Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type cn-h2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkenyl
The radical of an alkene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkide
Synonym for alkyl ... 1. A hydrocarbon radical of the general formula CnH2n+1. ... 2. A compound, such as tetraethyl lead, in which a metal is combined with alkyl radicals. ... Synonym: alkide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkyl
1. A hydrocarbon radical of the general formula CnH2n+1. ... 2. A compound, such as tetraethyl lead, in which a metal is combined with alkyl radicals. ... Synonym: alkide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkyl and aryl transferases
<enzyme> A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). ... Registry number: EC 2.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkyl group
<chemistry> A funtional group on an organic molecule which is derived from an alkane which has lost a hydrogen atom. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkyl hydroperoxide reductase
<enzyme> Reduces an alkyl hydroperoxide to the corresponding alcohol in the presence of NADPH; ahpc gene product from salmonella typhimurium ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: ahpc gene product, alkylhydroperoxide reductase, ahpf gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkylacetylglycerophosphatase
<enzyme> Involved in the synthesis of platelet-activating factor ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.59 ... Synonym: alkylacetyl-gp phosphohydrolase, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkylamine
An alkane containing an -NH2 group in place of one H atom; e.g., ethylamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkylating agent
<oncology, pharmacology> A reagent that places an alkyl group, for example propyl in place of a nucleophilic group in a molecule. Alkylating reagents include a number of cytotoxic drugs some of which react fairly specifically with N7 of the purine ring and lead to depurination of DNA, for example the agent ethyl ethanesulphonic acid and thus …

alkylating agents
Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agent, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases. ... (12 Dec 1998) …

alkylation
The substitution of an alkyl group for an active hydrogen atom in an organic compound. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkylglycerol kinase
<enzyme> Forms 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.93 ... Synonym: alkylglycerol phosphotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkylglycerone-phosphate synthase
<enzyme> Replaces the acyl moiety of acyldhap with a long chain fatty alcohol; intact alcohol including the oxygen atom is incorporated into alkyl-dhap ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.26 ... Synonym: adhps, alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase, alkyl-dhap synthase, alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate synthetase, acylglycerone-3-phosphate-long ch …

alkylhalidase
<enzyme> Acts on haloalkanes to form aldehyde and halogen(s) ... Registry number: EC 3.8.1.1 ... Synonym: haloalkane dehalogenase, 1-chlorohexane halidohydrolase, lina-like gene product, dhaa gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkylmercury compounds
Organic mercury compounds in which the mercury is attached to an alkyl group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkylmercury lyase
<enzyme> From bacteria; catalyses the protonolysis of the carbon-mercury bond to give hydrocarbon and mercury as a mercaptide ... Registry number: EC 4.99.1.2 ... Synonym: organomercury lyase, organomercurial lyase, phenylmercury lyase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkylsulfatase
<enzyme> Induced by sodium hexan-1-yl sulfate ... Registry number: EC 3.1.6.- ... Synonym: alkylsulfohydrolase, alkylsulphohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkyne
<chemistry> An organic molecule containing carbon and hydrogen atoms in straight or branched chains, where at least one carbon-carbon bond is a triple bond. One of three major classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkynes
Acyclic hydrocarbons with one triple bond of the general formula cn-h2n-2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ALL
Synonym for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ... <haematology> A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood affecting the type of white blood cell known as lymphocytes. Approximately 650 new cases are diagnosed every year in the UK and it is the most common form of childhood leukaemia. ... Acronym: ALL ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (11 Nov 1997) …

all or none
Synonym for Bowditch's law ... Consistently total response to any effective stimulus. ... Synonym: all or none law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

all or none law
Synonym for Bowditch's law ... Consistently total response to any effective stimulus. ... Synonym: all or none law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

all-or-nothing phenomenon
<physiology> Refers to the phenomenon where the strength of a nerve impulse is not dependent on the strength of the stimulus. Instead, there is a threshold level of stimulus strength that must be reached before the nerve will fire an impulse (at full capacity). Below the threshold, the nerve will not fire at all. ... <cardiology> It also …

