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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


annihilation radiation
The radiation resulting when a positron from beta positive decay comes to rest. It encounters an electron, and they annihilate each other and convert their rest mass into two 0.51-MeV gamma rays emitted in exactly opposite directions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anniversaries and special events
Occasions to commemorate an event or occasions designated for a specific purpose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

anniversary
Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary feast. Anniversary day . See Anniversary. Anniversary week, that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and new York. ... Origin: L. Anniversarius; annus year + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. Anniversaire.
annotto
Colouring matter extracted from the seeds of Bixa orellana; contains bixin and several other yellow to orange-red pigments; used for colouring butter, margarine, cheese, and oils. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annual
<biology, plant biology> Describes a plant or other organism that completes its whole life cycle in one year Occuring yearly. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

annual reports
Annual statements concerning the administrative and operational functions of an institution or organization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

annular
<dermatology> Arranged in or forming a ring. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

annular band
Synonym for amniotic bands ... The strands of amniotic tissue adherent to the embryo or foetus; they may cause constriction of embryonic limbs. ... See: congenital amputation. ... Synonym: amniotic adhesions, annular band, constriction ring, Simonart's bands, Simonart's ligaments, Simonart's threads, Streeter's bands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular cartilage
Synonym for cricoid cartilage ... <anatomy> The lower most of the laryngeal cartilages, may be palpated just below the thyroid prominence Adjacent the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring is the cricothyroid membrane, a site used for rapid emergency airway access (cricothyroidotomy). ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

annular cataract
Congenital cataract in which a central white membrane replaces the nucleus. ... Synonym: disk-shaped cataract, life-belt cataract, umbilicated cataract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular illumination
<microscopy> The result of placing a stop in the first focal plane of the condenser to produce an illuminating cone of light with all the light flux near the surface of the cone. The central part of the cone will be dark. This arrangement is often used for a darkfield effect in low-power work by transmitted light. The condenser must be correc …

annular ligament
<anatomy> One of a number of ligament's encircling various parts; the principal annular ligament's are those of the stapes, radius, and trachea. ... See: annular ligament of the radius, annular ligament of the stapes, annular ligaments of the trachea. ... Synonym: ligamentum annulare, orbicular ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular ligament of the radius
The ligament that encircles and holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna, forming the proximal radioulnar joint and enabling pronation/supination of forearm; receives the radial collateral ligament of the elbow. ... Synonym: ligamentum annulare radii, ligamentum orbiculare radii, orbicular ligament of radius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular ligament of the stapes
A ring of elastic fibres that attaches the base of the stapes to the margin of the fenestra vestibuli. ... Synonym: ligamentum annulare stapedis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular ligaments of the trachea
The fibrous membranes that connect adjacent tracheal cartilages. ... Synonym: ligamenta annularia trachealia, ligamenta trachealia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular lipid
The layer(s) of lipid bound to and/or surrounding an integral membrane protein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular pancreas
A rare condition where a ring of pancreatic tissue that forms around the duodenum causing partial or complete obstruction of the duodenum. A complete duodenal obstruction may be detected in the newborn although partial obstructions may not be detected well into adulthood. ... Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms. ... Diagnosis is via upper GI seri …

annular placenta
A placenta in the form of a band encircling the interior of the uterus. ... Synonym: zonary placenta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular plexus
A nerve plexus near the corneoscleral junction from which myelinated and unmyelinated nerves pass to the cornea. ... Synonym: plexus annularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular pulley
Synonym for annular part of fibrous digital sheath ... One of the two circular fibrous bands of the fibrous sheaths of the fingers and toes attached to the shaft of the proximal and middle phalanges. ... Synonym: pars annularis vaginae fibrosae, annular pulley, annulus of fibrous sheath, ligamentum annulare digitorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular scleritis
An often protracted inflammation of the anterior portion of the sclera, forming a ring around the corneoscleral limbus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular scotoma
A circular scotoma surrounding the centre of the field of vision. ... See: ring scotoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular sphincter
A short thickening of circular muscular fibres, similar to a ring; a ring-shaped sphincter as opposed to a segmental sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular staphyloma
A staphyloma extending around the periphery of the cornea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular stop
<microscopy> The opaque ring-shaped stop with a small central opening usually placed in the objective back focal plane to provide dispersion staining. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

