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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

adsorption
1. <chemistry> The accumulation or concentration of molecules of a gas or liquid on a surface in contact with the gas or liquid, resulting in a relatively high concentration of the gas or solution at the surface. Note that the accumulating molecules do not actually penetrate the substance they are on. ... Compare: absorption. ... 2. <virolog …

adsorption chromatography
Chromatography in which separation of substances is achieved by the difference in degree of adsorption of the compounds to a stationary phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adsorption fermentation
<microbiology> (extractive fermentation) A fermentation technique in which products of the fermentation are removed from the broth by adsorption onto materials such as carbon or polymers. ... Generally, the preferred method of doing this is to circulate the fermenting broth through the adsorbent substrate, because the fermentation products are …

adsorption theory of narcosis
That a drug becomes concentrated at the surface of the cell as a result of adsorption, and thus alters permeability and metabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adsternal
Near or upon the sternum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adterminal
In a direction toward the nerve endings, muscular insertions, or the extremity of any structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adult
A living organism which has attained full growth or maturity. ... Origin: L. Adultus = grown up ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

adult lactase deficiency
Onset of lactase deficiency, with resulting milk intolerance and malabsorption, in adulthood. Inherited forms may not be manifested until adulthood; any process that damages the intestinal lining cells can cause lactase deficiency in adults. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adult medulloepithelioma
Synonym for malignant ciliary epithelioma ... <tumour> Malignant hyperplasia of ciliary epithelium with frequent involvement of the pigmented layer. ... Synonym: adult medulloepithelioma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adult respiratory distress syndrome
<chest medicine, syndrome> A clinical syndrome that includes pulmonary insufficiency. It is a descriptive term that is applied to a variety of diffuse infiltrative processes in the lung. ... Manifestations include severe shortness of breath, rapid breathing and arterial hypoxaemia (low oxygen). Chest X-ray shows bilateral diffuse infiltrates.< …

adult rickets
Synonym for osteomalacia ... <pathology> A condition marked by softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralisation, with excess accumulation of osteoid), with pain, tenderness, muscular weakness, anorexia and loss of weight, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D and calcium. ... Origin: Gr. Malakia = softness ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

adult T-cell leukaemia
Lymph nodes show a mixture of small and large atypical cells which are polymorphic and express nuclear pleiomorphism. Adult T-cell leukaemia is caused by HTLV-1 and is rare in the US and Europe but common in Japan. Tumour cells express CD2, CD3, CD5 and lack CD7. The most common chromosome change reported in adult T-cell leukaemia is presence of th …

adult T-cell lymphoma
<tumour> An acute or subacute disease associated with a human T-cell virus, with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, skin lesions, peripheral blood involvement, and hypercalcaemia. ... Synonym: adult T-cell leukaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adult tuberculosis
Synonym for secondary tuberculosis ... Tuberculosis found in adults and characterised by lesions near the apex of an upper lobe, which may cavitate or heal with scarring without spreading to lymph nodes; theoretically, secondary tuberculosis may be due to exogenous reinfection or to reactivation of a dormant endogenous infection. ... Synonym: adult t …

adult-onset diabetes
Synonym for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ... <disease> An often mild form of diabetes mellitus of gradual onset, usually in obese individuals over age 35; absolute plasma insulin levels are normal to high, but relatively low in relation to plasma glucose levels; ketoacidosis is rare, but hyperosmolar coma can occur; responds well to …

adult-onset still's disease
Although Still's disease was first described in children, it is known to begin in adults. See: Still's disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adulterant
An impurity; an additive that is considered to have an undesirable effect or to dilute the active material so as to reduce its therapeutic or monetary value. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adulteration
The alteration of any substance by the deliberate addition of a component not ordinarily part of that substance; usually used to imply that the substance is debased as a result. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adultery
Origin: L. Adulterium. See Advoutry. ... 1. The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband. ... It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer. The word has also been used to characterise t …

