Copy of `mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary`

The wordlist doesn't exist anymore, or, the website doesn't exist anymore. On this page you can find a copy of the original information. The information may have been taken offline because it is outdated.

mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

alcohol sulfotransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the transfer of sulfate from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate to a wide variety of hydroxysteroids ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.2 ... Synonym: 21-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid sulphotransferase, steroid sulfokinase, steroid alcohol sulfotransferase, 3-hydroxys …

alcohol withdrawal
<psychiatry> A clinical syndrome that results from the abstinence of alcohol consumption. Seen in those with habitual long-term or heavy alcohol use history. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alcohol withdrawal delirium
An acute organic mental disorder due to recent cessation or reduction in alcohol consumption with the essential characteristic being delirium. Autonomic hyperactivity - that is, tachycardia, sweating, and elevated blood pressure - is also present. It was formerly called delirium tremens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alcohol-related disorders
Mental disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alcohol-soluble eosin
Synonym for ethyl eosin ... See: ethyl eosin. ... Synonym: alcohol-soluble eosin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcohol, pregnancy
The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy carries the danger of damaging the foetus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alcoholic
1. Relating to, containing, or produced by alcohol. ... 2. One who suffers from alcoholism. ... 3. One who abuses or is dependent upon alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic beverages
Drinkable liquids containing ethyl alcohol. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alcoholic cardiomyopathy
<cardiology, pathology> A weakness of the cardiac muscle which is seen in some chronic alcoholics, may be related to a thiamin deficiency or occur for unknown reasons. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alcoholic cirrhosis
Synonym for alcoholic liver disease ... <gastroenterology> Alcoholic cirrhosis is a condition of irreversible liver disease due to the chronic inflammatory and toxic effects of ethanol on the liver. ... In cirrhosis, the liver cells are replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Fibrosis leads to the development of portal hypertension. The development of …

alcoholic deterioration
Dementia occurring in persons chronically addicted to alcohol. ... See: chronic alcoholism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic encephalopathy
<neurology> Encephalopathy associated with thiamin deficiency. Usually associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Other features include loss of memory and confabulation. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alcoholic extract
A solid extract obtained by extracting the alcohol-soluble principles of a drug, followed by the evaporation of the alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic fermentation
The anaerobic formation of ethanol and CO2 from d-glucose. ... Compare: Gay-Lussac's equation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic hyalin
Synonym for Mallory bodies ... Large, poorly defined accumulations of eosinophilic material in the cytoplasm of damaged hepatic cells in certain forms of cirrhosis and marked fatty change especially due to alcoholism. ... Synonym: alcoholic hyalin, alcoholic hyaline bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic hyaline bodies
Synonym for Mallory bodies ... Large, poorly defined accumulations of eosinophilic material in the cytoplasm of damaged hepatic cells in certain forms of cirrhosis and marked fatty change especially due to alcoholism. ... Synonym: alcoholic hyalin, alcoholic hyaline bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic intoxication
A condition caused by the ingestion of alcohol in which control of one's faculties is impaired and inhibitions are broken. In its later stages one tends toward or reaches insensibility. (webster, 3d ed) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alcoholic ketoacidosis
<biochemistry> A form of ketoacidosis that results from the overuse of alcohol. ... A metabolic derangement that occurs when their is an over abundance of ketone bodies (acetone) in the bloodstream. ... Conditions that encourage the body to begin metabolising fats result in a buildup of ketones in the bloodstream with resultant acidosis (acidif …

alcoholic liver disease
<gastroenterology> Alcoholic cirrhosis is a condition of irreversible liver disease due to the chronic inflammatory and toxic effects of ethanol on the liver. ... In cirrhosis, the liver cells are replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Fibrosis leads to the development of portal hypertension. The development of cirrhosis is directly related to the d …