annular stricture
A ringlike constriction encircling the wall of a canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular synechia
Adhesion of the entire pupillary margin of the iris to the capsule of the lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annular syphilid
Cutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis in which the papules form annular lesions with raised papular borders and clear central portions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulate lamellae
Organelles described in the oocytes of several animal species. Associated with the nuclear envelope, may be associated with tubulin synthesis from mRNA accumulated in these organelles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

annulet
1. A little ring. ... 2. A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc, used by itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric capital. ... 3. A little circle borne as a charge. ... 4. <zoology> A narrow circle of some distinct colour on a surface or round an organ. ... Origin: Dim. Of annulus. ... Source: Web …

annuloplasty
Reconstruction of the ring (or annulus) of an incompetent cardiac valve. ... Origin: L. Anulus, ring, + G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annuloplasty ring
The dilated annulus is sutured, often to a prosthetic ring, thereby reducing it to its normal systolic size. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulorrhaphy
Closure of a hernial ring by suture. ... Origin: L. Anulus, ring, + G. Rhaphe, seam ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulospiral ending
One of two types of sensory nerve ending associated with a neuromuscular spindle (the other being the flower-spray ending); after entering the muscle spindle, the fibre divides into two flat ribbon-like branches that wind themselves in rings or spirals about the intrafusal muscle fibres. ... Synonym: annulospiral organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulospiral organ
Synonym for annulospiral ending ... One of two types of sensory nerve ending associated with a neuromuscular spindle (the other being the flower-spray ending); after entering the muscle spindle, the fibre divides into two flat ribbon-like branches that wind themselves in rings or spirals about the intrafusal muscle fibres. ... Synonym: annulospiral o …

annulus
Ring like structure, adj. Annulate. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

annulus abdominalis
Synonym for deep inguinal ring ... The opening in the transversalis fascia through which the ductus deferens (or round ligament in the female) and gonadal vessels enter the inguinal canal. Located midway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle, it is bounded medially by the lateral umbilical ligament (inferior epigastric vessels) an …

annulus ciliaris
Synonym for ciliary body ... <anatomy> Tissue that includes the group of muscles that act on the eye lens to produce accommodation and the arterial circle of the iris. ... The inner ciliary epithelium is continuous with the pigmented retinal epithelium, the outer ciliary epithelium secretes the aqueous humour. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

annulus conjunctivae
Synonym for conjunctival ring ... A narrow ring at the junction of the periphery of the cornea with the conjunctiva. ... Synonym: annulus conjunctivae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus femoralis
Synonym for femoral ring ... The superior opening of the femoral canal, bounded anteriorly by the inguinal ligament, posteriorly by the pectineus muscle, medially by the lacunar ligament, and laterally by the femoral vein. Passageway by which many lymphatics from lower limb pass to abdomen. Accommodates enlargement of femoral vein in Valsalva manoeu …

annulus fibrosus
Synonym for fibrous ring of heart ... One of four fibrous rings that surround atrioventricular and arterial orifices of the heart, providing attachment for the valve leaflets and maintaining patency of the orifice. As part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart, the fibrous rings also provide origin and insertion for the myocardium. ... Synonym: annulu …

annulus fibrosus cordis
Synonym for fibrous ring of heart ... One of four fibrous rings that surround atrioventricular and arterial orifices of the heart, providing attachment for the valve leaflets and maintaining patency of the orifice. As part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart, the fibrous rings also provide origin and insertion for the myocardium. ... Synonym: annulu …

annulus haemorrhoidalis
Synonym for haemorrhoidal zone ... The part of the anal canal that contains the rectal venous plexus. ... Synonym: annulus haemorrhoidalis, zona haemorrhoidalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus inguinalis profundus
Synonym for deep inguinal ring ... The opening in the transversalis fascia through which the ductus deferens (or round ligament in the female) and gonadal vessels enter the inguinal canal. Located midway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle, it is bounded medially by the lateral umbilical ligament (inferior epigastric vessels) an …

annulus inguinalis superficialis
Synonym for superficial inguinal ring ... The slit-like opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdominal wall through which the spermatic cord (round ligament in the female) and inguinal hernias emerge from the inguinal canal. ... See: aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle. ... Synonym: annulus inguinalis superfici …