all-trans-retinal
The orange retinaldehyde resulting from the action of light on the rhodopsin of the retina, which converts the 11-cis-retinal component of the rhodopsin to all-trans-retinal plus opsin. ... Synonym: trans-retinal, visual yellow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allachesthesia
A condition in which a tactile sensation is referred to a point other than that to which the stimulus is applied. ... See: allochiria. ... Origin: G. Allache, elsewhere, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantiasis
An obsolete term for sausage poisoning due to botulism. ... Origin: G. Allas (allant-), sausage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allanto-
Allantois; allantoid; sausage. ... Origin: G. Allas, allantos, sausage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoate deiminase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of allantoic acid to ureidoglycine, NH3, and CO2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoate permease
<chemical> From saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Synonym: allantoin permease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

allantochorion
Extraembryonic membrane formed by the fusion of the allantois and chorion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoenteric diverticulum
Synonym for allantoic diverticulum ... An endoderm-lined outpouching of the hindgut (in humans, the yolk sac of a very young embryo) representing the primordium of the allantois; in most amniotes, it grows into the extraembryonic celom; in humans, the distal part of the allantoic lumen is rudimentary, not extending beyond the body stalk. ... Synonym: …

allantogenesis
Formation and development of the allantois. ... Origin: allanto-+ G. Genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoic acid
Diureidoacetic acid;a degradation product of allantoin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoic bladder
A type of bladder formed as an outgrowth of the cloaca. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoic cyst
Synonym for urachal cyst ... Cyst occurring in a persistent portion of the urachus, presenting as an extraperitoneal mass in the umbilical region. It is characterised by abdominal pain, and fever if infected. It may rupture, leading to peritonitis, or it may drain through the umbilicus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allantoic diverticulum
An endoderm-lined outpouching of the hindgut (in humans, the yolk sac of a very young embryo) representing the primordium of the allantois; in most amniotes, it grows into the extraembryonic celom; in humans, the distal part of the allantoic lumen is rudimentary, not extending beyond the body stalk. ... Synonym: allantoenteric diverticulum. ... (05 M …

allantoic fluid
The fluid within the allantoic cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoic sac
The dilated distal portion of the allantois; it forms part of the placenta in many mammals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoic vesicle
The hollow portion of the allantois. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoid membrane
Synonym for allantois ... An embryonic diverticulum of the hindgut of reptiles, birds, and mammals; in man its blood vessels give rise to those of the umbilical cord. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allantoidoangiopagus
Synonym: omphaloangiopagus. ... See: allantoidoangiopagous twins. ... Origin: allantoid + G. Angeion, vessel, + pagos, fastened ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoin
<pharmacology> Any of many nitrogen-containing organic compounds which are found in some plants and in the urine of some mammals. Allantoin is used to treat wounds and ulcers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allantoinase
<enzyme> An enzyme (an amidohydrolase) that catalyses the hydrolysis of allantoin to allantoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantoinuria
The urinary excretion of allantoin; normal in most mammals, abnormal in humans. ... Origin: allantoin + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allantois
An embryonic diverticulum of the hindgut of reptiles, birds, and mammals; in man its blood vessels give rise to those of the umbilical cord. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allaxis
Synonym: metamorphosis. ... Origin: G. Allattein, to alter ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allegiance
1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state. ... 2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science. ... Synonym: Loyalty, fealty. ... Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the 'po …

allele
<genetics> Any one of a series of two or more different genes that occupy the same position (locus) on a chromosome. ... Since autosomal chromosomes are paired, each autosomal locus is represented twice. If both chromosomes have the same allele, occupying the same locus, the condition is referred to as homozygous for this allele. ... If the all …