alcoholic myocardiopathy
Synonym for alcoholic cardiomyopathy ... <cardiology, pathology> A weakness of the cardiac muscle which is seen in some chronic alcoholics, may be related to a thiamin deficiency or occur for unknown reasons. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alcoholic pneumonia
Pneumonia occurring in patient with alcoholism, usually after a period of intoxication with stupor, resulting in aspiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic polyneuropathy
<neurology> A disorder that occurs secondary to the damage to nerve cells from habitual alcohol abuse. ... The effects of alcoholic polyneuropathy may be due in part to the direct toxic effect alcohol has on nervous tissue in combination with specific nutritional deficiencies (for example B1 or thiamin deficiency and B12 deficiency). ... Common …

alcoholic psychoses
Mental disorders that result from alcoholism and that involve organic brain damage, as in delirium tremens and Korsakoff's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic tincture
A tincture made with undiluted alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholic withdrawal tremor
Intention tremor present in the withdrawal period of one of two types: 1) a tremor of greater than 8 Hz, with continuous antagonistic muscle activity, and 2) a tremor of less than 8 Hz, with intermittent spontaneous antagonistic muscle activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholics anonymous
An organization of self-proclaimed alcoholics who meet frequently to reinforce their practice of abstinence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alcoholism
<disease> A disorder characterised by pathological pattern of alcohol use that causes a serious impairment in social or occupational functioning. In DSN III R this is termed alcohol abuse or, if tolerance or withdrawal is present, alcohol dependence. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alcoholization
Permeation or saturation with alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcoholophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of alcohol, or of becoming an alcoholic. ... Origin: alcohol + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcohols
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, r-ch2oh; secondary alcohols, r2-choh; tertiary alcohols, r3-coh. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alcoholysis
Splitting of a chemical bond with the addition of the elements of alcohol at the point of splitting. ... Origin: alcohol + G. Lysis, dissolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alcuronium
<chemical> 4,4'-didemethyl-4,4'-di-2-propenyltoxiferine I. A non-depolarising skeletal muscle relaxant similar to tubocurarine. It is used as an anaesthesia adjuvant. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthesia adjuvants, neuromuscular nondepolarising agents, nicotinic antagonists. ... Chemical name: Toxiferine I, 4,4'-didemethyl-4,4'-di-2-propenyl …

alcuronium chloride
N,N'-Diallylnortoxiferinium dichloride;a skeletal muscle relaxant active as a nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ALD
Synonym for adrenoleukodystrophy ... <radiology> X-linked recessive, demyelination of cerebral white matter, adrenal insufficiency (unresponsive to ACTH), CT: white-matter disease: occipital regions to frontal, progression to generalised atrophy, NM: increased uptake in involved regions, ** dysmyelinating disease, white-matter disease ... (12 D …

aldactazide
<drug> A drug combination of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide, for the treatment of high blood pressure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aldadiene
A metabolite of spironolactone that contains double bonds between C-4 and C-5 and between C-6 and C-7; formed upon removal of the 7alpha-acetylthiol side chain from spironolactone and as potent a diuretic as the parent compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldaric acid
One of a group of sugar acids characterised by the formula HOOC-(CHOH)n-COOH; e.g., saccharic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldebaran
<astronomy> A red star of the first magnitude, situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright star in the group called the Hyades. 'Now when Aldebaran was mounted high Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair.' (Spenser) ... Origin: Ar. Al-debaran, fr. Dabar to follow; so called because this star follows upon the Pleiades. ... Source …

aldehol
An oxidation product of kerosene; used for denaturing ethyl alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldehyde
<chemistry> A carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen, single-bonded to a hydrogen, and single-bonded to another chemical group (such as methane, benzene, another hydrogen, anything). ... The carbon oxygen double bond part is known as a carbonyl group (C=O). An example is acetaldehyde, which is a carbonyl group single-bonded to a hydrogen and s …

aldehyde base
An obsolete term for an imide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldehyde decarbonylase
<enzyme> Catalyses the decarboxylation of aldehydes to form alkanes and co ... Registry number: EC 4.1.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aldehyde dehydrogenase
<enzyme> An enzyme that oxidises an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. Before 1978, it was classified as EC 1.1.1.70. ... Chemical name: Aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.2.1.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
An oxidoreductase converting an aldehyde and CoA to acyl-CoA with NAD+ as H acceptor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
An oxidoreductase reversibly converting aldehydes to acids with NAD+ or NADP+ as H acceptor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
An oxidoreductase reversibly converting aldehydes to acids with NADP+ as H acceptor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldehyde DPN transhydrogenase
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) ...

aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
<enzyme> Contains molybdopterin as the organic component of tungsten cofactor ... Registry number: EC 1.2.7.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aldehyde fuchsin
A stain developed by Gomori, utilizing basic fuchsin paraldehyde and hydrochloric acid; it produces violet staining of elastic fibres, mast cell granules, gastric chief cells, beta cells of the pancreatic islets, and certain hypophyseal beta granules; other pituitary granules and cells stain in other colours. ... See: Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin stain …

aldehyde oxidase
<enzyme> Broad substrate specificity ... Registry number: EC 1.2.3.1 ... Synonym: n1-methylnicotinamide oxidase I, n-nitrosoreductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aldehyde oxidoreductases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldehyde reaction
The reaction of the indole derivatives with aromatic aldehydes; e.g., tryptophan and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in H2SO4 give a red-violet colour useful in assaying proteins for tryptophan content. ... Synonym: Ehrlich reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldehyde reductase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the oxidation of an aldose to an alditol. It possesses broad specificity for many aldoses. ... Chemical name: Alditol:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.21 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldehyde TPN transhydrogenase
Synonym for aldehyde dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that oxidises an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. Before 1978, it was classified as EC 1.1.1.70. ... Chemical name: Aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.2.1.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldehyde transhydrogenase
Synonym for alcohol dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the final step of alcoholic fermentation by reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol. In the case of ethanol, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen. The enzyme is a zinc protein which acts on primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacet …

aldehyde-ketone transferases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of aldehyde or ketone residues. ... Registry number: EC 2.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldehyde-lyases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond in a molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group to form two smaller molecules, each being an aldehyde or a ketone. The reaction is the reverse of an aldol condensation. These enzymes are also known as aldolases. ... Registry number: EC 4.1.2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldehydes
A large class of organic compounds containing the -cho radical, oxidised to acids and reduced to alcohols. Aldehydes are indicated by the prefix oxo- (for o of co) or formyl- (for cho), or by the suffix -al, -dial, -trial, etc. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldehydic acid
<biochemistry> Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-cooh) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-cho). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alder
<botany> A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. The species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees. Black alder. A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata), bearing re …

Alder bodies
Granular inclusions in polymorphonuclear leukocytes; they take on a dark colour with Giemsa-Wright stain and react metachromatically with toluidine blue. ... See: Alder's anomaly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alder, Albert von
<person> ... See: Alder's anomaly, Alder bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alder's anomaly
Coarse azurophilic granulation of leukocytes, especially granulocytes, which may be associated with gargoylism and Morquio's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldicarb
<chemical> A colourless, water-insoluble, sulphur-containing chemical that is used as an insecticide and to kill nematode worms. ... (06 May 1997) ...

aldimine
Synonym for Schiff base ... The reaction of a primary amine with an aldehyde or ketone yields an imine sometimes called a Schiff base. When an arylamine is used the Schiff base may form an intermediate in a staining reaction, for example for polysaccharides. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alditol
The polyalcohol derived by reduction of an aldose; e.g., sorbitol. ... See: aldose reductase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldobiuronic acid
Condensation products of an aldose and a uronic acid; such groupings occur among the components of various mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldocortin
Synonym for aldosterone ... <endocrinology, hormone> A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, that controls salt and water balance in the kidney. ... Abnormally high levels of this hormone cause sodium retention, high blood pressure, heart rhythum irregularities and possibly paralysis ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aldohexose
A 6-carbon sugar characterised by the (potential) presence of an aldehyde group in the molecule; e.g., glucose, galactose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldoketomutase
Synonym for lactoylglutathione lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. ... Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldol
See: aldol condensation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldol condensation
Formation of an aldol (a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound) from two carbonyl compounds; the reverse reaction is an aldol cleavage; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase catalyses such a reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldolase
<biochemistry, enzyme> In glycolysis, aldolase is responsible for cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two3-carbon molecules, dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.This is done via the formation of a protonated Schiff base at a specificlysine residue. ... (06 May 1997) ...

