neighboring anal columns; the small pocket thus formed is an anal sinus. ... Synonym: valvulae anales, Morgagni's valves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anal verge
The transitional zone between the moist, hairless, modified skin of the anal canal and the perianal skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analbuminaemia
Absence of albumin from the serum. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + albumin + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analemma
1. <chemistry> An orthographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west point of the horizon. ... 2. An instrument of wood or brass, on which this projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or cursor; formerly much used in solving some common …

analeptic
<pharmacology> A drug which acts as a restorative, such as caffeine, amphetamine, pentylenetetrazol, etc. ... Origin: Gr. Analepsis = a repairing ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

analeptic enema
An enema of a pint of lukewarm water with one-half teaspoonful of table salt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analgesia
A state of insensitivity to pain, even though the subject is fully conscious. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

analgesia algera
Synonym for analgesia dolorosa ... Spontaneous pain in a body area that lacks sensation. ... Synonym: analgesia algera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analgesia dolorosa
Spontaneous pain in a body area that lacks sensation. ... Synonym: analgesia algera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analgesia, epidural
The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from anaesthesia, epidural which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

analgesia, obstetrical
The elimination of sensibility to pain, without the loss of consciousness, during labour, delivery, and possibly the postpartum period, usually through the administration of narcotic analgesics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

analgesia, patient-controlled
Relief of pain, without loss of consciousness, through an analgesic agent administered by the patient. It has been used successfully to control postoperative pain, during labour, after burns, and in terminal care. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimised by combinin …

analgesic
An agent that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

analgesic cuirass
Synonym for tabetic cuirass ... An analgesic or hypalgesic zone in the proximal thoracic region, found in tabetic neurosyphilis. ... Synonym: analgesic cuirass, Hitzig's girdle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analgesic nephritis
Chronic interstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis, occurring in patients with a long history of excessive consumption of analgesics, especially those containing phenacetin. ... Synonym: analgesic nephropathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analgesic nephropathy
<nephrology, pathology> A form of kidney damage which can occur from the overexposure to certain analgesics (for example acetaminophen, salicylates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents). ... In most cases analgesic use is excessive in dosing or chronicity of use. Complications include acute renal failure. ... See: interstitial nephritis.< …

analgesics
Agents that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

analgesics, non-narcotic
Drugs that have principally analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions. They do not bind to opioid receptors and are not classified under the controlled substances act. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

analgesics, opioid
Narcotic or opioid substances, synthetic or semisynthetic agents producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. Mood changes may be pleasurable, therefore creating a potential for the abuse of these agents; the prototype of these is morphine to which all other analgesics are compared. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

analgesimeter
A device for eliciting painful stimuli in order to measure pain under experimental conditions. ... Origin: analgesia + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analgetic
Synonym: analgesic. ... 2. Associated with decreased pain perception. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anality
Referring to the psychic organization derived from, and characteristic of, the Freudian anal period of psychosexual development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anallergic
Not allergic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analog
1. One of two organs or parts in different species of animals or plants which differ in structure or development but are similar in function. ... 2. A compound that resembles another in structure but is not necessarily an isomer (e.g., 5-fluorouracil is an analog of thymine); analog's are often used to block enzymatic reactions by combining with enz …

analog-digital conversion
The process of converting analog data such as continually measured voltage to discrete, digital form. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

analogous
According to a due ratio, conformable, proportionate, resembling or similar in some respects, as in function or appearance, but not in origin or development. ... Compare: homologous. ... Origin: Gr. Analogos ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

analogue
<chemistry> A compound that is structurally similar to another. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

analogy
<biology> Two anatomical structures or behavioural traits within different and unrelated organisms which perform the same functions in each organism but which did not originate from an ancestral structure or trait that the organisms' ancestors had in common. ... Instead, the structures or traits arose separately and then later evolved to perfo …

analphalipoproteinaemia
Familial high {density lipoprotein deficiency}; a heritable disorder of lipid metabolism characterised by almost complete absence from plasma of high density lipoproteins, and by storage of cholesterol esters in foam cells, tonsillar enlargement, an orange or yellow-gray colour of the pharyngeal and rectal mucosa, hepatosplenomegaly, lymph node enl …

analysand
In psychoanalysis, the person being analyzed. ... Origin: analysis + L. -andus, gerundive ending ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analyser
<microscopy> An optical device, capable of producing plane polarized light, used for detecting the state of polarization. ... A second polarizing element inserted beyond a preparation. When its vibration direction is at right angles to the vibration direction of the polarize, the field becomes black if no anisotropic specimen is on the stage o …

