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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

allergy and immunology
A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergy desensitization
Stimulation of the immune system with gradually increasing doses of the substances to which a person is allergic, the aim being to modify or stop the allergy war (by reducing the strength of the IgE and its effect on the mast cells). This form of treatment is very effective for allergies to pollen, mites, cats, and especially stinging insects (e.g. …

allergy shots
See Allergy desensitization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allergy skin test
Test done on the skin to identify the allergy substance (allergen) triggering the allergic reaction. A small amount of the suspected allergy substance is placed on the skin. The skin is then gently scratched through the small drop with a special sterile needle. If the skin reddens and, more importantly, swells, then allergy to that substance is pro …

allergy testing
<investigation> A common method of screening a patient for potential allergies. May be given as a patch or a skin test (injection). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Allescheria boydii
Synonym for Pseudallescheria boydii ... A species of fungus that causes eumycotic mycetoma and pseuallescheriasis; its conidial (asexual) state is Scedosporium apiospermum. ... Synonym: Allescheria boydii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allesthesia
Synonym: allochiria. ... Origin: G. Allos, other, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allethrin
<chemical> Synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring insecticide cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide. ... Chemical name: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-, 2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2-propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allethrins
Allethrolone esters of chrysanthemum-monocarboxylic acids and synthetic analogs of pyrethrins, which are pyrethrolone esters of the same acids; viscous liquids, insoluble in water, that can be absorbed by lungs, skin, and mucous membranes and may cause liver and kidney injury, with lung congestion; used as an insecticide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allethrolone
2-Methyl-4-oxo-3-(2-propenyl)-2-cyclopentenol;an analog of pyrethrolone (2-propenyl replacing the 2,4-pentadienyl group) used in allethrins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alleviate
1. To lighten or lessen the force or weight of. 'Should no others join capable to alleviate the expense.' (Evelyn) 'Those large bladders . . . Conduce much to the alleviating of the body [of flying birds]' (Ray) ... 2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care, …

alleviation
Synonym for relief ... 1. The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial removal, of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease; redress. 'He seec the dire contagion spread so fast, That, where it seizes, all relief is vain.' (Dryden) ... 2. Rele …

alliance
1. The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc, especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between church and state; an alliance between France and England. ... 2. Any union resembling …

allied health occupations
Occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians, and are qualified by special training and, frequently, by licensure to work in supporting roles in the health care field. These occupations include, but are not limited to, medical technology, physical therapy, physician assistant, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allied health personnel
Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health care workers who perform tasks which must otherwise be performed by a physician or other health professional. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allied health professional
An individual trained to perform services in the care of patients other than a physician or registered nurse; includes a variety of therapy technicians (e.g., pulmonary), radiology technicians, physical therapists, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allied reflexes
Reflex's which, acting toward a common purpose, can traverse the final common path together. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alligation
1. The act of tying together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being attached. ... 2. <mathematics> A rule relating to the solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or values. ... The rule is named from the method of connecting together the terms by certai …

alligator
1. <zoology> A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile, and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the southern United States, there are allied species in South America.< …

alligator forceps
A long forceps with a small hinged jaw on the end. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alligator skin
Synonym for ichthyosis ... <dermatology> A group of cutaneous disorders characterised by increased or aberrant keratinisation, resulting in noninflammatory scaling of the skin. Many different metaphors have been used to describe the appearance and texture of the skin in the various types and stages of ichthyosis, for example alligator, collodi …

alligators and crocodiles
Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order loricata. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Allis forceps
A straight grasping forceps with serrated jaws, used to forcibly grasp or retract tissues or structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allis, Oscar
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1836-1921. ... See: Allis forceps, Allis' sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Allis' sign
<clinical sign> In fracture of the neck of the femur, the trochanter rides up, relaxing the fascia lata, so that the finger can be sunk deeply between the great trochanter and the iliac crest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alliteration
In psychiatry, a speech disturbance in which words commencing with the same sounds, usually consonants, are notably frequent. ... Origin: Fr. Alliteration, fr. L. Ad, to, + littera, letter of alphabet ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allo-
1. Other; differing from the normal or usual. ... 2. Chemical prefix formerly used with amino acids whenever their side chain contained an asymmetric carbon; for example, the alloisoleucines and allothreonines. ... Origin: G. Allos, other ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloalbuminaemia
The autosomal dominant condition of having serum albumin of a variant type that differs in mobility on electrophoresis from the usual type A; individuals are heterozygous or homozygous for one of the genes for variant albumin types, a genetic polymorphism without known clinical significance. ... See: inherited albumin variants. ... Origin: allo-+ alb …

