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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

adenoma, islet cell
A benign tumour of the islets of langerhans that may occur anywhere throughout the pancreas. Such tumours may result in hyperinsulinism or zollinger-ellison syndrome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenoma, liver cell
A benign epithelial tumour of the liver. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenoma, oxyphilic
A usually benign adenoma composed of oncocytes with granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm due to the presence of abundant mitochondria. It is often composed of huerthle cells found in the thyroid. It occurs uncommonly in the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenoma, pleomorphic
A benign, slow-growing tumour, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumour presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, colu …

adenoma, sweat gland
A benign neoplasm derived from epithelial cells of sweat glands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenoma, villous
An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumour of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenomatoid
Resembling an adenoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
A benign epithelial odontogenic tumour appearing radiographically as a well-circumscribed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion usually surrounding the crown of an impacted tooth in an adolescent or young adult; characterised histologically by columnar cells organised in a duct-like configuration interspersed with spindle-shaped cells and amyloid-like depo …

adenomatoid tumour
A small, circumscribed, benign tumour of the genital tract, composed of small glandlike spaces lined by flattened or cuboidal mesothelium-like cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenomatosis
<oncology> Abnormal formation of glandular tumours, usually in more than one gland. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

adenomatosis, pulmonary
A neoplastic disease in which the alveoli and distal bronchi are filled with mucus and mucus-secreting columnar epithelial cells. It is characterised by abundant, extremely tenacious sputum, chills, fever, cough, dyspnea, and pleuritic pain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenomatous
Relating to an adenoma, and to some types of glandular hyperplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenomatous colon polyps
<radiology> Probability of malignancy by size and type Size (cm) less than 1 1-2 greater than 2 --------------------------- tubular 1% 10% 34% mixed (TV) 4% 9% 45% villous 10% 10% 54%, most colon polyps (90%) are hyperplastic (size less than 5 mm) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenomatous goiter
An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to the growth of one or more encapsulated adenomas or multiple nonencapsulated colloid nodules within its substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenomatous polyp
A polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium. ... Synonym: cellular polyp, polypoid adenoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenomatous polyposis coli
An autosomal dominant polyposis syndrome in which the colon contains few to thousands of adenomatous polyps, often occurring by age 15 to 25. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenomatous polyps
Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenomegaly
Enlargement of one or both adrenal glands. ... Origin: adeno-+ G. Megas, large ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenomere
Structural unit in the parenchyma of a developing gland which becomes the functional portion of the organ. ... Origin: adeno-+ G. Meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenomyoma
<gynaecology> A condition where there is abnormal thickening of the endometrial lining of the uterus, extending into the fibrous and muscular layers. This condition occurs most commonly in women above 30 who have had children. ... Symptoms include prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding and painful menses with cramping. Treatment generally inclu …

adenomyomatosis of gallbladder
<radiology> Type of hyperplastic cholecystosis, increase in number and height of mucosal folds, secondary to hyperplasia of mucosal and muscular elements, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (intramural diverticula), 5% of all cholecystecomies, greater than 35 years; M:F = 1:3 associated with: gallstones in 25-75%, cholesterolosis in 33% findings: pea …

adenomyosarcoma
Synonym for Wilm's tumour ... <oncology, tumour> Wilm's tumour or nephroblastoma, is a cancerous tumour of the kidney in children. ... Wilm's is the most common tumour of the kidney and the most common intra-abdominal tumour in children. The exact cause is unknown, but probably develops in foetal tissue due to an underlying genetic factor. Like …

adenomyosis
<gynaecology> A condition where there is abnormal thickening of the endometrial lining of the uterus, extending into the fibrous and muscular layers. This condition occurs most commonly in women above 30 who have had children. ... Symptoms include prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding and painful menses with cramping. Treatment generally inclu …

adenomyosis uteri
A benign invasion of myometrium by endometrial tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenoneural
An obsolete term relating to a gland and a nervous element. ... See: neuroendocrine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenopathy
<pathology> A general term for glandular disease. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