annulus iridis
Synonym for ring of iris ... Either of two zones on the anterior surface of the iris, separated by a circular line concentric with the pupillary border. ... Synonym: annulus iridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus iridis major
Synonym for greater ring of iris ... The outer, broader of the two zones of the iris. ... Synonym: annulus iridis major. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus iridis minor
Synonym for lesser ring of iris ... The narrow inner zone of the iris. ... Synonym: annulus iridis minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus lymphaticus cardiae
Synonym for lymphatic ring of cardiac part of stomach ... A group of lymph nodes surrounding the cardia of the stomach. ... Synonym: annulus lymphaticus cardiae, cardiac lymphatic ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus of fibrous sheath
Synonym for annular part of fibrous digital sheath ... One of the two circular fibrous bands of the fibrous sheaths of the fingers and toes attached to the shaft of the proximal and middle phalanges. ... Synonym: pars annularis vaginae fibrosae, annular pulley, annulus of fibrous sheath, ligamentum annulare digitorum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus ovalis
Synonym for limbus fossae ovalis ... A muscular ring surrounding the fossa ovalis in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. ... Synonym: annulus ovalis, margin of fossa ovalis, Vieussens' annulus, Vieussens' isthmus, Vieussens' limbus, Vieussens' ring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus tendineus communis
Synonym for common tendinous ring ... A fibrous ring that surrounds the optic canal and the medial part of the superior orbital fissure; it gives origin to the four rectus muscles of the eye and is partially fused with the sheath of the optic nerve. ... Synonym: annulus tendineus communis, Zinn's ligament, Zinn's ring, Zinn's tendon. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

annulus tympanicus
Synonym for tympanic ring ... In the foetus, a more or less complete bony ring at the medial end of the cartilaginous external acoustic meatus, to which is attached the tympanic membrane. ... Synonym: annulus tympanicus, tympanic bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

annulus umbilicalis
Synonym for umbilical ring ... An opening in the linea alba through which pass the umbilical vessels in the foetus; in young embryos it is relatively nearer to the pubis, but gradually ascends to the centre of the abdomen; it is closed in the adult, its site being indicated by the umbilicus or navel. ... Synonym: annulus umbilicalis, canalis umbilica …

annulus urethralis
Synonym for sphincter vesicae ... The complete collar of smooth muscle cells of the neck of the urinary bladder which extend distally to surround the preprostatic sportion of the male urethra. There is not a comparable structure in the neck of the femoral bladder; the internal urethral sphincter may exist to prevent reflux of semen into bladder. ... …

annunciation
1. The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the annunciation of peace. ... 2. The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary. The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc, in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day. ... Origin: L. Annuntiatio: cf. F. Ann …

AnOC
<abbreviation> Anodal opening contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anochlesia
Synonym: catalepsy. ... 2. Quietude. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + ochlesis, disturbance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anochromasia
1. Failure of cells or other elements of tissue to be coloured in the usual manner when treated with a stain (or stains). ... 2. Accumulation of haemoglobin in the peripheral zone of erythrocytes, thereby resulting in a pale, virtually colourless central portion. ... Origin: G. Ano, upward, + chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anociassociation
Theory that afferent stimuli, especially pain, contribute to the development of surgical shock, and, as a corollary, that conduction anaesthesia at the surgical field and pre-surgical sedation protect against shock. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + L. Noceo, to injure, + association ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anococcygeal
Relating to both anus and coccyx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anococcygeal body
Synonym for anococcygeal ligament ... <anatomy> A musculofibrous band that passes between the anus and the coccyx. ... Synonym: ligamentum anococcygeum, anococcygeal body, raphe anococcygea, Symington's anococcygeal body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anococcygeal ligament
<anatomy> A musculofibrous band that passes between the anus and the coccyx. ... Synonym: ligamentum anococcygeum, anococcygeal body, raphe anococcygea, Symington's anococcygeal body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anococcygeal nerves
Several small nerves arising from the coccygeal plexus, supplying the skin over the coccyx. ... Synonym: nervi anococcygei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anocutaneous line
Synonym for pectinate line ... The line between the simple columnar epithelium of the rectum and the stratified epithelium of the anal canal. ... Synonym: linea anocutanea, anocutaneous line, dentate line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodal
Of, pertaining to, or emanating from an anode. ... Synonym: anodic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodal closure contraction
An obsolete term for the momentary contraction of a muscle under the influence of the positive pole when the electrical circuit is established. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodal closure tetanus
An obsolete term for a tetanic muscular contraction occurring during the time the circuit is closed, the current then running, while the positive pole is applied. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodal duration tetanus
An obsolete term for the period of muscular contraction occurring at the anode when the electric circuit is closed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodal opening contraction
An obsolete term for the momentary contraction of a muscle under the influence of the positive pole when the circuit is broken. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodal opening tetanus
An obsolete term for a tonic contraction in a muscle, to which the anode is applied, when the circuit is opened. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anode
<microscopy> The electrode to which a major flow of electrons takes place internally (as in a cathode-ray tube) or to which an external positive voltage supply is connected. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

