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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

alpha-prodine hydrochloride
See: alphaprodine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alpha-ribazole
1-alpha-d-ribofuranosyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole;the benzimidazole nucleoside in vitamin B12. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alpha-santonin-1,2-reductase
<enzyme> From pseudomonas cichorii s.; catalyses the reduction of the 1,2-double bond of santonin; NADH or NADPH dependent ... Registry number: EC 1.3.1.- ... Synonym: santonin 1,2-reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alpha-sarcin
A fungal toxin that acts on the large subunit of rRNA and inactivates the ribosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alpha-streptococci
Streptococci that form a green variety of reduced haemoglobin in the area of the colony on a blood agar medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alpha-tocopherol
<chemical> A light yellow, viscous, odourless, oily liquid that deteriorates on exposure to light, is obtained from wheat germ oil or by synthesis, biologically exhibits the most vitamin E activity of the alpha-tocopherol's, and is an antioxidant retarding rancidity by interfering with the autoxidation of fats. ... Prepared from natural phytol …

alpha-tubulin acetylase
<enzyme> From chlamydomonas flagella; catalyses the acetylation of alpha-tubulin-l-lysine in the presence of acetyl-CoA to yield CoA and alpha-tubulin n(epsilon)-acetyl-l-lysine ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.108 ... Synonym: alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alpha, alpha-phosphotrehalase
<enzyme> Forms glucose plus glucose-6-phosphate ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.93 ... Synonym: trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase, phospho-alpha(1,1)glucosidase, trea gene product, trec gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase
<enzyme> Chemical name: alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranose orthophosphate glucosyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.64 ... Synonym: trehalose phosphorylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alpha,beta-ketoalkene reductase
<enzyme> Nadh is much less effective than NADPH; catalyses the reduction of the carbon-carbon double bond of five membered ring cpds which have two conjugated carbonyl groups on both sides of a double bond ... Registry number: EC 1.3.1.- ... Synonym: n-ethylmaleimide reducing enzyme, NADPH-linked alpha,beta-ketoalkene double bond reductase, n-e …

alpha(1-6)mannosidase
<enzyme> Human lysosomal enzyme highly specific for alpha 1-6 mannose residues; inhibited by swainsonine; not the same enzyme which is deficient in alpha-mannosidosis ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alpha(2,8)-sialyltransferase
<enzyme> Active towards gm1b, gd1a, gt1b, and gd3 gangliosides; genbank u91641 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... Synonym: st8sia v, hst8sia v ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alpha2-8-KDN-transferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the transfer of deaminated neuraminic acid, kdn (2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nononic acid) from cmp-kdn to the non-reducing termini of oligo-polysialyl chains of polysialoglycoprotein ... Registry number: EC 2.4.99.- ... Synonym: kdn-transferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alphabet
1. The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters or signs which form the elements of written language. ... 2. The simplest rudiments; elements. 'The very alphabet of our law.' (Macaulay) Deaf and dumb alphabet. See Dactylology. ... Origin: L. Alphabetum, fr. Gr. +, the first two Greek letters; Heb. Aleph and beth: c …

alphadione
An intravenous anaesthetic containing two steroids, alfaxalone, and alfadolone acetate, dissolved in 20% polyoxyethylated castor oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alphaherpesvirinae
<virology> A subfamily of herpesviridae characterised by a short replication cycle. There are two genera: simplexvirus and varicellovirus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alphaprodine
<chemical> An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of meperidine, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, narcotics. ... Chemical nam …

alphasone acetophenide
Synonym for algestone acetophenide ... <chemical> (16 alpha(r))-16,17-((1-phenylethylidene)bis(oxy))pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A progesterone that has been used in estrus synchronization and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also used therapeutically as a topical anti-inflammatory and …

alphavirus
A genus of togaviridae, also known as group a arboviruses, serologically related to each other but not to other togaviridae. The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. The type species is the sindbis virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alphavirus infections
Virus diseases caused by members of the alphavirus genus of the family togaviridae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alphos
An obsolete term for psoriasis. ... Origin: G. Alphos, leprosy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alpidem
A benzodiazepine anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alpine scurvy
Synonym for pellagra ... <disease> A niacin deficiency disease (pellagra) caused by improper diet and characterised by skin lesions, gastrointestinal disturbances and nervousness. Depression, dermatitis, dementia and diarrhoea are common symptoms. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Alport syndrome
<syndrome> An uncommon inherited disorder involving damage to the kidneys, haematuria and hearing loss. In some individuals vision may also be affected. ... Symptoms include loss of hearing, abnormal colour to urine, swelling, cough and decline in vision. ... Incidence: 1 in 50,000. ... Inheritance: sex-linked autosomal dominant. ... (15 Nov 1997 …