aldonate lactonohydrolase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes aldonate lactones to aldonic acids; also acts on aromatic lactones such as dihydrocoumarin and homogentisic-acid lactone ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aldonic acids
Monosaccharide derivatives in which the aldehyde group has been oxidised to a carboxyl group. They may form lactones (e.g., galactonic acid). ... Synonym: glyconic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldopentose
A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, of which one is a (potential) aldehyde group; e.g., ribose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldoril
<drug> A drug combination of methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide, for the treatment of high blood pressure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aldose
<chemistry> Any monosaccharide sugar that contains an aldehyde group (-CHO). ... (06 May 1997) ...

aldose 1-epimerase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. ... Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldose mutarotase
Synonym for aldose 1-epimerase ... <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. ... Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldose reductase
A polyol dehydrogenase (NADP+);an oxidoreductase that reversibly converts aldoses to alditols (e.g., glucose to sorbitol) with NADPH as hydrogen donor. An important step in the metabolism of sorbitol and in the formation of diabetic cataracts. ... See: d-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldose reductase inhibitor
<pharmacology> A class of drugs being studied as a way to prevent eye and nerve damage in people with diabetes. ... Aldose reductase is an enzyme that is normally present in the eye and in many other parts of the body. It helps change glucose (sugar) into a sugar alcohol called sorbitol. Too much sorbitol trapped in eye and nerve cells can dam …

aldose-ketose isomerases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of aldoses and ketoses. ... Registry number: EC 5.3.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldoside
A glucoside in which the sugar moiety is an aldose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldosterone
<endocrinology, hormone> A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, that controls salt and water balance in the kidney. ... Abnormally high levels of this hormone cause sodium retention, high blood pressure, heart rhythum irregularities and possibly paralysis ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aldosterone antagonist
An agent that opposes the action of the adrenal hormone aldosterone on renal tubular mineralocorticoid retention; these agents, e.g., spironolactone, are useful in treating the hypertension of primary hyperaldosteronism, or the sodium retention of secondary hyperaldosteronism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldosterone antagonists
Compounds which inhibit or antagonise the biosynthesis or actions of aldosterone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aldosteronism
<endocrinology> A disorder of excessive aldosterone secretion. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aldosteronogenesis
Formation of the hormone, aldosterone. ... Origin: aldosterone + G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldotetrose
A four-carbon aldose; e.g., threose, erythrose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldotriose
A three-carbon aldose; e.g., d-or l-glyceraldehyde. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldoxime
A compound derived by the reaction of an aldose with hydroxylamine, thus containing the aldoxime group -HC==NOH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aldrich syndrome
<syndrome> An sex-linked (X chromosome) genetic disorder occurring in male children that is characterised by thrombocytopenia, eczema, melena and susceptibility to bacterial infections. Death often occurs from severe haemorrhage or overwhelming sepsis. ... Inheritance: sex-linked (X chromosome). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Aldrich, Robert Anderson
<person> U.S. Paediatrician, *1917. ... See: Aldrich syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aldrin
<chemical> A chlorinated organic insecticide whose use and manufacture has been banned in the U.S. (but not all other countries). ... The chemical can poison via skin contact, ingestion or inhalation, symptoms include kidney damage, shaking, slurred speech, convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Chronic exposure to non-lethal doses of al …

alecithal ovum
An ovum in which the yolk is nearly absent, consisting of only a few particles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alectorobius talaje
An insect, commonly found in Mexico and South America, whose bites, like those of the bedbug, may suppurate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alemmal
Denoting a nerve fibre lacking a neurolemma. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + lemma, husk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alendronate
A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Aleppo boil
The lesion occurring in cutaneous leishmaniasis. ... See: cutaneous leishmaniasis ... Synonym: Biskra boil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...