alleles
Mutually exclusive forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, and governing the same biochemical and developmental process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allelic
Relating to an allele. ... Synonym: allelomorphic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelic exclusion
<cell biology, genetics> The process whereby one or more loci on one of the chromosome sets in a diploid cell is inactivated (or destroyed) so that the locus or loci is (are) not expressed in that cell or a clone founded by it. ... For example in mammals one of the X chromosome pairs of females is inactivated early in development (see Lyon hyp …

allelic gene
See: allele, dominance of traits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelism
The state held in common by alleles. ... Synonym: allelomorphism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelocatalysis
Self-stimulation of growth in a bacterial culture by addition of similar cells. ... Origin: G. Allelon, mutually, reciprocally, + catalytikos, able to dissolve ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelocatalytic
Mutually catalytic; denoting two substances each of which is decomposed in the presence of the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelochemical
<cell biology> Substances effecting allelopathic reactions. ... See: allelopathy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allelochemicals
Signal substances between individuals of different species. ... Compare: pheromones. ... Origin: G. Allelon, reciprocally, + chemical ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelomorph
Synonym: allele. ... Origin: G. Allelon, reciprocally, + morphe, shape ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelomorphic
Synonym for allelic ... Relating to an allele. ... Synonym: allelomorphic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelomorphism
Synonym for allelism ... The state held in common by alleles. ... Synonym: allelomorphism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allelopathy
<cell biology> The deleterious interaction between two organisms or cell types that are allogeneic to each other (the term is often applied loosely to interactions between xenogeneic organisms). Allelopathy is seen between different species of plant, between various individual sponges and between sponges and gorgonians. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allelotaxis
Development of an organ from a number of embryonal structures or tissues. ... Origin: G. Allelon, reciprocally, + taxis, an arranging ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen video enhanced contrast
<procedure> A method for enhancing microscopic images pioneered by R D Allen. The digitised image has the background (an out of focus image of the same microscopic field with comparable unevenness of illumination etc.) subtracted and the contrast expanded to utilise the potential contrast range. Interestingly, it is possible to produce images …

Allen-Doisy test
A test for oestrogenic activity; the material to be investigated is injected repeatedly into immature or spayed rats or mice; the disappearance of leukocytes from the vaginal smear and the appearance of cornified cells constitutes a positive reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen-Doisy unit
The quantity of oestrogen capable of producing in a spayed mouse a characteristic change in the vaginal epithelium, namely, disappearance of leukocytes and appearance of cornified cells, as determined by a vaginal smear; equal approximately to one-half of an estrone unit. ... Synonym: mouse unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen-Masters syndrome
<syndrome> Pelvic pain resulting from an old laceration of the broad ligament received during delivery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen, Alfred
<person> U.S. Chemist, 1846-1904. ... See: Allen's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen, Edgar
<person> U.S. Endocrinologist, 1892-1943. ... See: Allen-Doisy test, Allen-Doisy unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen, Edgar Van Nuys
<person> U.S. Physician, 1900-1961. ... See: Allen's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen, Willard
<person> U.S. Gynecologist, *1904. ... See: Corner-Allen test, Corner-Allen unit, Allen-Masters syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allen's test
For phenol: upon the addition of 5 or 6 drops of hydrochloric acid and then 1 of nitric acid to the suspected fluid, a red colour develops. ... For strychnine: fluid is extracted with ether, which is then evaporated by means of 'drop-by-drop' pipetting into a warmed porcelain dish or crucible; the residue is treated with a small bit of manganese dio …

allergen
<immunology> An antigenic substance capable of producing immediate type hypersensitivity reaction (allergy). ... (06 Oct 1997) ...

