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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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acute trypanosomiasisSynonym for Rhodesian trypanosomiasis ... A disease of humans caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in eastern Africa from Ethiopia and Uganda south to Zimbabwe; it is clinically similar to Gambian trypanosomiasis but of shorter duration and more acute in form; patients suffer repeated episodes of pyrexia, become anaemic, and die commonly from ca …
acute tuberculosisA rapidly fatal disease due to the general dissemination of tubercle bacilli in the blood, resulting in the formation of miliary tubercles in various organs and tissues, and producing symptoms of profound toxaemia. ... Synonym: acute miliary tuberculosis, disseminated tuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acute tubular necrosis<nephrology> A kidney disorder that results in damage to the renal tubule cells leading to acute renal failure. Acute tubular necrosis can result from any condition which deprives the kidney of oxygen (ischaemia). ... Acute tubular necrosis may occur as a complication of shock, trauma or sepsis. Conditions such as diabetes or liver disease can …
acute urethral syndrome<syndrome> This describes a clinical syndrome of dysuria (pain on urination) with sterile or low bacterial colony count culture results. ... Many of these patients have early or low-grade E. Coli, Staphylococcal saprophyticus or Chlamydia trachomatis infections. All are treated with antibiotics. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
acute urticariaSynonym for febrile urticaria ... Urticaria accompanied by slight constitutional symptoms. ... Synonym: acute urticaria, urticaria acuta, urticaria febrilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acute vascular occlusion<cardiology, surgery> A serious condition that results from the sudden blockage of an artery, usually with a blood clot. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
acute vascular purpuraSynonym for Henoch-Schonlein purpura ... <dermatology> This relatively rare disorder is characterised by skin purpura, joint pains, abdominal pain and renal disease (glomerulonephritis). ... Although Henoch-Schonlein purpura or anaphylactoid purpura, is thought to be a immune complex mediated disease, its exact cause is unknown. Its typical ben …
acute viral conjunctivitisAn epidemic inflammation of the conjunctiva marked by follicles, especially in the lower fornix; may be caused by adenoviruses, herpesvirus, and Newcastle disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acute yellow atrophy of the liverA lesion in which there is extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells of the liver, sometimes with fatty degeneration of the size of the organ; the necrosis may result from fulminant viral infection or chemical poisoning; associated with jaundice. ... Synonym: acute parenchymatous hepatitis, Rokitansky's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acute-phase protein<haematology> These plasma proteins (in addition to fibrinogen) increase 25% or more in response to inflammation and injury are under direct control of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (hepatocyte-stimulating factor). ... Other proteins which increase are ceruloplasmin, C3 and C4 which increase 50% or more; alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, …
acute-phase reaction<immunology, rheumatology> Refers to the changes in synthesis of certain proteins within the serum during an inflammatory response, which provides rapid protection for the host against microorganisms via non-specific defense mechanisms. ... It consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatoc …
acuteness1. The quality of being acute or pointed; sharpness; as, the acuteness of an angle. ... 2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception; acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; applied to the senses, or the understanding. By acuteness of feeling, we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by acuteness of intellect, we discern nice distinc …
acyanoticCharacterised by absence of cyanosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyclicNot cyclic; denoting especially an acyclic compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyclic acid<chemistry> Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...
acyclic compoundAn organic compound in which the chain does not form a ring. ... Synonym: aliphatic compound, open chain compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acycloguanosineSynonym for acyclovir ... <drug> An antiviral medication used to treat herpes virus infections. ... Nucleoside analogue (hydroxyethoxymethyl guanine) with antiviral properties, active against both type 1 and 2 herpes virus. Inactive until phosphorylated by specific viral enzyme, thymidine kinase and then blocks replication by inhibiting viral D …
acyclovir<drug> An antiviral medication used to treat herpes virus infections. ... Nucleoside analogue (hydroxyethoxymethyl guanine) with antiviral properties, active against both type 1 and 2 herpes virus. Inactive until phosphorylated by specific viral enzyme, thymidine kinase and then blocks replication by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. ... (11 Nov …
acylAn organic radical derived from an organic acid by the removal of the carboxylic hydroxyl group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyl carrier protein<protein> A small (77 peptides long) protein which binds six other enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. It was first isolated in E. Coli bacteria. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
acyl carrier protein acylase<enzyme> From E coli ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: acp acylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl glutamic acid amidohydrolase<enzyme> Specific for long chain acyl groups such as lauroyl, myristoyl and palmitoyl ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl protein synthetase<enzyme> Component of the fatty acid reductase complex of luminescent bacteria ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: luxe gene product, fatty acyl-protein synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl thioester transacylase<enzyme> Component of the fatty acid synthetase complex; forms acetyl pantetheine from acetyl CoA and pantetheine ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl-ACP dehydrogenaseenoyl-ACP reductase (NADPH) ...