adultomorphism
Interpretation of children's behaviour in adult terms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adust
1. Inflamed or scorched; fiery. 'The Libyan air adust.' ... 2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt. 'A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 3. <medicine> Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the blood. Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy. ... Origin: L. Adustus, p. P. Of adurere: cf. F. Aduste. ... Source …

advance
1. The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress. ... 2. Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or office. ... 3. An addition to the price; rise in price or value; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods. ... 4. The first step towards t …

advance directives
Synonym for advance medical directives ... Advance directives preserve the person's right to accept or reject a course of medical treatment even after that person becomes mentally or physically incapacitated to the point of being unable to communicate those wishes. ... There ared two basic types of advance directives: (1) a living will, in which the …

advance medical directives
Advance directives preserve the person's right to accept or reject a course of medical treatment even after that person becomes mentally or physically incapacitated to the point of being unable to communicate those wishes. ... There ared two basic types of advance directives: (1) a living will, in which the person outlines specific treatment guideli …

advanced concepts torus i
<physics> A steady-state toroidal device built primarily for studies of RF heating and RF current drive. ... Acronym: ACT I ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

advanced fuels
<radiobiology> There are several elements or isotopes that could be fused together, besides the DT fuel mixture. Many such fuel combinations would have various advantages over DT, but it is generally more difficult to achieve fusion with these advanced fuels than with the DT mix. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

advanced life support
Definitive emergency medical care that includes defibrillation, airway management, and use of drugs and medications. ... Compare: basic life support. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

advanced toroidal facility
<physics> A large stellarator device developed at Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL), but now retired. ... Acronym: ATF ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

advancement
Surgical procedure in which a ligamentous or partially tendinous insertion or a skin flap is partially severed or released from its attachment and sutured to a more distal point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

advancement flap
Synonym for sliding flap ... A rectangular flap raised in an elastic area, with its free end adjacent to a defect; the defect is covered by stretching the flap longitudinally until the end comes over it. ... Synonym: advancement flap, French flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

advent
1. The period including the four Sundays before Christmas. Advent Sunday, the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30). ... 2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ. ... 3. Coming; any important arrival; approach. 'Death's dreadful advent.' (Young) 'Expecting still his adve …

adventitia
The outermost connective tissue covering of any organ, vessel, or other structure not covered by a serosa; instead, the covering is properly derived from without (i.e., from the surrounding connective tissue) and does not form an integral part of such organ or structure. ... Synonym: tunica adventitia, membrana adventitia. ... Origin: L. Adventicius, …

adventitial
Relating to the outer coat or adventitia of a blood vessel or other structure. ... Synonym: adventitious. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adventitial cell
Synonym for pericyte ... <pathology> Cell associated with the walls of small blood vessels: not a smooth muscle cell, nor an endothelial cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

adventitial neuritis
Inflammation of the sheath of a nerve. ... See: perineuritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adventitious
<botany> Describes roots or shoots or other parts that grow in an uncharacteristic place on a plant (such as roots growing from leaves). ... (06 May 1997) ...

adventitious albuminuria
Albuminuria resulting from the presence of blood escaping somewhere in the urinary tract, of chyle, or of some other albuminous fluid, not caused by filtration of albumin from the blood through the kidneys. ... Synonym: false albuminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adventitious bursa
<anatomy> A bursa-like cyst formed between two parts as a result of friction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adventitious cyst
Synonym for pseudocyst ... 1. An accumulation of fluid in a cystlike loculus, but without an epithelial or other membranous lining. ... Synonym: adventitious cyst, false cyst. ... 2. A cyst whose wall is formed by a host cell and not by a parasite. ... 3. A mass of 50 or more Toxoplasma bradyzoites, found within a host cell, frequently in the brain; fo …

adventive
In botany terminology, describes a plant which has been introduced to an area recently, in particular since colonisation by humans. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

adventure
1. That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss. 'Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all adventures, be fastened upon him individually.' (Milton) ... 2. Risk; danger; peril. 'He was in great adventure of his life.' (Berners) ... 3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking …

adverse
Harmful. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

adverse effect
This is an abnormal or harmful effect to an organism caused by exposure to a chemical. It is indicated by some result such as death, a change in food or water consumption, altered body and organ weights, altered enzyme levels, or visible illness. An effect may be classed as adverse if it causes functional or anatomical damage, causes irreversible c …

