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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

amylasuria
The excretion of amylase (sometimes termed diastase) in the urine, especially increased amounts likely in acute pancreatitis. ... Synonym: diastasuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylic fermentation
Fermentation of potato or corn mash, or other starchy material, by which fusel oil is produced. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylin
Natural hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that moderates the glucose lowering effects of insulin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amylo-
Starch, or polysaccharide nature or origin. ... Origin: G. Amylon, unmilled; starch, fr. A-+ myle, a mill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylo-1,6-glucosidase
<enzyme> Catalyses endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-d-glucoside linkages at points of branching in chains of 1,4-linked alpha-d-glucose residues ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.33 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

amylocaine hydrochloride
1-(Dimethylaminomethyl)-1-methylpropyl benzoate hydrochloride; benzoylethyldimethylaminopropanol hydrochloride;an early local anaesthetic once widely used but eventually abandoned because of side effects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloclast
An obsolete term for amylase. ... Origin: amylo-+ G. Klastos, broken in pieces ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylodextrin
End product of hydrolysis of amylopectin by beta-amylase; further hydrolysis requires amylo-1,6-glucosidase, which attacks the branch points. Identified by its colour reaction with iodine (amylodextrin turns blue). ... Compare: achroodextrin, erythrodextrin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylogenesis
Biosynthesis of starch. ... Origin: amylo-+ G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylogenic
Relating to amylogenesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylogenic body
Synonym for amyloplast ... A plant plastid involved in the synthesis and storage of starch. Found in many cell types, but particularly storage tissues. Characteristically has starch grains in the plastid stroma. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amyloglucosidase
Synonym for exo-1,4-alpha-d-glucosidase ... A hydrolase removing terminal alpha-1,4-linked d-glucose residues from nonreducing ends of chains, with release of beta-d-glucose. ... Synonym: acid maltase, amyloglucosidase, gamma-amylase, glucoamylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloid
Glycoprotein deposited extracellularly in tissues in amyloidosis. The glycoprotein may either derive from light chain of immunoglobulin (AIO (amyloid of immune origin): 5-18 kD glycoprotein, product of a single clone of plasma cells, the N terminal part of lambda or kappa light chain) or, in what used to be referred to as AUO, amyloid of unknown or …

amyloid A-degrading serine protease
<enzyme> Reduced in amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: amyloid a-degrading activity, aad-protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

amyloid angiopathy
Deposition of acellular hyaline material in small arteries and arterioles of the leptomeninges and cerebral cortex in the elderly with resulting predilection for recurrent lobar intraparenchymal haematomas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloid beta-protein
A 4 kD protein, 39-43 amino acids long, expressed by a gene located on chromosome 21. It is the major protein subunit of the vascular and plaque amyloid filaments in individuals with alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (down syndrome). The protein is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of i …

amyloid beta-protein precursor
A precursor to the amyloid-beta protein (beta/a4). Alterations in the expression of the amyloid beta-protein precursor (abpp) gene, located on chromosome 21, plays a role in the development of the neuropathology common to both alzheimer disease and down syndrome. Abpp is associated with the extensive extracellular matrix secreted by neuronal cells. …

amyloid bodies of the prostate
An obsolete term for small masses of colloid material often present in the tubules of the gland. ... See: corpus amylaceum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloid corpuscle
Synonym for corpus amylaceum ... One of a number of small ovoid or rounded, sometimes laminated, bodies resembling a grain of starch and found in nervous tissue, in the prostate, and in pulmonary alveoli; of little pathological significance, and apparently derived from degenerated cells or proteinaceous secretions. ... Synonym: amniotic corpuscle, am …

amyloid degeneration
Infiltration of amyloid between cells and fibres of tissues and organs. ... Synonym: waxy degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloid kidney
A kidney in which amyloidosis has occurred, usually in association with some chronic illness such as multiple myeloma, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, or other chronic suppurative inflammation; such kidney's are moderately enlarged and grossly manifest a waxy appearance, with amyloid deposited beneath the endothelium in the glomerular loops and in the …

