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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


angulus superior scapulae
Synonym for superior angle of scapula ... Formerly named the medial angle, it lies at the junction of the superior and medial borders of the bone. ... Synonym: angulus superior scapulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

angustiseptate
<botany> In botany terminology, describes a plant part which has narrow partitions. ... Compare: latiseptate. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

anhaline
Synonym for hordenine ... A biogenic amine first isolated from barley; increases blood pressure. ... Synonym: anhaline. ... Origin: L. Hordeum, barley, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhaphia
Synonym for anaphia ... Absence of the sense of touch. ... Synonym: anhaphia. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + haphe, touch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhedonia
Absence of pleasure from the performance of acts that would ordinarily be pleasurable. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + hedone, pleasure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhepatic jaundice
Jaundice due to haemolysis, with normal function of the liver and biliary tract. ... Synonym: anhepatogenous jaundice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhepatogenous jaundice
Synonym for anhepatic jaundice ... Jaundice due to haemolysis, with normal function of the liver and biliary tract. ... Synonym: anhepatogenous jaundice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhidrosis
<clinical sign> Absence of sweat. Can be found under the eye in Horner's Syndrome. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

anhidrotic
1. Relating to, or characterised by, anhidrosis. ... Synonym: antiperspirant. ... 3. Denoting a reduction or absence of sweat glands, characteristic of congenital ectodermal defect and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. ... Synonym: adiaphoretic, anidrotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
A hereditary condition (most often x linked) that is characterised by the abnormal development of skin, absence of sweat glands, dry eyes and abnormal development of teeth. ... Symptoms include absent teeth, peg teeth, inability to sweat, thin skin and heat intolerance. Mucous membrane involvement may result in a foul-smelling nasal discharge. The i …

anhistic
Anhistous ... Without apparent structure. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + histos, web ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhydrase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the removal of water from a compound; most such enzymes are now known as hydrases, hydro-lyases, or dehydratases. ... Carbonic anhydrase, a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of CO2 with HCO3- and H+. There are at least seven human isozymes that appear predominantly in red blood cells, s …

anhydration
Synonym for dehydration ... The condition that results from excessive loss of body water. ... Synonym: anhydration, deaquation, hypohydration. ... Origin: L. De = away, Gr. Hydor = water ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anhydride
<chemistry> A compound that becomes an acid in the presence of water or becomes a base when water is removed. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

anhydrides
Chemical compounds derived from a substance, especially an acid, by the abstraction of a molecule of water. The anhydrides of bases are oxides; those of alcohols are ethers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

anhydro-
Chemical prefix denoting the removal of water. ... Compare: pyro-. ... Origin: G. An-priv., + hydor, water ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhydroelastase
<chemical> Catalytically inert derivative of elastase in which the active-site residue ser-195 has been converted to a dehydroalanine residue ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

anhydrogitalin
Synonym for gitoxin ... C41H64O14;a secondary cardiac glycoside from Digitalis purpurea and D. Lanata. ... Synonym: anhydrogitalin, bigitalin, pseudodigitoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhydroleucovorin
An intermediate formed in the folic acid-catalyzed glycine-serine interconversion. ... Synonym: N5,N10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhydrosugars
Sugars from which one or more molecules of water, other than water of crystallization, have been eliminated. ... Synonym: dehydrosugars. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhydrotetracycline oxygenase
<enzyme> Streptomyces aureofaciens enzyme catalyzing penultimate reaction of tetracycline biosynthesis, hydration of anhydrotetracycline to dehydrotetracycline ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

anhydrous
<chemistry> A substance deprived or destitute of water. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

anhydrous alcohol
Synonym for absolute alcohol ... Water having been removed. ... Synonym: anhydrous alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhydrous chloral
Synonym for chloral ... CCl3-CHO; trichloroacetaldehyde;a thin oily liquid with a pungent odour, formed by the action of chlorine gas on alcohol. ... Synonym: anhydrous chloral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anhydrous lanolin
Lanolin that contains not more than 0.25% of water; used as a water-adsorbable ointment base. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aniacinamidosis
Rarely used term for deficiency of niacinamide which may be associated with pellagra. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + niacinamide + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aniacinosis
Rarely used term for aniacinamidosis. ... Origin: G. A-oruv. + niacin + -osis condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anicteric
Not icteric. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anicteric hepatitis
Hepatitis without jaundice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anicteric virus hepatitis
A relatively mild hepatitis, without jaundice, due to a virus; the principal physical signs and symptoms are enlargement of the liver, lymph nodes, and often the spleen, together with headache, continuous fatigue, nausea, anorexia, sudden distaste for smoking, abdominal pains, and sometimes mild fever; labratory tests reveal evidence of hepatitis.< …