alloantibody
An antibody specific for an alloantigen. Isoantibody is sometimes used in this sense. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloantigen
<genetics, immunology> Individuals of a species differ in alleles (are allogeneic) and the antigenic differences will cause an immune response to allografts. ... The antigens concerned are often of the histocompatibility complex and are referred to as alloantigens. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allobarbital
5,5-Diallylbarbituric acid;a hypnotic with intermediate duration of action. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allocentric
Characterised by or denoting interest centreed in other persons rather than in one's self. ... Compare: egocentric. ... Synonym: heterocentric. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Kentron, centre ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allochetia
An obsolete term for passage of faeces through a fistula or other false passage. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Chezo, to defecate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allochiria
A form of allachesthesia in which the sensation of a stimulus in one limb is referred to the contralateral limb. ... Synonym: allesthesia, alloesthesia, Bamberger's sign. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allocholane
Original term for 5alpha-cholane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allocholesterol
Cholest-4-en-3b-ol;an isomer of cholesterol, differing in the position of the one double bond. ... Synonym: coprostenol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allochroic
Changed or changeable in colour; relating to allochroism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allochroism
A change or changeableness in colour. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Chroa, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allochromasia
Change of colour of the skin or hair. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allochthonous
<ecology> Derived from outside a system, such as the leaves of terrestrial plants that fall into a stream. ... Compare: autochthonous. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allocortex
O. Vogt's term denoting several regions of the cerebral cortex, in particular the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus, characterised by fewer cell layers than the isocortex. ... See: cerebral cortex. ... Synonym: heterotypic cortex. ... Origin: allo-+ L. Cortex, bark (cortex) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allodeoxycholic acid
3a,12alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid, one of the bile acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allodiploid
Synonym for alloploid ... Relating to a hybrid individual or cell with two or more sets of chromosomes derived from two different ancestral species; depending on the number of multiples of haploid sets, alloploid's are referred to as allodiploids, allotriploids, allotetraploids, allopentaploids, allohexaploids, etc. ... See: heterokaryon. ... Origin: …

allodynia
Condition in which ordinarily nonpainful stimuli evoke pain. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloerotic
Having to do with sexual excitment toward the same sex. The opposite is heteroerotic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alloeroticism
Synonym for alloerotism ... Sexual attraction toward another person. ... Compare: autoerotism. ... Synonym: alloeroticism, heteroerotism. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Eros, love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloerotism
Sexual attraction toward another person. ... Compare: autoerotism. ... Synonym: alloeroticism, heteroerotism. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Eros, love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloesthesia
Synonym for allochiria ... A form of allachesthesia in which the sensation of a stimulus in one limb is referred to the contralateral limb. ... Synonym: allesthesia, alloesthesia, Bamberger's sign. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allogeneic
<genetics, immunology> Two or more individuals (or strains) are stated to be allogeneic to one another when the genes at one or more loci are not identical in sequence in each organism. ... Allogenicity is usually specified with reference to the locus or loci involved. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allogeneic antigen
Genetic variations of the same antigens within a given species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allogeneic bone marrow transplant
<haematology, procedure> A bone marrow transplant using marrow collected from a matched healthy donor, usually a brother or sister. The risks associated with the transplant increase with age and 50 years of age is generally regarded as the upper limit. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

allogeneic graft
Synonym for allograft ... <haematology> Grafts between two or more individuals allogeneic at one or more loci (usually with reference to histocompatibility loci). As opposed to autograft and xenograft. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allogeneic inhibition
Inhibition or injury to allogeneic cells that occurs when lymphocytes are mixed and cultured with other cells of different genotypes in vitro. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allogeneic transplant
<haematology, procedure> A transplant of an organ or tissue that is donated either by agenetically matched relative of the patient or by an unrelated (but genetically similar) donor. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allogenic
<genetics> Another term for being genetically dissimilar. ... Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allogotrophia
Growth or nourishment of one part or tissue at the expense of another part of the body. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allograft
<haematology> Grafts between two or more individuals allogeneic at one or more loci (usually with reference to histocompatibility loci). As opposed to autograft and xenograft. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allograft immunity
<immunology> The recipient's immune system rejects tissue grafted from a genetically dissimilar donor (of the same species) and stages an immune attack against it. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allograft rejection
The rejection of tissue transplanted between two genetically different individuals of the same species. Rejection is caused by T lymphocytes responding to the foreign major histocompatibility complex of the graft. ... Synonym: homograft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allogroup
A term formerly used to denote a haplotype composed of closely linked allotypic markers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allohexaploid
See: alloploid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allohydroxylysine
5-allohydroxylysine;a stereoisomer of 5-hydroxylysine; D-allohydroxylysine is the diastereoisomer of D-5-hydroxylysine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloisocitrate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Nad+ dependent ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alloisoleucine
A stereoisomer of isoleucine; D-alloisoleucine is the diastereoisomer of D-isoleucine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloisomer
A geometric isomer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allokeratoplasty
Replacement of opaque corneal tissue with a transparent prosthesis, usually plastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allokinesis
Passive or reflex movement; nonvoluntary movement. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Kinesis, movement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allolactose
A sugar, isomeric with lactose, that is the true inducer of the lac operon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allolalia
Any speech defect, especially one caused by a cerebral disorder. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Lalia, talking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allolevivirus
A bacteriophage genus of the family leviviridae, whose infectivity is uv-sensitive. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allomaleic acid
Synonym for fumaric acid ... Trans-Butanedioic acid;an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid occurring as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. ... Synonym: allomaleic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allomeric function
The combined function of the several segments of the spinal cord and medulla, communicating with each other by means of the white matter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allometron
An evolutionary change in form or proportion of organic beings. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allomone
<biochemistry> Compound produced by one organism that affects, detrimentally, the behaviour of a member of another species. ... If the benefit is to the recipient the substance is referred to as a kairomone, if both organisms benefit then it is a synomone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allomones
A pheromone that induces a behavioural or physiologic change in a member of another species that is of benefit to the producer. ... Compare: kairomones, pheromones. ... Origin: G. Allos, other, + -mone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allomorph
<chemical> Any one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same substance; or the substance having such forms; as, carbonate of lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and aragonite. ... A variety of pseudomorph which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of material; thus limonite is frequently an allomorph after pyr …