amyloid nephrosis
The nephrotic syndrome due to deposition of amyloid in the kidney. ... See: renal amyloidosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloid neuropathies
Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with deposition of amyloid. Amyloid neuropathies may result from non-hereditary or hereditary amyloidosis. Several different forms of familial amyloid neuropathies have been described, most of which have specific mutations in the prealbumin gene. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amyloid p component
Amyloid p component is a small, non-fibrillar glycoprotein found in normal serum and in all amyloid deposits. It has a pentagonal (pentaxin) structure. It acts as an acute phase protein in the mouse, modulates immunologic responses in man, inhibits elastase, and has been suggested as an indicator of liver disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amyloid precursor protein
<protein> Individuals with Alzheimer's disease are characterised by extensive accumulation of amyloid in the brain, referred to as senile plaques. These consist of a core of amyloid fibrils surrounded by dystrophic neurites. The principal component of the amyloid fibrils is B/A4, a peptide derived from the larger APP. The specific role of amy …

amyloid protein
Synonym for amyloid ... Glycoprotein deposited extracellularly in tissues in amyloidosis. The glycoprotein may either derive from light chain of immunoglobulin (AIO (amyloid of immune origin): 5-18 kD glycoprotein, product of a single clone of plasma cells, the N terminal part of lambda or kappa light chain) or, in what used to be referred to as AUO …

amyloid protein aa
A nonimmunoglobulin amyloid isolated from amyloid fibrils deposited in amyloidosis secondary to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Antisera to amyloid protein aa have been used to detect a related serum protein saa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amyloid protein saa
A serum protein believed to be a circulating precursor to amyloid protein aa. It is present in low concentrations in normal sera, but found in much higher concentrations in sera of older persons and in patients with amyloidosis or with diseases known to predispose to amyloidosis. Very high levels of this protein have been reported during acute infl …

amyloid tumour
Synonym for nodular amyloidosis ... A localised form of amyloidosis in which amyloid occurs as masses or nodules beneath the skin or mucous membranes, e.g., in the larynx. ... Synonym: amyloid tumour, focal amyloidosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloidogenic glycoprotein
<protein> An integral membrane glycoprotein of the brain and related to the Drosophila vnd gene product. A precursor of _ amyloid, that accumulates in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. ... See: amyloid precursor protein. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amyloidosis
Deposition of amyloid. A common complication of several diseases (leprosy, tuberculosis), often associated with perturbation of the immune system, although there may be immunosuppression or enhancement. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amyloidosis cutis
Synonym for lichenoid amyloidosis ... Localised cutaneous amyloidosis with pruritic brownish-red papules, most commonly on the lower legs, due to amyloid infiltration of the papillary dermis. ... Synonym: amyloidosis cutis, lichen amyloidosis. ... Origin: G. Leichen, lichen, a lichen-like eruption + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloidosis of multiple myeloma
Foci of amyloidosis in mesenchymal tissues of some persons with multiple myeloma; no direct relation between amyloid and Bence Jones protein is conclusively known. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylolysis
Hydrolysis of starch into soluble products. ... Origin: amylo-+ G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylomaltase
Synonym for 4-alpha-d-glucanotransferase ... Dextrin transglycosylase or glycosyltransferase;a 4-glycosyltransferase converting maltodextrins into amylose and glucose by transferring parts of 1,4-glucan chains to new 4-positions on glucose or other 1,4-glucans. ... Synonym: amylomaltase, D enzyme, dextrin glycosyltransferase, dextrin transglycosylase …

amylopectin
<protein> Component of starch in which glucose chain is _ 1,4 linked (_ 1,6 at branch points). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amylopectin 1,6-glucosidase
Former name for an enzyme now known to be at least two enzymes, alpha-dextrin endo-glucanohydrolase and isoamylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase
Former name for alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylopectin synthase
<enzyme> From eimeria tenella; catalyses udpglucose alpha 1,4-glucan alpha-4-glucosyltransferase forming amylopectin, similar to glycogen synthase in eukaryotes ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