Alport, Arthur Cecil
<person> South African physician, 1880-1959. ... See: Alport's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alport's syndrome
<syndrome> Progressive microscopic haematuria leading to chronic renal failure earlier in males, accompanied by defects such as sensorineural hearing loss, lenticonus, and maculopathy; autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked forms known. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alprazolam
<drug> This is a prescription drug used to treat anxiety. ... It is a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore have a negative impact on coordination and mental alertness. Side effects typically include drowsiness and/or mood changes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alprenolol
<chemical> 1-((1-methylethyl)amino)-3-(2-(2-propenyl)phenoxy)-2-propanol. Adrenergic beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic beta-antagonists, anti-arrhythmia agents, antihypertensive agents, sympatholytics. ... Chemical name: 2-Propanol, 1-((1-methylethyl)amino)- …

alprenolol hydrochloride
The hydrochloride salt of 1-(o-allylphenoxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol; a beta-receptor blocking agent, used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alprostadil
<chemical> A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow. It inhibits platelet aggregation and has many other biological effects such as bronchodilation, mediation of inflammation, etc. ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agent, platelet aggregation inhibitors, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Prost-13-en-1-oic acid …

ALS
A serious neurologic disease that results from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alseroxylon
A fat-soluble alkaloidal fraction extracted from the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, containing reserpine and other nonadrenolytic amorphous alkaloids; used as a sedative in psychoses, in mild hypertension, and as an adjunct to more potent hypotensive drugs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

also
1. In like manner; likewise. ... 2. In addition; besides; as well; further; too. 'Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.' (Matt. Vi. 20) ... 3. Even as; as; so. ... Synonym: Also, Likewise, Too. ... These words are used by way of transition, in leaving one thought and passing to anothe …

Alstrom, Carl-Henry
<person> Swedish geneticist, *1907. ... See: Alstrom's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alstrom's syndrome
<syndrome> Retinal degeneration with nystagmus and loss of central vision, associated with obesity in childhood; sensorineural hearing loss and diabetes mellitus usually occur after age 10; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ALT
<enzyme> A liver enzyme that plays a role in protein metabolism, like AST (see). Elevated serum levels of ALT are a sign of liver damage from disease or drugs. ... Synonym: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. ... (13 Jan 1998) ...

altar
1. A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity. 'Noah builded an altar unto the Lord.' (Gen. Viii. 20) ... 2. In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion table. ... Altar is much …

alteplase
<drug> A thrombolytic agent which works by activating the bodys own fibrinolytic system by activating the production of plasmin from plasminogen. Plasmin is an enzyme which degrades fibrin clots and fibrinogen, as well as several other protein clotting factors. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alteration
1. A change. ... 2. A changing; a making different. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alterative inflammation
A local reaction to injury, occasionally observed in the walls of blood vessels and in parenchymal cells of various organs in reacting to certain chemicals, viruses, and other intracellular agents; the response is characterised by degenerative changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, frequently resulting in necrosis, but exudation (if any) is ordinari …

altercursive intubation
Rarely used term for diversion of secretion intermittently to the exterior from its normal destination, e.g., of the bile from the intestine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