acyl-activating enzymeSynonym for long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ... <enzyme> Fatty acid thiokinase (long-chain), a ligase forming acyl-CoA, AMP, and pyrophosphate from long-chain fatty acids, ATP, and coenzyme A. Activity is independent of phosphatidylcholine ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1.3 ... Synonym: acyl-activating enzyme, dodecanoyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid …
acyl-CoARCH2COSCoA or RCH2CO~SCoA;condensation product of a carboxylic acid and coenzyme A, and metabolic intermediate of importance, notably in the oxidation and synthesis of fat. ... Synonym: acyl-coenzyme A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyl-CoA carboxylase<enzyme> Catalyses carboxylation (ATP, mg ++, mco(3)-dependent) of acetyl-CoA, propionyl CoA, and butyryl CoA; from nematode turbatrix aceti ... Registry number: EC 6.4.1.- ... Synonym: acyl-coenzyme a carboxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase<enzyme> See also records for specific fatty acyl groups which have full EC nomenclature number; electron-transferring flavoprotein system reducing ubiquinone and other acceptors; formerly EC 1.3.2.2 ... Registry number: EC 1.3.99.3 ... Synonym: fatty-acyl CoA dehydrogenase, palmitoyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl- …
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADPH+)Enzyme catalyzing the reversible reduction of enoyl-CoA derivatives of chain length 4 to 16, with NADPH as the hydrogen donor, forming acyl-CoA and NADP+. ... Synonym: enoyl-CoA reductase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyl-CoA oxidase<enzyme> Catalyses stoichiometric conversion of palmitoyl-CoA and o2 into 2-hexadecenoyl-CoA and h2o2; oxidises acyl-CoA's with carbon chain lengths of 4 to 20; most active toward lauroyl-CoA, but not acetyl- or succinyl-CoA ... Registry number: EC 1.3.3.6 ... Synonym: fatty acyl CoA oxidase, fatty acyl-coenzyme a oxidase, fatty acid acyl-CoA o …
acyl-CoA sterol acyltransferase<enzyme> Isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae; sat1 and sat2 are isoenzymes; genbank u55383 ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1- ... Synonym: sat1 gene product, sat2 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl-CoA synthetaseGeneral term for enzymes that form acyl-CoA, now called ligases, specifically, long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyl-CoA transferase<enzyme> Transfers CoA from succinyl-CoA to propionate, forming propionyl-CoA plus succinate ... Registry number: EC 2.8.3.- ... Synonym: propionate CoA-transferase, acyl-coenzyme a transferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl-CoA triterpene acyltransferase<enzyme> Catalyses the esterification of triterpenes with a fatty acid; requires either acetyl-CoA, ATP, and fatty acid, or fatty acyl-CoA alone ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: actt-acyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl-CoA-diol transacylase<enzyme> Catalyses stepwise acylation of alkane-2,3-diols to give the diol ester which constitutes the major component of uropygial lipids of ring-necked pheasants ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: acyl-coenzyme a-diol transacylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyl-coenzyme ASynonym for acyl-CoA ... RCH2COSCoA or RCH2CO~SCoA;condensation product of a carboxylic acid and coenzyme A, and metabolic intermediate of importance, notably in the oxidation and synthesis of fat. ... Synonym: acyl-coenzyme A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyl-malonyl-ACP synthaseSynonym for 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase ... <enzyme> An enzyme condensing malonyl-ACP and acyl-cys-protein to 3-oxoacyl-ACP + cys-protein + CO2, and similar reactions, as steps in fatty acid synthesis; cys-protein is also a part of the fatty acid synthase complex. ... Synonym: acyl-malonyl-ACP synthase, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase. ... (05 Mar 2000)
acyladenylate
A compound in which an acyl group is combined with AMP by elimination of H2O between the OH's of a carboxyl group and of the phosphate residue of AMP, usually initially in the form of ATP and eliminating inorganic pyrophosphate in the condensation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acylagmatine amidase
<enzyme> Converts bleomycin to bleomycinic acid ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.40 ... Synonym: acylagmatine amidohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acylamidase
Synonym for amidase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of monocarboxylic amides to free acid plus NH3; ω-amidase acts on amides such as alpha-ketoglutaramic acid and alpha-ketosuccinamic acid. ... Synonym: acylamidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acylation
The introduction of an acid radical into the molecule of a chemical compound. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
acylcarnitine
Condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine. The transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acylglycerol acylhydrolase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes fatty acids from 1 or 2 position of diglycerides ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acylmercaptan
Synonym for thioester ... Compounds of the type. R CO s R. ... See: coenzyme A, palmitoylation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
acylmercaptan bond
A high energy bond formed by the condensation of a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a mercaptan (or thiol) group (-SH); widely formed in the course of intermediary metabolism, notably in the oxidation of fats, where the -SH is part of coenzyme A and the -COOH is part of the fatty acid being oxidised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
acyloxyacyl hydrolase