amylopectinosis
See: type 4 glycogenosis. ... Origin: amylopectin + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylophagia
A morbid craving for starch. ... Synonym: starch-eating. ... Origin: amylo-+ G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyloplast
A plant plastid involved in the synthesis and storage of starch. Found in many cell types, but particularly storage tissues. Characteristically has starch grains in the plastid stroma. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amylopsin
The amylase of pancreatic juice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylopullulanase
<enzyme> Has both pullulanase and alpha-amylase activities; apua encodes alkaline amylopullulanase from bacillus; genbank m97665 ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: alkaline amylopullulanase, apua gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

amylorrhoea
Passage of undigested starch in the stools, implying a deficiency of amylase activity in the intestine. ... Origin: amylo-+ G. Rhoia, flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylose
A linear polysaccharide formed from _ D glucopyranosyl units in _ 1,4 linkage. Found both in starch (starch amylose) and glycogen (glycogen amylose). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amylosuria
Excretion of starch in the urine. ... Synonym: amyluria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amylum
Synonym for starch ... <biochemistry> Storage carbohydrate of plants, consisting of amylose (a linear _(1-4) glucan) and amylopectin (an _(1-4) glucan with _(1-6) branch points). Present as starch grains in plastids, especially in amyloplasts and chloroplasts. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amyluria
Synonym for amylosuria ... Excretion of starch in the urine. ... Synonym: amyluria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyocardia
An obsolete term for weakness of the heart muscle. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + mys, muscle, + kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyoesthesia
Amyoesthesis ... Absence of muscle sensation. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + mys, muscle, + aisthesis, perception ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyoplasia
Deficient formation of muscle tissue and deficient muscle growth. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + mys, muscle, + plasis, a molding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyoplasia congenita
Synonym for arthrogryposis multiplex congenita ... Limitation of range of joint motion and contractures present at birth, usually involving multiple joints; a syndrome probably of diverse aetiology that may result from changes in spinal cord, muscle, or connective tissue. Several forms exist, autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked. ... Synonym: …

amyostasia
Difficulty in standing, due to muscular tremor or incoordination. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + mys, muscle, + stasis, standing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyostatic
Showing muscular tremors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyosthenia
Muscular weakness. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + mys, muscle, + sthenos, strength ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyosthenic
Relating to or causing muscular weakness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyotaxy
Amyotaxia ... Muscular ataxia. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + mys, muscle, + taxis, order ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyotonia
Generalised absence of muscle tone, usually associated with flabby musculature and an increased range of passive movement at joints. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + mys, muscle, + tonos, tone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyotonia congenita
Atonic pseudoparalysis of congenital origin (neither familial nor hereditary), observed especially in infants and characterised by absences of muscular tone only in muscles innervated by the spinal nerves. ... Synonym: congenital atonic pseudoparalysis, myatonia congenita, Oppenheim's disease, Oppenheim's syndrome. ... An indefinite term for a number …

amyotrophia
Synonym for amyotrophy ... A type of diabetic neuropathy that causes muscle weakness and wasting. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

amyotrophic
Relating to muscular atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A serious neurologic disease that results from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

amyotrophy
A type of diabetic neuropathy that causes muscle weakness and wasting. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

amyotropic lateral sclerosis
A chronic progressive disease of motor neurons (the nerves that come from the spinal cord to supply electrical energy to the muscles). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

amytal
A barbiturate that inhibits respiration. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

amyxorrhoea
Absence of the normal secretion of mucus. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + myxa, mucus, + rhoia, flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ANA
Synonym for antinuclear antibody ... <immunology> Antinuclear antibody is an antibody that react against components of the cell nucleus such as DNA, RNA, histone or non-histone proteins. ... These antibodies are present in a variety of immunologic or autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, scleroderma, Sj …