analysis
<technique> The separation into component parts or elements, the act of determining the component parts of a substance. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

analysis of variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

analyte
<chemistry> The substance being measured in an analytical procedure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

analytic
Synonym for analytical ... Of or pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent parts; as, an analytical experiment; analytic reasoning; opposed to synthetic. Analytical or coordinate geometry. See Geometry. Analytic language, a noninflectional language or one not characterised by grammatical endings. Analytical table, a table in whi …

analytic chemistry
The application of chemistry to the determination and detection of composition and identification of specific substances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analytic psychiatry
Synonym for psychoanalytic psychiatry ... Psychiatric theory and practice emphasizing the principles of psychoanalysis. ... Synonym: analytic psychiatry, dynamic psychiatry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analytic study
In epidemiology, a study designed to examine associations, commonly putative or hypothesised causal relationships; usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or with the health effects of specific exposures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analytic therapy
Short term for psychoanalytic therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analytical
Of or pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent parts; as, an analytical experiment; analytic reasoning; opposed to synthetic. Analytical or coordinate geometry. See Geometry. Analytic language, a noninflectional language or one not characterised by grammatical endings. Analytical table, a table in which the characteristics of …

analytical chemistry
<study> The branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative and qualitative identification of substances. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

analytical psychology
Synonym for jungian psychoanalysis ... The theory of psychopathology and the practice of psychotherapy, according to the principles of Jung, which utilises a system of psychology and psychotherapy emphasizing man's symbolic nature, and differs from freudian psychoanalysis especially in placing less significance upon instinctual (sexual) urges. ... Sy …

analytical sensitivity
The degree of response to a change in concentration of analyte being measured in an assay; synonymous with the detection limit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analytical specificity
Freedom from interference by any element or compound other than the analyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

analyze
To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance; to analyze a sentence or a word; to analyze an action to a …

analyzing rod
A device used with a surveyor to determine the relative positions of parallel surfaces and undercuts when designing removable partial dentures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anamnesis
1. <psychology> A recollection. ... 2. A medical or psychiatric patient history, as opposed to catamnesis (follow up). ... 3. <immunology> Immunologic memory. ... Origin: Gr. Anamnesis = a recalling ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anamnestic
1. Assisting the memory. ... Synonym: mnemonic. ... 2. Relating to the medical history of a patient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anamnestic reaction
Augmented production of an antibody due to previous response of the subject to stimulus by the same antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anamnestic response
<immunology> Archaic term now replaced by such terms as secondary immune response, immune memory. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anamnionic
Anamniotic ... Without an amnion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Anamniota
A group of vertebrates whose embryos are not enclosed in an amnion; it includes the cyclostomes, fish, and amphibians. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anamorph
A somatic or reproductive structure that originates without nuclear recombination (asexual reproduction); the imperfect part of the life cycle of fungi. ... Origin: G. Ana, up, + morphe, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anamorphosis
1. A distorted or monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image. ... 2. <biology> Same as Anamorphism. ... 3. <botany> A morbid or monstrous …

ananaphylaxis
Synonym for desensitization ... 1. The reduction or abolition of allergic sensitivity or reactions to the specific antigen (allergen). ... Synonym: ananaphylaxis, antianaphylaxis. ... 2. The act of removing an emotional complex. ... Synonym: hyposensitization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ananastasia
Inability to stand up. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + anastasis, stand up ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anancasm
Any form of repetitious stereotyped behaviour which, if prevented, results in anxiety. ... Origin: G. Anankasma, compulsion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anancastia
An obsession in which a person feels himself forced to act or think against his will. ... Origin: G. Anankastos, compelled ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anancastic
Pertaining to anancasm or anancastia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anancastic personality
An obsolete term for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anandamide amidohydrolase
<enzyme> Catalyses the hydrolysis of anandamide, an endogenous cannabimimetic substance forming ethanolamine and arachidonic acid ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: n-arachidonoylethanolamine amidohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

anandria
Absence of masculinity. ... Origin: G. Want of manhood, fr. An-priv. + aner-(andr-), man ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anangioplasia
Imperfect vascularization of a part due to nonformation of vessels, or vessels with inadequate caliber. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + angeion, vessel, + plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anangioplastic
Relating to, characterised by, or due to anangioplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ANAP
<abbreviation> Anionic neutrophil activating peptide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anapeiratic
Resulting from overuse; denoting certain occupational neuroses. ... Origin: G. Ana-peiraomai, to try again, fr. Peirao, to try ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphase
<cell biology> The stage of mitosis or meiosis beginning with the separation of sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) followed by their movement towards the poles of the spindle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anaphase I
<cell biology> The stage in the first meiotic division of meiosis that follows metaphase I. ... The pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated from each other and moved to opposite ends of the cell. This stage begins as soon as homologous chromosomes begin separating and ends when the chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell. ... (09 …