adenophlegmon
Acute inflammation of a gland and the adjacent connective tissue. ... Origin: adeno-+ G. Phlegmone, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Adenophorasida
A class of nematodes lacking lateral canals opening into the excretory system and phasmids, with few or no caudal papillae, eggs unsegmented, and with polar plugs or hatching in utero. It includes the genera Trichuris, Capillaria, and Trichinella among important parasites of man and domestic animals. ... See: Secernentasida. ... Synonym: Adenophorea, …

adenophorea
A subclass of nematodes characterised by reduced or absent caudal papillae and an excretory system lacking lateral canals. Its organisms are usually infective to their final host. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenophorea infections
Infections with nematodes of the subclass adenophorea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenophyma
An obsolete term for any condition in which a gland or glandular organ is grossly enlarged as the result of inflammation. ... Origin: adeno-+ G. Phyma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosalpingitis
Synonym for salpingitis isthmica nodosa ... An abnormal condition of the fallopian tube in the place where it attaches to the uterus, characterised by nodules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

adenosarcoma
A malignant neoplasm arising simultaneously or consecutively in mesodermal tissue and glandular epithelium of the same part. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosatellite virus
Synonym for dependovirus ... <virology> A genus of viruses in the family Parvoviridae which are all defective viruses (unable to replicate by themselves) and depend on the co-infection of their host cell by other, nondefective viruses to help them replicate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

adenose
Relating to a gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosinase
Synonym for adenosine nucleosidase ... <enzyme> An enzyme hydrolyzing adenosine to adenine and d-ribose. ... Synonym: adenosinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine
<biochemistry> A ribonucleotide which consists of the nitrogenous base adenine linked to the sugar ribose. ... <drug> A cardiac drug used in terminating PSVT involving reentry pathways that include the AV node or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. For atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, atrial or ventricular tachycardias, adenosine may pro …

adenosine 3'-phosphate
3'-Adenylic acid. ... See: adenylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine 5'-diphosphate
A condensation product of adenosine with pyrophosphoric acid, formed from ATP by the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group of the latter compound. ... Acronym: ADP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine 5'-phosphate
5'-Adenylic acid. ... See: adenylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate
An intermediate in the formation of PAPS (active sulfate). ... Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase, the enzyme that catalyses the formation of active sulfate from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate and ATP. ... Acronym: APS ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine 5'-triphosphate
Adenosinepyrophosphate;adenosine with triphosphoric acid esterfied at its 5' position; immediate precursors of adenine nucleotides in RNA. The primary energy currency of a cell. ... Synonym: adenosine triphosphate. ... Acronym: ATP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine cyclic phosphate
Synonym for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate ... An activator of phosphorylase kinase and an effector of other enzymes, formed in muscle from ATP by adenylate cyclase and broken down to 5'-AMP by a phosphodiesterase; sometimes referred to as the 'second messenger.' A related compound (2',3') is also known. ... Synonym: cyclic adenylic acid, cycli …

adenosine deaminase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of adenosine to inosine with the elimination of ammonia. Since there are wide tissue and species variations in the enzyme, it has been used as a tool in the study of human and animal genetics and in medical diagnosis. ... Chemical name: Adenosine aminohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.4.4 ... …

adenosine diphosphate
<biochemistry> ADP is used as an adenine, a ribose and a diphosphate unit. ... (06 May 1997) ...

adenosine diphosphate glucose
<chemical> Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants. ... Chemical name: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosine diphosphate ribose
<chemical> Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate),5'-5-ester with d-ribose. An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of ribose and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosphate. Serves as a ribose carrier. ... Chemical name: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-5-ester with D-ribose ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosine diphosphate sugars
Esters formed between the aldehydic carbon of sugars and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosphate. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosine kinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. ... Chemical name: ATP:adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.20 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosine monophosphate
<chemical> Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. ... Chemical name: 5'-Adenylic acid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosine nucleosidase
<enzyme> An enzyme hydrolyzing adenosine to adenine and d-ribose. ... Synonym: adenosinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine phosphosulfate
<chemical> 5'-adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. ... Synonym: adenosine sulfatophosphate; aps. ... Chemical name: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosine tetraphosphatase
<enzyme> Catalyses hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate to yield nucleoside triphosphate and orthophosphate; isolated from seeds of yellow lupin lupinus luteus ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.14 ... Synonym: p4a phosphohydrolase, adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate phosphohydrolase, nucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate phosphohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