allergenic
Synonym for antigenic ... Having the properties of an antigen (allergen). ... Synonym: allergenic, immunogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergenic extract
Extract (usually containing protein) from various sources, e.g., food, bacteria, pollen, and the like, suspected of specific action in stimulating manifestations of allergy; may be used for skin testing or desensitization. ... Synonym: allergic extract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergens
Antigenic substances capable of producing immediate-type hypersensitivity (hypersensitivity, immediate). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergic
<immunology> Pertaining to, caused by, affected with or of the nature of allergy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allergic alveolitis
<chest medicine> Inflammation of the lungs which occurs secondary to exposure to a chemical, organic dust, fungus or mould. Chronic exposure can lead to chronic lung changes evident on chest X-ray. ... Symptoms include cough, fever, shortness of breath and wheezing. ... See: bird-handler's disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

allergic angiitis
Synonym for cutaneous vasculitis ... An acute form of vasculitis which may affect the skin only, but also may involve other organs, with a polymorphonuclear infiltrate in the walls of and surrounding small (dermal) vessels. Nuclear fragments are formed by karyorrhexis of the neutrophils. ... See: leukocytoclastic vasculitis. ... Synonym: allergic angi …

allergic asthma
<chest medicine> A disease process that is characterised by paradoxical narrowing of the bronchi (lung passageways) making breathing difficult. ... Treatment includes bronchodilators which are given orally or delivered as an aerosol (inhaled). Corticosteroids are reserved for more difficult cases. ... Symptoms include wheezing, difficulty breat …

allergic conjunctivitis
<ophthalmology> An inflammatory condition of the conjunctiva secondary to an allergic stimulus. ... Common symptoms include itchy, red and tearing eyes ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

allergic contact dermatitis
A delayed type IV allergic reaction of the skin with varying degrees of erythema, oedema, and vesiculation resulting from cutaneous contact with a specific allergen. ... Synonym: contact allergy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergic coryza
A rhinitis in an allergic individual due to the presence of an agent to which he is hypersensitive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergic eczema
Macular, papular, or vesicular eruption due to an allergic reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergic extract
Synonym for allergenic extract ... Extract (usually containing protein) from various sources, e.g., food, bacteria, pollen, and the like, suspected of specific action in stimulating manifestations of allergy; may be used for skin testing or desensitization. ... Synonym: allergic extract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergic granulomatosis
Synonym for churg-strauss syndrome ... <syndrome> Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from polyarteritis nodosa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergic granulomatous angiitis
Synonym for churg-strauss syndrome ... <syndrome> Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from polyarteritis nodosa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergic inflammation
Synonym for allergic reaction ... <immunology> The bodys response to an allergic stimulus. This can be localised to one area or generalised and may include: rash, itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and/or low blood pressure. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

allergic purpura
Nonthrombocytopenic purpura due to sensitization to foods, drugs, and insect bites. ... Synonym: anaphylactoid purpura. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergic reaction
<immunology> The bodys response to an allergic stimulus. This can be localised to one area or generalised and may include: rash, itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and/or low blood pressure. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

allergic rhinitis
<immunology> An inflammatory response in the nasal passages to an allergic stimulus. Often includes: nasal congestion, sneesing, runny or itchy nose. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

allergic rhinitis, perennial
Allergic rhinitis (hayfever) that occurs throughout the year. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergic rhinitis, seasonal
Allergic rhinitis (hayfever) which occurs during a specific season. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergic salute
The person with allergic rhinitis (hayfever) often rubs his/her nose using the index finger. This is the so-called allergic salute. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergin
A seldom used term denoting the reactive substance in the passive transference of anaphylaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergised
Specifically altered in reactivity; rendered capable of exhibiting one or another aspect of allergy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergist
Synonym for immunologist ... <specialist> A specialist practiced in the treatment of allergic disease and those disease processes that involve dysfunction of the immune system. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

allergization
Active sensitization as a result of allergens being naturally or artificially brought into contact with susceptible tissues; the procedure of being allergised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergosis
Any abnormal condition characterised by allergy. ... Origin: allergy + G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allergy
1. <immunology> A state of hypersensitivity induced by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen) resulting in harmful immunologic reactions on subsequent exposures, the term is usually used to refer to hypersensitivity to an environmental antigen (atopic allergy or contact dermatitis) or to drug allergy. ... The original meaning, now obsolet …