altered self hypothesis
The hypothesis that the T-cell receptor in MHC mediated phenomena recognises a syngeneic MHC Class I or Class II molecule after modification by a virus or certain chemicals. ... See: MHC restriction. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alteregoism
Identification with people of similar personality to one's own. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alternans
Alternating; KP7>often used substantively for alternation of the heart, either electrical or mechanical. Alternating; used as a noun in the sense of pulsus alternans. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternansucrase
<enzyme> Leuconostoc mesenteroides enzyme synthesises a glucan with alternating 1-6 and 1-3 linkages ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... Synonym: glucansucrase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alternaria
A deuteromycetous fungal genus including several plant pathogens and at least one species which produces a highly phytotoxic antibiotic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alternate
Cause to occur or appear one after the other. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alternate cover test
A test to detect phoria or strabismus; attention is directed to a small fixation object, and one eye is covered for several seconds; then the cover is moved quickly to the other eye; if the eye moves when it is uncovered, a strabismus or phoria is present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternate day strabismus
Synonym for cyclic esotropia ... Periodic convergent strabismus often occurring every 48 hours. ... Synonym: alternate day strabismus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternating current
Electrical current which alternates direction periodically. (For instance, household electric current is AC alternating at 60 oscillations/sec (60 Hertz) in the United States, and 50 Hertz in many other countries.) ... Acronym: AC ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alternating light test
Test to detect a relative afferent defect in one eye by watching pupillary movements. ... With the patient fixing in the distance, the light is held on each eye for about a second, and quickly moved to the other eye. Assuming no defect of the innervation to the iris sphincter in one eye (which would produce an anisocoria in light), the eye with the …

alternating mydriasis
Mydriasis alternately affecting each eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternating pulse
Mechanical alternation, a pulse regular in time but with alternate beats stronger and weaker, often detectable only with the sphygmomanometer and usually indicating serious myocardial disease. ... Synonym: pulsus alternans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternating strabismus
A form of strabismus in which either eye fixes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternating tremor
A form of hyperkinesia characterised by regular, symmetrical, to-and-fro movements (at about 4 per second) that are produced by patterned, alternating contraction of muscles and their antagonists. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternation
1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear. ... 2. <mathematics> Permutation. ... 3. The response of the congregation speaking alternately with th …

alternation of generations
The occurrence in one life history of two or more different forms differently produced, usually an alternation of a sexual with an asexual form. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alternative
Available in place of something else. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alternative hypothesis
In Neyman-Pearson testing of a hypothesis, the hypothesis or family of hypotheses about the numerical value of a parameter if and only if the null hypothesis is rejected as untenable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternative inheritance
Galton's term for an assumed form in which all the characters are derived from one parent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternative medicine
A catch-all phrase for a long list of treatments or medicinal systems including traditional systems such as Chinese or Ayurvedic medicine, homeopathy, various herbals and other miscellaneous treatments that have not been accepted by the mainstream, or Western, medical establishment. Alternative medicine is also referred to as complementary medicine …

alternative mRNA splicing
Splicing different exons in or out of messenger RNA to form different mRNA transcripts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alternative oxidase
<enzyme> The terminal oxidase in alternative pathway respiration, as seen in plants like sauromatum guttatum (voodoo lily); amino acid sequence for tobacco alternative oxidase (aox1) in first source ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: aox1 gene product, aox2 gene product, aox3 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alternative oxidase pathway
Pathway of mitochondrial electron transport in higher plants, particularly in fruits and seeds, that does not involve cytochrome oxidase and thus is resistant to cyanide. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alternative pathway
See: complement activation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alternative splicing
A process whereby multiple protein isoforms are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of nonconsecutive exons during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form messenger RNA. The alternative forms pr …

alternative therapy
A term given to nonconventional therapy usually given by persons who do not have a medical qualification. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

alternative tremor
A coarse, low frequency (3-8 Hz) pathologic tremor produced by alternating contraction of muscles and their antagonists; seen with Parkinson disease and kinetic predominant action tremor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternator
Mechanical apparatus with movable transparent racks to which a large number of radiographs can be attached, to enable selection and viewing in front of a stationary bank of lights. ... Origin: L. Alterno, to do by turns, fr. Alter, either of two ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alternocular
Denoting the use of each eye separately instead of binocularly. ... Origin: L. Alternus, by turns, + ocular ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alteromonas
A Gram-negative bacteria that has curved rods and is motile by means of a single polar flagellum. It requires a seawater base for growth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alteromonas putrefaciens
A marine species implicated as a cause of fish spoilage but rarely as a human pathogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Altherr, Franz
<person> ... See: Meyenburg-Altherr-Uehlinger syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

althesin
<chemical> 3-hydroxypregnane-11,20-dione mixture with 21-(acetyloxy)-3-hydroxypregnane-11,20-dione (3:1). A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anaesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. ... Chemical name: Pregnane-11,20-dione, 21-(acetyloxy)-3-hydroxy-, (3alpha,5alpha)-, mixt. With …

altitude
1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree. ... 2. <astronomy> The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, meas …