<enzyme> Removes nonhydroxylated fatty acids from lipid a ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
acyltransferases
<enzyme> Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an acyl group from a donor (often the corresponding acyl coenzyme a derivative) to an acceptor compound. ... Registry number: EC 2.3. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
acystia
Congenital absence of the urinary bladder. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + kystis, bladder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ad
<prefix> Prefix denoting increase, adherence, to, toward; near; very. ... In anatomical nomenclature, -ward; toward or in the direction of the part indicated by the main portion of the word. ... Origin: L. Ad, to, toward. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ad lib
<abbreviation> L. Ad libitum, freely, as desired. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ad sat
<abbreviation> L. Ad saturatum, to saturation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ADA
American Dental Association (and the American Diabetes Association). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
adacrya
Absence of tears; tearlessness. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + dakryon, tear, + -ia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adactyly
Congenital condition characterised by the absence of digits (fingers or toes); autosomal recessive in Holstein cattle. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + daktylos, digit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Adair-Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer model
Synonym for Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer model ... <biochemistry, chemistry> A model to explain the allosteric form of cooperativity; in this model, in the absence of ligands, the protein exists in only one conformation; upon binding, the ligand induces a conformational change that may be transmitted to other subunits. ... Synonym: Adair-Koshland-Ne …
adam's apple
This familiar feature in front of the neck is due to forward protrusion of the largest cartilage of the larynx. It takes its name from the story that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adam's throat. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
adamant
1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the embodiment of impenetrable hardness. 'Opposed the rocky orb Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield.' (Milton) ... 2. …
adamantane
<chemical> A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. ... Chemical name: Tricyclo(3.3.1.1(3,7))decane ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
adamantine membrane
Synonym for enamel cuticle ... The primary enamel cuticle, consisting of two extremely thin layers (the inner one clear and structureless, the outer one cellular), covering the entire crown of newly erupted teeth and subsequently abraded by mastication; it is evident microscopically as an amorphous material between the attachment epithelium and the …
adamantinoma
<tumour> Obsolete term for ameloblastoma. ... Adamantinoma of long bones, a rare tumour of limb bones, usually the tibia, that microscopically resembles an ameloblastoma; the histogenesis is uncertain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Adamkiewicz, Albert
<person> Polish pathologist, 1850-1921. ... See: artery of Adamkiewicz. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Adams-Stokes disease
Synonym for adams-stokes syndrome ... <syndrome> Transient asystole or ventricular fibrillation in the presence of atrioventricular block. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Adams-Stokes syncope
Syncope due to complete atrioventricular block. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adams-stokes syndrome
<syndrome> Transient asystole or ventricular fibrillation in the presence of atrioventricular block. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Adams, Robert
<person> Irish physician, 1791-1875. ... See: Adams-Stokes disease, Stokes-Adams disease, Adams-Stokes syncope, Adams-Stokes syndrome, Stokes-Adams syndrome, Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Adams, Sir William
<person> British surgeon, 1760-1829. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adamsite
A vomiting agent that has been used in military training and in riot control. ... Origin: Roger Adams, Am. Chemist ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Adanson, Michel
<person> French naturalist, 1727-1806. ... See: adansonian classification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adansonia
<botany> A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two species, A. Digitata, the baobab or monkey-bread of Africa and India, and A. Gregorii, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of Australia. Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and filled with pleasan …
adansonian classification
The classification of organisms based on giving equal weight to every character of the organism; this principle has its greatest application in numerical taxonomy. ... Origin: M. Adanson ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adaptation
1. <cell biology> The adjustment of an organism to its environment or the process by which it enhances such fitness. ... 2. <ophthalmology> The normal ability of the eye to adjust itself to variations in the intensity of light, the adjustment to such variations. ... 3. <neurology, physiology> The decline in the frequency of firing o …
adaptation diseases
Disease's falling theoretically into Selye's concept of the general-adaptation syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adaptation syndrome of Selye
General non-specific adaptation of the organism in response to specific stimuli which trigger a cycle of extensive physiological changes in the endocrine and other organ systems due to prolonged and intense stress. ... See: general adaptation syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adaptation, ocular