adenosine tetraphosphate
A condensation product of adenosine with tetraphosphoric acid at the 5' position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosine triphosphatase
<enzyme> A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with another function such as transporting calcium across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on calcium, magnesium, anions, h+, or DNA. ... Chemical name: ATP phosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosine triphosphate
<biochemistry> A nucleotide present in all living cells which serves as an energy source for many metabolic processes and is required for ribonucleic acid synthesis. ... (06 May 1997) ...

adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
<chemical> A stable adenosine a1 and a2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits camp and cgmp phosphodiesterase activity. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, vasodilator agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenosis
A rarely used term for a more or less generalised glandular disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosquamous carcinoma
<tumour> A type of lung tumour exhibiting areas of clear cut glandular and squamous cell differentiation along with regions of the undifferentiated carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosyl
The radical of adenosine minus an H or OH from one of the ribosyl OH groups, usually the 5', e.g., S-adenosyl-l-methionine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosylcobalamin
A derivative of vitamin B12. Its impaired biosynthesis can lead to methylmalonic acidemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of s-adenosyl-l-methionine to yield 5'-deoxy-(5'-),3-aminopropyl-(1), methylsulfonium salt. It is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of spermidine from putrescine. ... Chemical name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.50 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenotonsillectomy
<procedure> Operative removal of tonsils and adenoids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenous
Rarely used term for adenose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenoviridae
<virology> A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (mastadenovirus) and birds (aviadenovirus). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenovirus
<virology> An icosahedral (20-sided) virus that contains DNA, there are over 40 different adenovirus varieties, some of which cause the common cold. ... (10 May 1997) ...

adenovirus e1 proteins
The very first viral gene products synthesised after cells are infected with adenovirus. The e1 region of the genome has been divided into two major transcriptional units, e1a and e1b, each expressing proteins of the same name (adenovirus e1a proteins and adenovirus e1b proteins). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenovirus e1a proteins
Proteins transcribed from the e1a region of adenovirus which are involved in positive regulation of transcription of the early genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenovirus e1b proteins
Proteins transcribed from the e1b region of adenovirus which are involved in regulation of the levels of early and late gene expression. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenovirus e2 proteins
Proteins transcribed from the e2 region of adenovirus. Several of these are required for viral DNA replication. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenovirus e3 proteins
Proteins transcribed from the e3 region of adenovirus but not essential for viral replication. The e3 19k protein mediates adenovirus persistence by reducing the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on the surface of infected cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenovirus e4 proteins
Proteins transcribed from the e4 region of adenovirus. The e4 19k protein transactivates transcription of the adenovirus e2f protein and complexes with it. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenovirus early proteins
<molecular biology, protein, virology> Proteins encoded by adenoviruses that are synthesised prior to, and in the absence of, viral DNA replication. ... The proteins are involved in both positive and negative regulation of expression in viral and cellular genes, and also affect the stability of viral mRNA. Some are also involved in oncogenic t …

adenovirus endopeptidase
<enzyme> Has been sequenced; high homology for enzymes from human, bovine, canine, murine and avian adenoviruses; see also avian adenovirus type 1 proteinase ... Registry number: EC 3.4.22.- ... Synonym: ad2 proteinase, can1 proteinase, mav1 proteinase, adenovirus proteinase ad2 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

adenovirus infections, human
Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenoviruses, canine
Species of the genus mastadenovirus that causes fever, oedema, vomiting, and diarrhoea in dogs and encephalitis in foxes. Epizootics have also been caused in bears, wolves, coyotes, and skunks. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenoviruses, human
Species of the genus mastadenovirus, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can be associated with diseases of the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenoviruses, simian
Species of the genus mastadenovirus associated with respiratory and enteric infections in primate hosts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenyl
The radical or ion of adenine; often used for adenylyl, as in adenylosuccinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenyl cyclase
<enzyme> An enzyme that converts adenosine monophosphate to cyclic adenosine monophosphate, an intracellular second messenger of neural or hormonal activation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenylate
Salt or ester of adenylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenylate cyclase
<enzyme> Enzyme responsible for the ATP. ... (06 May 1997) ...