altitude chamber
A decompression chamber for simulating a high altitude environment, particularly its low barometric pressure. ... Synonym: high altitude chamber. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

altitude disease
Synonym for altitude sickness ... A condition that results from prolonged exposure to high altitude. ... Symptoms include a continuous dry cough, shortness of breath, poor exercise tolerance, dizziness, headache, sleep difficulty, anorexia, confusion, fatigue and a rapid pulse. ... Treatment includes the immediate movement to a lower altitude. Prophyl …

altitude erythraemia
Synonym for chronic mountain sickness ... Loss of high altitude tolerance after prolonged exposure (e.g., by residence), characterised by extreme polycythemia, exaggerated hypoxaemia, and reduced mental and physical capacity; relieved by descent. ... Synonym: altitude erythraemia, chronic soroche, Monge's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

altitude sickness
A condition that results from prolonged exposure to high altitude. ... Symptoms include a continuous dry cough, shortness of breath, poor exercise tolerance, dizziness, headache, sleep difficulty, anorexia, confusion, fatigue and a rapid pulse. ... Treatment includes the immediate movement to a lower altitude. Prophylaxis has been accomplished succes …

altitudinal
Relating to vertical relationships; e.g., altitudinal hemianopsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

altitudinal hemianopia
A defect in the visual field in which the upper or lower half is lost; may be unilateral or bilateral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Altmann-Gersh method
The method of rapidly freezing a tissue and dehydrating it in a vacuum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Altmann, Richard
<person> German histologist, 1852-1900. ... See: Altmann's fixative, Altmann's granule, Altmann's anilin-acid fuchsin stain, Altmann's theory, Altmann-Gersh method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Altmann's anilin-acid fuchsin stain
<technique> A mixture of picric acid, anilin, and acid fuchsin which stains mitochondria crimson against a yellow background. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Altmann's fixative
A bichromate-osmic acid fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Altmann's granule
Synonym for fuchsinophil granule ... A granule that has an affinity for fuchsin. ... Synonym: Altmann's granule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Altmann's theory
A theory that protoplasm consists of granular particles (called bioblasts) that are clustered and enclosed in indifferent matter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alto
Origin: It. Alto high, fr. L. Altus. Cf. Alt. ... 1. Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the tenor. ... 2. An alto singer. Alto clef the counter-tenor clef, or the C clef, placed so that …

altretamine
<chemical> N,n,n',n',n'',n''-hexamethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine. An alkylating agent proposed as an antineoplastic. It also acts as a chemosterilant for male houseflies and other insects. ... Pharmacological action: alkylating agents, antineoplastic agent, alkylating, chemosterilants. ... Chemical name: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N,N, …

altrigendrism
Natural, wholesome, nonerotic activity between the sexes. ... Origin: L. Alter, the other, + gender ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

altrose
An aldohexose isomeric with glucose, tallose, allose, etc. D-Altrose is epimeric with d-mannose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alu
1. Type II restriction endonuclease, isolated from Arthrobacter luteus. The recognition sequence is 5' AG/CT 3'. ... 2. Alu sequences are highly repetitive sequences found in large numbers 100-500,000) in the human genome and that are cleaved more than once within each sequence by the Alu endonuclease. The Alu sequences look like DNA copies of mRNA …

alu elements
<molecular biology> A set of closely related genetic sequences, each about 300 base pairs long, in the human genome. ... There are 500,000 to 600,000 copies widely dispersed among all 46 chromosomes: They act as markers for human DNA sequences, although their function in the genome is unknown. The DNA fragments containing the Alu elements are …

alu family
A set of dispersed sequences in the human genome having Alu cleavage sites at each end. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alu sequence
Any of a family of short (300 basepairs long) repeated sequences that occur throughout the human genome. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Alu sequences
In the human genome a repeated, relatively conserved sequence of about 300 bp that often contains a cleavage site for the restriction enzyme AluI near the centre; about 1 million copies in the human genome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alu-equivalent family
A set of sequences in a mammalian genome that is related to the human Alu family. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alum
<chemistry> A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (especially. An alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization. ... Common alum is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is exten …

alum compounds
Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhoea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alum-haematoxylin
A purple nuclear stain used in histology; a mixture of an aqueous solution of ammonium alum and an alcoholic solution of haematoxylin which is ripened or oxidised to haematein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...