allongement
Rarely used term for lengthening of a structure during an operation by appropriate incisions. ... Origin: Fr. Elongation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allonomous
Governed by external stimuli. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Nomos, law ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopath
1. One who is a practitioner of allopathy. ... 2. Erroneously, a traditional medical physician, as distinguished from eclectic or homeopathic practitioners. ... Synonym: allopathist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopathic
Relating to allopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopathic keratoplasty
Corneal transplant with donor material of glass, plastic, or other inert material. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopathist
Synonym for allopath ... 1. One who is a practitioner of allopathy. ... 2. Erroneously, a traditional medical physician, as distinguished from eclectic or homeopathic practitioners. ... Synonym: allopathist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopathy
That system of medical practice which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the special disease treated; a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the ordinary practice, as opposed to homeopathy. ... Origin: Gr. Other + suffering, to suffer: cf. G. Allopathie, F. Allopathie. See Pathos.< …

allopatric
<ecology> Relating to or involving two populations of the same species which cannot interbreed because they are separated by a geographic barrier (such as a mountain range or wide river). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allopatric speciation
<ecology> The evolutionary process through which two geographically separated (and therefore non-interbreeding) populations of the same species become less and less similar to each other over time (via mutation or the success of different traits in each environment) and eventually become distinctly different species. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allopatry
<ecology> The condition of two populations of the same species being separated by a geographic barrier that prevents them from interbreeding. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allopentaploid
Synonym for alloploid ... Relating to a hybrid individual or cell with two or more sets of chromosomes derived from two different ancestral species; depending on the number of multiples of haploid sets, alloploid's are referred to as allodiploids, allotriploids, allotetraploids, allopentaploids, allohexaploids, etc. ... See: heterokaryon. ... Origin: …

allophanate hydrolase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of allophanic acid to two molecules of ammonia plus two molecules of 'active carbon dioxide'. ... Chemical name: Urea-1-carboxylate amidohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.54 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

allophanic acid
NH2CONHCOOH; urea carbonic acid;its amide is biuret (allophanamide). ... Synonym: carbamoylcarbamic acid, N-carboxyurea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allophasis
Speech that is incoherent, disordered. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Phasis, speech ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allophenic
Pertaining to an animal with different cellular phenotypes produced by combining dividing fertilised eggs (blastomeres) of different genotypes (i.e., from different pairs of parents). ... See: mosaic. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Phaino, to appear, + -ic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allophore
Synonym for erythrophore ... <biology> Chromatophores that have red pigment. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

allophthalmia
Synonym for heterophthalmus ... A seldom-used term for a difference in the appearance of the two eyes, usually due to heterochromia iridis. ... Synonym: allophthalmia. ... Origin: hetero-+ G. Ophthalmos, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloplasia
Synonym: heteroplasia. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Plasis, a molding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloplast
1. A graft of an inert metal or plastic material. ... 2. A relatively inert foreign body used for implantation into tissues. ... Origin: allo-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloplasty
Repair of defects by allotransplantation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alloploid
Relating to a hybrid individual or cell with two or more sets of chromosomes derived from two different ancestral species; depending on the number of multiples of haploid sets, alloploid's are referred to as allodiploids, allotriploids, allotetraploids, allopentaploids, allohexaploids, etc. ... See: heterokaryon. ... Origin: allo-+ -ploid ... (05 Mar …

alloploidy
The condition of being alloploid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

allopolyploid
<cell biology, genetics> A hybrid, usually a plant, which is created from two closely-related species and contains one or more extra sets of chromosomes (i.e. If each parent normally has two sets, the hybrid may have four). ... See: polyploid. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

allopolyploidy
<genetics> Polyploid condition in which the contributing genomes are dissimilar. When the genomes are doubled fertility is restored and the organism is an amphidiploid. ... Common in plants but not animals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...