anaphase II
<cell biology> The stage in the second meiotic division of meiosis that follows metaphase II. ... In each cell produced during the first meiotic division, the paired chromatids are separated from each other and moved to opposite ends of the cell. The stage begins as soon as the centromeres connecting each chromatid to its pair break and ends w …

anaphase lag
Slowing or arrest in the normal migration of chromosomes during anaphase, resulting in such chromosomes being excluded from one of the daughter cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphia
Absence of the sense of touch. ... Synonym: anhaphia. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + haphe, touch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphoresis
Movement of negatively charged particles (anions) in a solution or suspension toward the anode in electrophoresis. ... Compare: cataphoresis. ... Origin: G. Ana, up + phoresis, a being borne ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphoretic
Relating to anaphoresis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphrodisiac
A chemical that inhibits sexual response. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

anaphylactic
<immunology> Pertaining to anaphylaxis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anaphylactic antibody
Synonym for cytotropic antibody ... Antibody that has an affinity for certain kinds of cells, in addition to and unrelated to its specific affinity for the antigen that induced it, because of the properties of the Fc portion of the heavy chain. ... See: heterocytotropic antibody, homocytotropic antibody, cytotropic antibody test. ... Synonym: anaphyla …

anaphylactic intoxication
Intoxication following an anaphylactic reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphylactic reaction
<immunology> A serious, often life-threatening allergic reaction that is characterised by low blood pressure, shock (poor tissue perfusion) and difficulty breathing. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

anaphylactic shock
<immunology> A serious, often life-threatening allergic reaction that is characterised by low blood pressure, shock (poor tissue perfusion) and difficulty breathing. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

anaphylactogen
A substance (antigen) capable of rendering an individual susceptible to anaphylaxis; a substance (antigen) that will cause an anaphylactic reaction in such a sensitised individual. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphylactogenesis
<immunology> The process of causing or creating anaphylactic shock. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

anaphylactogenic
Producing anaphylaxis; pertaining to substances (antigens) that result in an individual becoming susceptible to anaphylaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphylactoid
<immunology> Resembling anaphylaxis, an immediate, transient allergic reaction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

anaphylactoid crisis
Synonym for anaphylactoid shock ... A reaction that is similar to anaphylactic shock, but which does not require the incubation period characteristic of induced sensitivity (anaphylaxis); it is unrelated to antigen-antibody reactions. ... Synonym: anaphylactoid crisis, pseudoanaphylactic shock. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphylactoid purpura
<dermatology> This relatively rare disorder is characterised by skin purpura, joint pains, abdominal pain and renal disease (glomerulonephritis). ... Although Henoch-Schonlein purpura or anaphylactoid purpura, is thought to be a immune complex mediated disease, its exact cause is unknown. Its typical benign coarse can, however, include renal f …

anaphylactoid shock
A reaction that is similar to anaphylactic shock, but which does not require the incubation period characteristic of induced sensitivity (anaphylaxis); it is unrelated to antigen-antibody reactions. ... Synonym: anaphylactoid crisis, pseudoanaphylactic shock. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphylatoxin
<protein> Originally used as an antigen that reacted with an IgE antibody thus precipitating reactions of anaphylaxis. ... Now restricted to defining a property of complement fragments C3a and C5a, both of which bind to the surfaces of mast cells and basophils and cause the release of inflammatory mediators. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anaphylatoxin inactivator
An alpha-globulin (MW 300,000) which destroys the activity of the anaphylatoxic complement fragments. ... See: anaphylatoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaphylaxis
<pharmacology> As opposed to prophylaxis. A system or treatment that leads to damaging effects on the organism. ... <immunology> Now reserved for those inflammatory reactions resulting from combination of a soluble antigen with IgE bound to a mast cell that leads to degranulation of the mast cell and release of histamine and histamine li …

anaphylotoxin
<protein> A substance which stimulates the release of histamines (which causes tissue inflammation) as part of an immunological response toward a foreign antigen.This can lead to anaphylactic shock. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

anaplasia
<pathology, oncology> Characteristics of a cell (structure and orientation) that make it identifiable as a cancer cell and malignant. ... There is lack of differentiation, which is characteristic of some tumour cells. ... Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

anaplasma
A genus of gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are obligate parasites of vertebrates. Species are transmitted by arthropod vectors with the host range limited to ruminants. Anaplasma marginale is the most pathogenic species and is the causative agent of severe bovine anaplasmosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...