adenylate kinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. ... Chemical name: ATP:AMP phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.4.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenylic acid
A condensation product of adenosine and phosphoric acid; a nucleotide found among the hydrolysis products of all nucleic acids. 3'-Adenylic acid (adenosine 3'-monophosphate) and 5'-adenylic acid (adenosine 5'-monophosphate) differ in the place of attachment of the phosphoric acid to the d-ribose; deoxyadenylic acid differs in having H instead of OH …

adenylic acid deaminase
Synonym for AMP deaminase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the deamination of AMP to imp. ... Chemical name: AMP aminohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.4.6 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenylic acid kinase
Synonym for adenylate kinase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. ... Chemical name: ATP:AMP phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.4.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenylosuccinase
Synonym for adenylosuccinate lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that, in the course of purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, catalyses the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(n-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole to 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxamide-5-aminoimidazole and the conversion of adenylosuccinic acid to AMP. ... Chemical name: N(6)-(1,2-Dicarboxy …

adenylosuccinate lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme that, in the course of purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, catalyses the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(n-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole to 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxamide-5-aminoimidazole and the conversion of adenylosuccinic acid to AMP. ... Chemical name: N(6)-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase ... Registry number …

adenylosuccinate synthase
<enzyme> A carbon-nitrogen ligase. During purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyses the synthesis of adenylosuccinate from GTP, imp, and aspartate with the formation of orthophosphate and GDP. ... Chemical name: IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.3.4.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adenylosuccinic acid
A condensation product of aspartic acid and inosine 5'-monophosphate; an intermediate in the biosynthesis of adenylic acid. Formally, it is adenylic acid with succinic acid replacing an H of the NH2 group, forming a C-N. ... Synonym: adenylylosuccinic acid, N-succinyladenylic acid. ... Acronym: sAMP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenylpyrophosphatase
Synonym for adenosine triphosphatase ... <enzyme> A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with another function such as transporting calcium across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on calcium, magnesium, anions, h+, or DNA. ... Chemical name: ATP phosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.3 ... (12 Dec 1998)< …

adenylyl
The radical of adenylic acid minus an OH from the phosphoric group; often shortened to adenyl in compound names, such as adenylosuccinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenylyl cyclase
The former name for adenylate cyclase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adenylyl imidodiphosphate
<chemical> 5'-adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial atpase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylati …

adenylylosuccinate lyase
Synonym for adenylosuccinate lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that, in the course of purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, catalyses the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(n-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole to 5'-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxamide-5-aminoimidazole and the conversion of adenylosuccinic acid to AMP. ... Chemical name: N(6)-(1,2-Dicarboxy …

adenylylosuccinate synthase
Synonym for adenylosuccinate synthase ... <enzyme> A carbon-nitrogen ligase. During purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyses the synthesis of adenylosuccinate from GTP, imp, and aspartate with the formation of orthophosphate and GDP. ... Chemical name: IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.3.4.4 ... (12 D …

adenylylosuccinic acid
Synonym for adenylosuccinic acid ... A condensation product of aspartic acid and inosine 5'-monophosphate; an intermediate in the biosynthesis of adenylic acid. Formally, it is adenylic acid with succinic acid replacing an H of the NH2 group, forming a C-N. ... Synonym: adenylylosuccinic acid, N-succinyladenylic acid. ... Acronym: sAMP ... (05 Mar 2000 …

adenylylsulfate kinase
adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase ...

adeps
1. Denoting fat or adipose tissue. ... 2. The rendered fat of swine, lard, used in the preparation of ointments. ... Synonym: lard. ... See: adeps lanae. ... Origin: L. Lard, fat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adeps lanae
The greasy substance obtained from the wool of the sheep Ovis aries (family Bovidae). Used as an emollient base for creams and ointments. ... Synonym: hydrous wool fat, lanolin, wool wax. ... Origin: L. Fat of wool ... (05 Mar 2000) ...