anidean
Shapeless; denoting a formless mass of tissue. ... Synonym: anidous. ... Origin: see anideus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anideus
A parasitic foetus consisting of a poorly differentiated mass of tissue with slight indications of parts. ... See: holoacardius amorphus. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + eidos, shape ... Embryonic anideus, a blastoderm without axial organization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anidous
Synonym for anidean ... Shapeless; denoting a formless mass of tissue. ... Synonym: anidous. ... Origin: see anideus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anidrosis
Synonym for anhidrosis ... <clinical sign> Absence of sweat. Can be found under the eye in Horner's Syndrome. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

anidrotic
Synonym for anhidrotic ... 1. Relating to, or characterised by, anhidrosis. ... Synonym: antiperspirant. ... 3. Denoting a reduction or absence of sweat glands, characteristic of congenital ectodermal defect and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. ... Synonym: adiaphoretic, anidrotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anileridine
Ethyl 1-(4-aminophenethyl)-4-phenylisonipecotate;related chemically and pharmacologically to meperidine hydrochloride; used for relief of moderate to severe pain; also mildly antihistaminic and spasmolytic; addiction liability is equivalent to that of morphine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anilinction
Synonym for anilingus ... Sexual stimulation by licking or kissing the anus; a type of oral-genital sexual activity. ... Synonym: anilinction, anilinctus. ... Origin: L. Anus, + lingo, to lick ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aniline
<chemistry> An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colourless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are m …

aniline blue
A mixture of sulfonated triphenylmethane dyes used widely as a connective tissue stain and counterstain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aniline fuchsin
A mixture of aniline and basic fuchsin in 30% ethanol with a trace of phenol, as in Goodpasture's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aniline hydroxylase
<enzyme> A drug-metabolizing, cytochrome p-450 enzyme which catalyses the hydroxylation of aniline to hydroxyaniline in the presence of reduced flavoprotein and molecular oxygen. ... Registry number: EC 1.14.14.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aniline mustard
<chemical> N,n-bis(2-chloroethyl)aniline. Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent effective in some mouse tumours, but less useful in man. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, alkylating. ... Chemical name: Benzenamine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aniline oxygenase
<enzyme> Converts substituted anilines to the corresponding catechols ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

anilingus
Sexual stimulation by licking or kissing the anus; a type of oral-genital sexual activity. ... Synonym: anilinction, anilinctus. ... Origin: L. Anus, + lingo, to lick ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anilinism
Synonym for anilism ... Chronic aniline poisoning characterised by gastric and cardiac weakness, vertigo, muscular depression, intermittent pulse, and cyanosis. ... Synonym: anilinism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anilino naphthalenesulfonates
A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester of naphthalenesulfonic acid. They are frequently used as fluorescent dyes and sulfhydryl reagents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

anilinophil
Denoting a cell or histologic structure that stains readily with an aniline dye. ... Synonym: anilinophilous. ... Origin: aniline + G. Philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anilinophilous
Synonym for anilinophil ... Denoting a cell or histologic structure that stains readily with an aniline dye. ... Synonym: anilinophilous. ... Origin: aniline + G. Philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anilism
Chronic aniline poisoning characterised by gastric and cardiac weakness, vertigo, muscular depression, intermittent pulse, and cyanosis. ... Synonym: anilinism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anima
1. The soul or spirit. ... See: animus. ... 2. In jungian psychology, the inner self, in contrast to persona; a female archtype in a man. ... Compare: animus. ... Origin: L. Breath, soul ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal
1. An organised living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterised by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity. …