adverse event
A toxic reaction to a medical therapy. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

adverse reaction
Any undesirable or unwanted consequence of a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedure or regimen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adversive movement
A rotation of the eyes, head, or trunk about the long axis of the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

advertisements
Public notices, usually as paid announcements and usually printed in newspapers and magazines or posted on billboards. It includes motion picture or television advertising. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

advertising
The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

advice
The way in which one regards something: view, opinion, recommendation regarding a decision or course of conduct: counsel. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

advocate
A person who acts on behalf of another, usually for a cause or plea. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

adynamia episodica hereditaria
Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis, without myotonia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adynamic ileus
Obstruction of the bowel due to paralysis of the bowel wall, usually as a result of localised or generalised peritonitis or shock. ... Synonym: paralytic ileus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aeby, Christopher T
<person> Swiss anatomist, 1835-1885. ... See: Aeby's muscle, Aeby's plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aeby's muscle
Synonym for cutaneomucous muscle ... <anatomy> The 'sucking muscle,' a labial muscle formed by sagittal fibres running from the skin to the mucous membrane. ... Synonym: Aeby's muscle, Bovero's muscle, compressor muscle of lips, Klein's muscle, Krause's muscle, mucocutaneous muscle, musculus cutaneomucosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aeby's plane
In craniometry, a plane perpendicular to the median plane of the cranium, cutting the nasion and the basion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aedes
A genus of mosquitoes (culicidae) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. Yellow fever and dengue are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Aedes aegypti
The yellow fever mosquito, a species that is also the vector of the pathogen of dengue; characterised by white lyre-shaped markings on the thorax. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aedes albopictus
A species that is an important vector of dengue viruses widespread in the Pacific basin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aedes caballus
A species that is an important vector of Rift Valley fever in South Africa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aedes leucocelaenus
A species that transmits yellow fever in South America. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aedes polynesiensis
A species that is an important vector of filariasis and dengue in the Polynesian region. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aedes scapularis
A species that is a vector of myxomatosis of rabbits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aedes sollicitans
A common salt-marsh mosquito species and vector of eastern equine encephalomyelitis on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aedes variegatus
A species that is a vector of filarial parasites in the Pacific Islands (Gilbert and Ellice group). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aegyptianellosis
A tickborne disease of birds caused by rickettsiae of the genus Aegyptianella and characterised by punctiform haemorrhages of the serosa and anaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aelurophobia
Synonym for ailurophobia ... <psychology> Morbid fear of or aversion to cats. ... Synonym: aelurophobia. ... Origin: G. Ailouros, cat, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aelurostrongylus
A common genus of lungworm in cats; land snails and slugs serve as intermediate hosts and snail-eating animals can serve as transport hosts. ... Origin: G. Ailuros, cat, + Mod. L., fr. G. Strongylus, round ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aequorin
<chemical> A photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish aequorea. It emits visible light by an intramolecular reaction when a trace amount of calcium ion is added. The light-emitting moiety in the bioluminescence reaction is believed to be 2-amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (af-350). ... Chemical name: Aequorins ... (12 D …

aerate
1. To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly called fixed air. 'His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from aerated natural fountains.' (Carlyle) ... 2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to aerate soil; to aerate water. ... 3. <physiology> To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by …

aeration
<physiology> To add air or oxygen into a liquid. ... (06 May 1997) ...

