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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

algovascular
Relating to changes in the lumen of the blood vessels occurring under the influence of pain. ... Synonym: algiovascular. ... Origin: G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aliasing
<microscopy> A pattern of image sampling error in digital systems. Aliasing forces spatial frequency components higher than a critical value (the Nyquist frequency) to be displayed at progressively lower frequencies. Aliasing introduces an undesirable moire pattern when the spatial frequency of the signal exceeds the sampling rate in a digiti …

alible
Synonym: nutritive. ... Origin: L. Alibilis, nutritive, fr. Alo, to nourish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alice in Wonderland syndrome
<syndrome> The illusion of dreams, feelings of levitation, and alteration in the sense of the passage of time, sometimes associated with migraine, epilepsy, and various diseases of the parietal lobe of the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alicyclic
<chemistry> This refers to any aliphatic compound that contains a ring of carbon atoms. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alicyclic compounds
See: cyclic compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alienation
1. The act of alienating, or the state of being alienated. ... 2. A transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to another. ... 3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the affections. 'The alienation of his heart from the king.' (Bacon) ... 4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental faculties; insanity; as, alienation of mind. ... Synonym …

alienia
<embryology> The congenital absence of the spleen. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aliform
Wing-shaped. ... Origin: L. Ala, + forma, shape ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alight
1. To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to dismount. ... 2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow alights on a roof. ... 3. To come or chance (upon). ... Origin: OE. Alihten, fr. AS. Alihtan; pref. A- (cf. Goth. Us-, G. Er-, orig. Meaning out) + lihtan, to aligh …

alignment
1. The longitudinal position of a bone or limb. ... 2. The act of bringing into line. ... 3. In dentistry, the arrangement of the teeth in relation to the supporting structures and the adjacent and opposing dentitions. ... Synonym: alinement. ... Origin: Fr. Aligner, to line up, fr. L. Linea, line ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alignment curve
The line passing through the centre of the teeth laterally in the direction of the curve of the dental arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aliment
In sensorimotor theory, that which is assimilated to a schema; analogous to a stimulus. ... Synonym: nourishment. ... Origin: L. Alo, to nourish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alimentary
<gastroenterology> Pertaining to food or nutritive material or to the organs of digestion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alimentary apparatus
Synonym for digestive system ... The organs that are responsible for getting food into and out of the body and for making use of food to keep the body healthy. These include the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, colon, and rectum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alimentary canal
<anatomy> The digestive tract. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alimentary diabetes
Synonym for alimentary glycosuria ... Glycosuria developing after the ingestion of a moderate amount of sugar or starch, which normally is disposed of without appearing in the urine, because rate of intestinal absorption exceeds capacity of the liver and the other tissues to remove the glucose, thus allowing blood glucose levels to become high enoug …

alimentary glycosuria
Glycosuria developing after the ingestion of a moderate amount of sugar or starch, which normally is disposed of without appearing in the urine, because rate of intestinal absorption exceeds capacity of the liver and the other tissues to remove the glucose, thus allowing blood glucose levels to become high enough for renal excretion to occur. ... Sy …

alimentary lipaemia
Relatively transient lipaemia occurring after the ingestion of foods with a large content of fat. ... Synonym: postprandial lipaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alimentary osteopathy
Bone disease due to dietary deficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alimentary system
Synonym for digestive system ... The organs that are responsible for getting food into and out of the body and for making use of food to keep the body healthy. These include the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, colon, and rectum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alimentary tract
Synonym for digestive tract ... The passage leading from the mouth to the anus through the pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, and intestine. ... Synonym: alimentary canal, alimentary tract, digestive tube, tubus digestorius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alimentary tract smear
A group of cytologic specimens containing material from the mouth (oral smear), oesophagus and stomach (gastric smear), duodenum (paraduodenal smear), and colon, obtained by specialised lavage techniques; used principally for the diagnosis of cancer of those areas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alimentation
To provide nourishment, feeding ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alinement
Synonym for alignment ... 1. The longitudinal position of a bone or limb. ... 2. The act of bringing into line. ... 3. In dentistry, the arrangement of the teeth in relation to the supporting structures and the adjacent and opposing dentitions. ... Synonym: alinement. ... Origin: Fr. Aligner, to line up, fr. L. Linea, line ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alinjection
Injection of alcohol for hardening and preserving pathologic and histologic specimens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aliphatic
<biochemistry, chemistry> A major class of organic compounds where carbon and hydrogen molecules are arranged in straight or branched chains. ... A type of hydrocarbon that includes alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