Anabaena
<bacteria> A genus of Cyanobacteria that forms filamentous colonies with specialised cells, capable of nitrogen fixation. Ecologically important in wet tropical soils and forms symbiotic associations with the fern Azolla. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anabasine
<chemical> 2-(3-pyridyl)piperidine. Botanical insecticide. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide, botanical. ... Chemical name: Pyridine, 3-(2-piperidinyl)-, (S)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

anabiosis
Resuscitation after apparent death. ... Origin: G. A reviving, fr. Ana, again, + biosis, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anabiotic
1. Resuscitating or restorative. ... 2. A revivifying remedy; a powerful stimulant. ... Origin: ana-+ G. Bios, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anabiotic cells
Cell's that are capable of resuscitation after apparent death; the existence of anabiotic tumour cell's is postulated to explain the recurrence of a cancer after a very long symptomless period following operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anabolic
<biochemistry> Relating to, characterised by or promoting anabolism. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anabolic pathway
<biochemistry> A reaction or series of reactions in a metabolic pathway that synthesise complex molecules from simpler ones, usually requiring the input of energy. ... Compare: catabolic pathway. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

anabolic steroid
<endocrinology> A type of steroid hormone that stimulates the synthesis of protein. Anabolic steroids are compounds which stimulate the body into anabolism. This process involves the building of complex compounds from smaller simpler ones (for example proteins are built from amino acids). This process requires energy. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

anabolic steroids
Any of a group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone, having pronounced anabolic properties and relatively weak androgenic properties, that are used mainly to promote growth and repair body tissues. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

anabolism
Synthesis, opposite of catabolism. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

anabolite
Any substance formed as a result of anabolic processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anabrosis
Archaic term for superficial erosion or ulceration. ... Origin: G. Fr. Ana, up, + bibrosko, to eat up ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anabrotic
An obsolete term for a substance that produces ulceration or erosion of the skin surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacamptometer
Instrument for measuring the intensity of the deep reflexes. ... Origin: G. Anakampsis, a bending back, reflection, + metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacardiol
3-Ethoxy-N,N-diethyl-4-hydroxybenzamide;an analeptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacatesthesia
A hovering sensation. ... Origin: G. Ana, up, + kata, down, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacidity
Absence of acidity; used especially to denote absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaclasis
1. Reflection of light or sound. ... 2. Refraction of the ocular media. ... Origin: G. A bending back, reflection ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaclastic
1. <optics> Produced by the refraction of light, as seen through water; as, anaclastic curves. ... 2. Springing back, as the bottom of an anaclastic glass. Anaclastic glass, a glass or phial, shaped like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form with a smart crac …

anaclitic
Leaning or depending upon; in psychoanalysis, relating to the dependence of the infant on the mother or mother substitute. ... See: anaclitic depression. ... Origin: G. Ana, toward, + klino, to lean ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaclitic depression
Impairment of an infant's physical, social, and intellectual development following separation from its mother or from a mothering surrogate; characterised by listlessness, withdrawal, and anorexia. ... See: hospitalism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anaclitic psychotherapy
A psychotherapeutic method characterised by encouragement and utilization of the patient's tendency to depend and lean upon the therapist as an authority figure; often contrasted with psychoanalytic therapy, which seeks to dissolve, rather than exploit, this phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacmesis
An obsolete spelling for anakmesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacrotic limb
The ascending limb of an arterial pulse tracing. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacrotic pulse
A pulse wave showing one or more notches or indentations on its rising limb that are sometimes detectable by palpation. ... Synonym: pulsus anadicrotus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anacusis
Total loss or absence of the ability to perceive sound as such. ... Synonym: anakusis. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + akousis, hearing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anadenia
Absence of glands or abeyance of glandular function. ... Origin: G. An-priv. + aden, gland ... Anadenia ventriculi, absence of glands from the stomach. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anadicrotism
Synonym: anacrotism. ... Origin: G. Ana, up, + di-krotos, double beating ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anadidymus
Synonym: duplicitas posterior. ... Origin: G. Ana, up, + didymos, twin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anadipsia
Rarely used term for extreme thirst. ... See: polydipsia. ... Origin: G. Ana, intensive, + dipsa, thirst ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anadrenalism
Complete lack of adrenal function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

anadromous
Moving from the sea to fresh water for reproduction. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...