aeration basin
A basin where oxygen is supplied by mechanical agitation or pneumatic means to enhance the breakdown of wastes held in suspension. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

aerenchyma
In plants, tissue incorporating large, gas-filled spaces interspersed with the cells in a characteristic pattern. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aerenchymous tissue
A type of plant tissue in which cells are unusually large, resulting in large air spaces in the plant organ, such tissues are often referred to as spongy and usually provide increased buoyancy. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aerendocardia
Presence of undissolved air in the blood within the heart. ... Origin: aer-+ G. Endon, within, + kardia, heart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerial
Something that is found in or takes place in the air. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aerial mycelium
The portion of mycelium that grows upward or outward from the surface of the substrate, and from which propagative spores develop in or on characteristic structures that are distinctive for various generic groups. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerial sickness
Synonym for altitude sickness ... A condition that results from prolonged exposure to high altitude. ... Symptoms include a continuous dry cough, shortness of breath, poor exercise tolerance, dizziness, headache, sleep difficulty, anorexia, confusion, fatigue and a rapid pulse. ... Treatment includes the immediate movement to a lower altitude. Prophyl …

aerie
A protected location on a cliff used by predatory birds as a site for rearing their young. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aero-
The air, a gas; aerial, gassy. ... Origin: G. Aer (L. Aer), air ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aero-odontalgia
Synonym for aerodontalgia ... Dental pain caused by either increased or reduced atmospheric pressure. ... Synonym: aero-odontalgia, aero-odontodynia. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Odous, tooth, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aero-odontodynia
Synonym for aerodontalgia ... Dental pain caused by either increased or reduced atmospheric pressure. ... Synonym: aero-odontalgia, aero-odontodynia. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Odous, tooth, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aeroatelectasis
A partial, reversible, airless state of lung tissue most likely to occur in pilots exposed to high G forces, breathing 100% oxygen, and wearing an anti-G suit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aerobacter
An officially rejected generic name of bacteria. The type species is Aerobacter aerogenes. Motile organisms previously placed in this species are now placed in Enterobacter aerogenes; the nonmotile organisms have been transferred to Klebsiella pneumoniae. The species Aerobacter cloacae is now known as Enterobacter cloacae. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Bakt …

aerobactin synthetase
<enzyme> Condenses 2 molecules of n-epsilon-acetyl-n-epsilon-hydroxylysine with citric acid to form aerobactin ... Registry number: EC 4.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aerobe
<microbiology> An organism that can or must live in an oxygen-containing environment andwhich uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor in respiration. ... (06 May 1997) ...

aerobic
1. <chemistry> Having molecular oxygen present. ... 2. <microbiology> Growing, living or occurring in the presence of molecular oxygen. Bacteria that require oxygen to survive (aerobic bacteria). The used of aerobic microbes to break down raw sewage (aerobic waste treatment). ... 3. <physiology> Requiring oxygen for respiration. ... …

aerobic exercise
Brisk exercise that promotes the circulation of oxygen through the blood. Examples include running, swimming, and cycling. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aerobic respiration
A form of respiration in which molecular oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide and water are produced. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerobic waste treatment
The used of aerobic microbes to break down raw sewage. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aerobiology
The study of atmospheric constituents, living and nonliving, of biological significance, e.g., airborne spores, pathogenic bacteria, allergenic substances, pollutants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerobioscope
<instrument> An apparatus for determining the bacterial content of the air. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Bios, life, + skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerobiosis
Life or metabolic reactions in the presence of molecular oxygen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aerocele
Distention of a small natural cavity with gas. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Kele, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aerococcus
A genus of aerobic Gram-positive cocci that resemble enterococci but do not form chains. They are frequently isolated as airborne saphrophytes in hospitals and as a pathogen of lobsters; cause greening in blood agar and grow in the presence of 40% bile. In humans, they are found in endocarditis and in urinary tract infections. The type and only spe …

aerocolpos
Distention of the vagina with gas. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Kolpos, lap, hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerodermectasia
Synonym: subcutaneous emphysema. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Derma, skin, + ektasis, a stretching out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerodontalgia
Dental pain caused by either increased or reduced atmospheric pressure. ... Synonym: aero-odontalgia, aero-odontodynia. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Odous, tooth, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerodontia
The science of the effect of either increased or reduced atmospheric pressure on the teeth. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerodynamic size
In aerosols, the particle size with unit density that best represents the aerodynamic behaviour of a particle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aerodynamics
The study of air and other gases in motion, the forces that set them in motion, and the results of such motion. ... Origin: aero-+ G. Dynamis, force ... (05 Mar 2000) ...