aliphatic acids
The acids of nonaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., acetic, propionic, butyric acids); the so-called fatty acids of the formula R-COOH, where R is a nonaromatic (aliphatic) hydrocarbon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aliphatic compound
Synonym for acyclic compound ... An organic compound in which the chain does not form a ring. ... Synonym: aliphatic compound, open chain compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aliphatic nitrilase
<enzyme> Acts on aliphatic nitriles such as acrylonitrile, crotononitrile and glutaronitrile, forming a carboxylic acid + nh3; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.5.5.- ... Synonym: rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 nitrilase, acrylonitrile nitrilase, glutaronitrile nitrilase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alipoid
Characterised by absence of lipoids. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + lipoides, resembling fat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alipotropic
Having no effect upon fat metabolism, or upon the movement of fat to the liver. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + lipos, fat, + tropos, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aliquot
<chemistry> A small portion. ... It is common practice to subdivide a precious solution of reagent into aliquots that are used when needed without handling the total sample. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alisphenoid cartilage
The cartilage in the embryo from which the greater wing of the sphenoid bone is developed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alive
1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a plant which is alive. ... 2. In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire alive; to keep the affections alive. ... 3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many livin …

alizarin cyanin
Disulfonate of hexahydroxyanthraquinone;an acid dye used as a nuclear stain after mordanting and as a fluorochrome in ultraviolet microscopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alizarin indicator
A solution consisting of 1 g sodium alizarin sulfonate dissolved in 100 cc distilled water; used as an indicator for free acidity in gastric contents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alizarin purpurin
Synonym for purpurin ... <protein> Heparin binding protein (20 kD) released by chick neural retina cells in culture. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alizarin red S
Sodium alizarin sulfonate;used as a stain for calcium in bone (calcium appears red-orange, magnesium, aluminum, and barium are varying shades of red), in the determination of fluorine; as a pH indicator it changes from yellow to purple between pH 3.7 and 5.2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alk-1-enyl
The radical of an alkene in which the double bond indicated by 'en(e)' is between carbons 1 and 2 (carbon 1 being the radical or 'yl' carbon), i.e., R-CH==CH-; sometimes expressed as alk-1-en-1-yl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alk-1-enylglycerophospholipid
A phosphatidate in which at least one of the radicals attached to the glycerol is an alk-1-enyl rather than the usual acyl radical (i.e., is derived from an aldehyde rather than an acid, hence the older trivial names phosphatidal and acetal phosphatid(at)e); 'plasmenic acid' has been proposed as a name for such phosphatidates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkadiene
An acyclic hydrocarbon (alkane) containing two double bonds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkadienes
Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkalaemia
A decrease in H-ion concentration of the blood or a rise in pH, irrespective of alterations in the level of bicarbonate ion. ... Origin: alkali + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkalescence
1. A slight alkalinity. ... 2. The process of becoming alkaline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkalescent
1. Slightly alkaline. ... 2. Becoming alkaline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkali
Origin: F. Alcali, ultimately fr. Ar. Alqali ashes of the plant saltwort, fr. Qalay to roast in a pan, fry. ... 1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc. ... 2. <chemistry> One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils an …