animal black
Synonym for animal charcoal ... Charcoal produced by incomplete combustion of animal tissues, especially bone. ... Synonym: animal black, bone black, bone charcoal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal cell culture
<cell culture> Mammalian cells are fragile and harder to grow than other cell types, but their large-scale culturing is an economic boon because it allows for the production of proteins that are otherwise difficult or expensive or unethical to extract from living organisms. ... The cells are immobilised on a substrate and then perfused with cu …

animal cell immobilisation
<cell culture> Animal cells are widely used in biotechnology to produce genetically engineered proteins. However, they are more fragile than bacterial cells, and immobilising the cell facilitates the fermentation process. ... Many animal cells stick down flat on a suitable surface, hugging it as they would hug other cells or connective matrice …

animal charcoal
Charcoal produced by incomplete combustion of animal tissues, especially bone. ... Synonym: animal black, bone black, bone charcoal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal communication
Communication between animals involving the giving off by one individual of some chemical or physical signal, that, on being received by another, influences its behaviour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animal dander
<immunology, zoology> The epidermis (skin) from an animal that can elicit an allergic response. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

animal dextran
Synonym for glycogen ... <biochemistry> Branched polymer of D glucose (mostly _(1-4) linked, but some _(1-6) at branch points). ... Size range very variable, up to 10exp5 glucose units. Major short term storage polymer of animal cells and is particularly abundant in the liver and to a lesser extent in muscle. In the electron microscope glycogen …

animal graft
Synonym for zoograft ... A graft of tissue from an animal to a human. ... Synonym: animal graft, zooplastic graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal husbandry
The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animal identification systems
Procedures for recognizing individual animals and certain identifiable characteristics pertaining to them; includes computerised methods, ear tags, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animal magnetism
A psychic force akin to the property of mutual attraction or repulsion possessed by metal magnets and once believed to be the principal factor in hypnosis, which thus was called animal magnetism. ... See: hypnosis, mesmerism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal model
Study in a population of laboratory animals that uses conditions of animals analogous to conditions of humans to simulate processes comparable to those that occur in human populations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal pole
<cell biology> In most animal oocytes the nucleus is not centrally placed and its position can be used to define two poles. That nearest to the nucleus is the animal pole and the other is the vegetal pole, with the animal vegetal axis between the poles passing through the nucleus. During meiosis of the oocyte the polar bodies are expelled at …

animal protein factor
Synonym for vitamin B12 ... <biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, important in the proper function of the nervous system and important in proper carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

animal psychology
A branch of psychology concerned with the study of the behaviour and physiological responses of animal organisms as a means of understanding human behaviour; some synonyms include comparative psychology, experimental psychology, and physiological psychology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal rights
The moral and ethical bases of the protection of animals from cruelty and abuse. The rights are extended to domestic animals, laboratory animals, and wild animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animal soap
Soap made with sodium hydroxide and a purified animal fat consisting chiefly of stearin; used in pharmacy in the preparation of certain liniments. ... Synonym: curd soap, domestic soap, tallow soap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal starch
Synonym for glycogen ... <biochemistry> Branched polymer of D glucose (mostly _(1-4) linked, but some _(1-6) at branch points). ... Size range very variable, up to 10exp5 glucose units. Major short term storage polymer of animal cells and is particularly abundant in the liver and to a lesser extent in muscle. In the electron microscope glycogen …

animal structures
Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animal technicians
Assistants to a veterinarian, biological or biomedical researcher, or other scientist who are engaged in the care and management of animals, and who are trained in basic principles of animal life processes and routine laboratory and animal health care procedures. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animal testing
<pharmacology> Before researchers test pharmaceuticals in human clinical trials, they test them in animals to determine toxicity, dosing, and efficacy. What they learn in animal models helps them determine if it is safe and worthwhile to proceed to human trials, and how best to design those trials. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

animal testing alternatives
Procedures, such as tissue culture, mathematical models, etc., when used or advocated for use in place of the use of animals in research or diagnostic laboratories. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animal toxin
Synonym for zootoxin ... <pharmacology> Any poisonous substance (including but not limited to venom) produced by an animal. ... (11 May 1997) ...