anode rays
Those originating in a gas discharge tube and moving in a direction opposite to that of cathode ray's; made up of positively charged ions. ... Synonym: positive rays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anoderm
Lining of the anal canal immediately inferior to the dentate line and extending for about 1.5 cm. To the anal verge; it is devoid of hair and sebaceous and sweat glands, and so is not true skin, although it is squamous epithelium; it is pale, smooth, thin, and delicate, and shiny when stretched; it is especially vulnerable to abrasion (as from roug …

anodic
Synonym for anodal ... Of, pertaining to, or emanating from an anode. ... Synonym: anodic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodontia
Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

anodontism
Congenital absence of tooth germ development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anodyne
An externally-applied salve or medication that relieves pain ordiscomfort. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

anoetic
Lacking the power of comprehension, as in severe and profound levels of mental retardation. ... Origin: G. Anoesia, from a-priv. + noos, perception ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anogenital
<anatomy> Pertaining to the anus and external genitals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anogenital band
The first indication of the perineum in the embryo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anogenital raphe
In the male embryo the line of closure of the genital folds and swellings extending from the anus to the tip of the penis; it is differentiated in the adult into three regions: perineal raphe, scrotal raphe, and penile raphe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalad
A malformation together with its subsequently derived structural changes. ... Origin: see anomaly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalistic
Synonym for anomalistical ... 1. Irregular; departing from common or established rules. ... 2. <astronomy> Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion. Anomalistic month. See Month. Anomalistic revolution, the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or …

anomalistical
1. Irregular; departing from common or established rules. ... 2. <astronomy> Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion. Anomalistic month. See Month. Anomalistic revolution, the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in its ellipti …

anomaloscope
<instrument> An instrument used to diagnose abnormalities of colour perception in which one-half of a field of colour is matched by mixing two other colours. ... Origin: G. Anomalos, irregular, + skopeo, to examine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalous complex
A complex in the electrocardiogram differing significantly from the physiologic type in the same lead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalous conduction
Conduction of cardiac electrical impulses through any abnormal pathway. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalous correspondence
Abnormal correspondence, a condition, frequent in strabismus, in which corresponding retinal points do not have the same visual direction; the fovea of one eye corresponds to an extrafoveal area of the fellow eye. ... Synonym: abnormal correspondence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalous diffusion
<radiobiology> Diffusion in most plasma devices, particularly tokamaks, is higher than what one would predict from understood causes. The observed, typical diffusion is referred to as anomalous because it has not yet been explained. ... Anomalous diffusion includes all diffusion which is not due to collisions and geometric effects. While such …

anomalous mitral arcade
Short chordae tendineae extending from both papillary muscles to the central portion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and resulting in stenosis or incompetence of the valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalous trichromatism
A defect in colour perception in which there appears to be an abnormality or deficiency in one of the three primary pigments of the retinal cones. ... See: protanomaly, deuteranomaly, tritanomaly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalous uterus
A malformed uterus caused by abnormal development or fusion of the paramesonephric ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomalous viscosity
The viscous behaviour of nonhomogenous fluids or suspensions, e.g., blood, in which the apparent viscosity increases as flow or shear rate decreases toward zero. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomaly
A marked deviation from the normal standard, especially as a result of congenital defects. ... Origin: Gr. Anomalia ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anomer
<biochemistry> Stereoisomers of a sugar which differ only in how they are configured about their respective carbonyl (anomeric) carbon atom. Interconversion (mutarotation) is anomerisation and is promoted by mutarotases (aldose epimerases). ... (13 Oct 1997) ...

anomeric carbon
The reducing carbon of a sugar; C-1 of an aldose, C-2 of a 2-ketose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomic aphasia
Synonym for nominal aphasia ... An aphasia in which the principal deficit is difficulty in naming persons and objects seen, heard, or felt; due to lesions in various portions of the language area. ... Synonym: amnestic aphasia, amnesic aphasia, anomia, anomic aphasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anomie
A state of social disorganization and demoralization in society which is largely the result of disharmony between cultural goals and the means for attaining them. This may be reflected in the behaviour of the individual in many ways - non-conformity, social withdrawal, deviant behaviour, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

anonychosis
Absence of the nails. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + onyx (onych-), nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...