alkali denaturation test
A test for haemoglobin F (Hb F), based on the fact that haemoglobins, with the exception of Hb F, are denatured by alkali to alkaline haematin; the test is sensitive to 2% or more Hb F. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkali disease
A term applied to various animal poisonings of plant and mineral origin in arid regions under the belief that they were caused by the ingestion of alkaline waters; e.g., botulism of wild ducks, caused by feeding on decayed vegetation in nearly dried-up lakes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkali earth metal
See: alkaline earth elements. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkali metal
<chemistry> Any of the highly reactive metals (such as sodium or potassium) found in the first column of the periodic table, these metals act as bases. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkali reserve
The sum total of the basic ions (mainly bicarbonates) of the blood and other body fluids which, acting as buffers, maintain the normal pH of the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkali sink
<ecology> A land basin in which water evaporation produces high salt concentrations that may, or may not, support salt marsh vegetation. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkalies
Usually a hydroxide of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, but also the carbonates of these metals, ammonia, and the amines. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkaline
<chemistry> Having the reactions of an alkali. ... Origin: L. Alkalinus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alkaline D-peptidase
<enzyme> A penicillin-recognizing enzyme from bacillus cereus; has beta-lactamase activity; genbank d86380 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... Synonym: ADP gene product, alkaline d-stereospecific endopeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkaline earth
<chemistry> Any of the metallic elements found in the second column of the periodic table, such as calcium and magnesium. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alkaline earth elements
Those element's in the family Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra, the hydroxides of which are highly ionised and hence alkaline in water solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline earths
See: alkaline earth elements. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline elastase
<enzyme> Serine proteinase with molecular weight of 25,000 from alkalophilic bacillus sp. Ya-b ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alkaline milk drip
A variable mixture of sodium bicarbonate in whole milk dripped into the stomach through a small oral or nasal tube to produce constant achlorhydria; used in the treatment of certain ulcers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline phosphatase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of inorganic phosphate non-specifically from a wide variety of phosphate esters and having a high (greater than 8) pH optimum. Found in bacteria, fungi and animals but not in higher plants. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alkaline protease
<enzyme> These proteases work best in the pH range of 8 to 11 and are used widelyin washing powders and to de-hair hides. Alkaline proteases are mainlyproduced by bacteria in the Bacillus species. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkaline reaction
Any test by which an alkaline reaction is recognised, such as the change of red litmus paper to blue, an excess of hydroxide ions over hydrogen ions in aqueous solution as indicated by a pH value greater than 7 (at 22°C). ... Compare: dissociation constant of water. ... Synonym: basic reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline reflux gastritis
Synonym for bile gastritis ... An inflammation of the gastric mucosa believed to be caused by irritating factors in bile. ... Synonym: alkaline reflux gastritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline tide
A period of urinary neutrality or even alkalinity after meals due to withdrawal of hydrogen ion for the purpose of secretion of the highly acid gastric juice. ... Synonym: alkaline wave. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline toluidine blue O
Toluidine blue O in borax solution, used with heat on semithick sections of epoxy embedded tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline water
A water that contains appreciable amounts of the bicarbonates of calcium, lithium, potassium, or sodium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline wave
Synonym for alkaline tide ... A period of urinary neutrality or even alkalinity after meals due to withdrawal of hydrogen ion for the purpose of secretion of the highly acid gastric juice. ... Synonym: alkaline wave. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaline-ash diet
A diet consisting mainly of fruits, vegetables, and milk (with minimal amounts of meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and cereals), which, when catabolised, leave an alkaline residue to be excreted in the urine. ... Synonym: acid-ash diet, basic diet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkalinity
<chemistry> Measure of the power of a solution to neutralise hydrogen ions (H+), usually expressed as the equivalent concentration (mg/L) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkalinization
Synonym for alkalization ... The process of rendering alkaline. ... Synonym: alkalinization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkalinuria
The passage of alkaline urine. ... Synonym: alkaluria. ... Origin: alkaline + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaliphile
<microbiology> An organism that grows optimally at high pH (alkaline conditions). The typical pH range for alkaliphiles is 8 - 11. They grow poorly or not at all at a pH below 7. ... Compare: acidophile. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkaliser
An agent that neutralises acids or renders a solution alkaline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkalitherapy
Therapeutic use of alkali for local or systemic effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkalization
The process of rendering alkaline. ... Synonym: alkalinization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaloid
<chemistry, pharmacology> One of a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants. They are usually very bitter and although the plant may be poisonous, many have extracts that are pharmacologically active. ... Examples are atropine, caffeine, coniine, morphine, nicotine, quinine, strychnine. The term is also applied to syn …