animal viruses
Virus's occurring in man and other animals, causing inapparent infection or producing disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal wax
Beeswax, spermaceti, and any wax derived from the animal kingdom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animal welfare
The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments and the promotion of their health through better nutrition, housing, and care. This may be carried out through legislation or regulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animalcule
1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. ... 2. <zoology> An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria. ... Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the Desmidiacae, and the siliceous Diatomaceae. Spermatic animalcule …

animalised cell
<zoology> The 8-16 cell early blastula of sea urchins has animal and vegetal poles, by manipulating the environmental conditions it is possible to shift more cells from vegetal to animal in their characteristics. ... (12 Nov 1997) ...

animals, domestic
Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with man. They include animals domesticated by man to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches (e.g., horses, cattle, sheep) and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship (e.g., dogs, cats, horses). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animals, inbred strains
Animals produced by the mating of littermates or siblings over multiple generations. The resultant strain of animals is virtually identical genotypically. Highly inbred animal lines allow the study of certain traits in a relatively pure form. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animals, suckling
Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animals, transgenic
Animals, or the offspring of such animals, into which cloned genetic material has been experimentally transferred by microinjection of foreign DNA, either directly or into embryos or differentiated cell types. Transgenic rabbits, mice, fish, xenopus, sheep, pigs, and chickens have been produced using genes of sea urchins, candida, drosophila, and m …

animals, wild
Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which animals, zoo is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animate
1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul animates the body. ... 2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to animate a lyre. ... 3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven. 'The more to animate the people, he stood on high . . . And cried unto them with a …

animation
A film or video wholly or partially created by photographing drawings, sculptures, or other inanimate things in sequence to create the illusion of motion. Animations are also generated by computers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

animatism
Attribution of mental or spiritual qualities to both living beings and nonliving things. ... See: animism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animism
The view that all things in nature, both animate and inanimate, contain a spirit or soul; held by primitive peoples and young children. ... See: animatism. ... Origin: L. Anima, soul ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

animosity
1. Mere spiritedness or courage. 'Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth.' (Holland) ... 2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike. ... Synonym: Enmity, hatred, opposition. Animosity, Enmity. ... Enmity be dormant or concealed, animosity is active enmity, i …

animus
1. An animating or energizing spirit. ... 2. Intention to do something; disposition. ... 3. In psychiatry, a spirit of active hostility or grudge. ... 4. The ideal image toward which a person strives. ... 5. In jungian psychology, a male archetype in a woman. ... Compare: anima. ... Origin: L. Animus, breath, rational soul in man, will ... (05 Mar 2000)
anion
A negatively-charged ion. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

anion exchange
The process by which an anion in a mobile (liquid) phase exchanges with another anion previously bound to a solid, positively charged phase, the latter being an anion exchanger. It takes place when Cl- is exchanged for OH- in desalting. The reaction is Cl- (in solution) + (OH- on anion exchanger+) &rarr; (Cl- on anion exchanger) + OH- (in solut …

anion exchange resin
<chemistry> A resin with fixed cationic groups which is used in chromatography to separate anionic molecules. ... A High molecular weight, insoluble polymers that contain functional anionic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions. These resins are used for ion exchange chromatography, as gastric antacids, hypocholesteraemics, etc. ... ( …

anion exchanger
Family of Integral membrane proteins that perform the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane. Best known is Band III protein of the red blood cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anion gap
<biochemistry> The difference between the sum of the measured cations and anions in the plasma or serum calculated as follows: (Na + K) -(Cl + HCO3) = &lt; 20 mmol/l. Elevated values may occur in diabetic or lactic acidosis; normal or low values occur in bicarbonate-losing metabolic acidoses. ... Synonym: cation-anion difference. ... (05 Ma …

anionic
Pertaining to or containing an anion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anionic detergent
Detergents in which the hydrophilic funtion is fulfilled by an anionic grouping. Fatty acids are the best known natural products in this class, but it is doubtful if they have a specific detergent function in any biological system. The important synthetic species are aliphatic sulphate esters, for example sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS or SLS). ... (1 …

anionic detergents
Detergent's, such as soaps (alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids), that carry a negative electric charge on a lipid-like molecule and exert a limited antibacterial effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anionotropy
The migration of a negative ion in tautomeric changes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anions
Negatively charged atoms or radicals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...