alkaloids
Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesised. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkalophile
<microbiology> A microorganism which grows best in alkaline, or basic, environments, where the pH is between 7 (neutral) and 12. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

alkalosis
<biochemistry> A pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of base or from loss of acid without comparable loss of base in the body fluids and characterised by decrease in hydrogen ion concentration (increase in pH). ... Compare: acidosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alkalosis, respiratory
A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkalotic
Relating to alkalosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaluria
Synonym for alkalinuria ... The passage of alkaline urine. ... Synonym: alkaluria. ... Origin: alkaline + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkane
<chemistry> An organic molecule containing carbon and hydrogen atoms in straight or branched chains, where all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. One of three major classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkane 1-monooxygenase
<enzyme> Alkb is an integral membrane protein component ... Registry number: EC 1.14.15.3 ... Synonym: alkane 1-hydroxylase, omega-hydroxylase, fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, alkyl monooxygenase, cytochrome p-450alk, cyp4a6, cyp4a7, cytochrome p-450ka2, cytochrome p450 4a11, cyp4a11, alkb gene product, pseudomonas oleovorans, alkb protein, alkb …

alkanes
The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons cn-h2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkanesulfonates
Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkanesulfonic acids
Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alkanet
1. <chemistry> A dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria, which gives a fine deep red colour. ... 2. <botany> A boraginaceous herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye; orchanet. The similar plant Anchusa officinalis; bugloss; also, the American puccoon. ... Origin: Dim. Of Sp. Alcana, alhea, in which al is the Ar. Art …

alkannan
A minor red dye component derived from alkanet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkannin
(-)-5,8-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone;the major red dye derived from alkanet; used as an astringent, and in cosmetics and foods; can be used as an indicator: red at pH 6.8, changing to purple at pH 8.8 and blue at pH 10.0; also used as a fat stain. ... Synonym: anchusin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkapton
Synonym: homogentisic acid. ... Origin: Boedeker's coinage fr. Alkali + L + G. Kaptein, to suck up greedily ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkaptonuria
<biochemistry> Congenital absence of homogentisic acid oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down tyrosine and phenylalanine. Accumulation of homogentisic acid in homozygotes causes brown pigmentation of skin and eyes and damage to joints, urine blackens on standing. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alkaptonuric
1. Relating to alcaptonuria. ... 2. A person with alcaptonuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkatriene
An acyclic hydrocarbon containing three double bonds; e.g., 2,4,6-octatriene, CH3-CH==CH-CH==CH-CH==CH- CH3. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkavervir
A mixture of alkaloids obtained by the selective extraction of Veratrum viride with various organic solvents; used orally or parenterally as a hypotensive agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alkekengi
<botany> An herbaceous plant of the nightshade family (Physalis alkekengi) and its fruit, which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; also called winter cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry tomato. ... Origin: Cf. F. Alkekenge, Sp. Alquequenje, ultimately fr. Ar. Al-kakanj a kind of resin …

alkene
<chemistry> An organic molecule containing carbon and hydrogen atoms in straight or branched chains, where at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double bond. One of three major classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

alkene monooxygenase
<enzyme> Multicomponent, NADH or NADPH-dependent enzyme from mycobacterium; similar to EC 1.14.13.25 but only converts alkenes to the corresponding epoxides ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...