The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustment of the eye when the light threshold is increased; dark adaptation when the light is greatly reduced. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
adaptation, psychological
Favourable changes experienced by an individual, either as regards himself or his relationship with his environment, which lead to adjustment - also a rearrangement in mental attitude. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
adaptive behaviour
Any behaviour that enables an organism to adjust to a particular situation or environment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adaptive behaviour scales
A behavioural assessment device to quantify the levels of skills of mentally retarded and developmentally delayed individuals in interacting with the environment; consists of three developmentally related factors: 1) personal self-sufficiency, e.g., eating, dressing; 2) community self-sufficiency, e.g., shopping, communicating; 3) personal and soci …
adaptive enzyme
Synonym for induced enzyme ... Inducible enzyme, an enzyme that can be detected in a growing culture of a microorganism, after the addition of a particular substance (inducer) to the culture medium, but was not detectable prior to the addition and can act on the inducer. A prototype is the beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli, synthesised upon the …
adaptive hypertrophy
Thickening of the walls of a hollow organ, like the urinary bladder, when there is obstruction to outflow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adaptive management
A continuing process of action-based planning, monitoring, researching, evaluating, and adjusting with the objective of improving implementation and achieving the goals of the selected alternative. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
adaptive management area
Landscape units designated for development and testing of technical and social approaches to achieving desired ecological, economic, and other social objectives. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
adaptive radiation
<chemistry> The evolution of new speciesor sub-species to fill unoccupied ecological niches. ... (06 May 1997) ...
adaptometer
A device for determining the course of retinal dark adaptation and for measuring the minimum light threshold. ... Compare: biophotometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adaptor
<molecular biology> Short synthetic oligonucleotide strands that have one stickyend and oneblunt end, the blunt ends join to the blunt end of a DNA fragment, forming a new fragment with two sticky ends that can be more easily spliced into a vector. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...
adaptor hypothesis
A hypothesis, proposed by F.H.C. Crick, that an adaptor molecule must be present between the information-containing DNA and the protein being synthesised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
adaxial
<biology, plant biology> Facing towards the axis. ... Compare: abaxial. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
adder
1. A serpent. 'The eddre seide to the woman.' ... 2. <zoology> A small venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho. In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the milk adder, puffing adder, etc. ... Same as Sea Adder …
addict
1. To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; with to. 'They addict themselves to the civil law.' 'He is addicted to his study.' (Beau. & Fl) 'That part of mankind that addict their minds to speculations.' (Adventurer) 'His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity.' (Fuller) 'A man gross . . . And addicted to low company.' (Macaulay) …
addiction
<psychiatry> Pattern of compulsive drug use characterised by a continued craving for an opioid and the need to use the opioid for effects other than pain relief. (Psychological dependence). ... The state of being given up to some habit, especially strong dependence on a drug. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
addictive drug
Any drug that creates a certain degree of euphoria and has a strong potential for addiction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Addis count
A quantitative enumeration of the red blood count, white blood count, and casts in a 12-hr urine specimen; used to follow the progress of known renal disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Addis, Thomas
<person> U.S. Internist, 1881-1949. ... See: Addis count. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Addison, Christopher
<person> English anatomist, 1869-1951. ... See: Addison's clinical planes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Addison, Thomas
<person> English physician, 1793-1860. ... See: Addison's anaemia, Addison's disease, addisonian anaemia, addisonian crisis, Addison-Biermer disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Addison's clinical planes
A series of plane's used as landmarks in thoracoabdominal topography; the trunk is divided vertically by a median plane from the upper border of the manubrium of the sternum to the pubic symphysis, by a lateral plane drawn vertically on either side through a point half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the median plane at the inters …
Addison's disease
<endocrinology> A rare endocrine disease that results from the underproduction of aldosterone and cortisol (hormones) by the adrenal glands. ... Symptoms include weakness, low blood pressure, anaemia, low blood sugar and electrolyte abnormalities. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
addisonian
Relating to or described by Thomas Addison; usually used in relation to pernicious anaemia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
addisonian crisis
<endocrinology> An abrupt life-threatening state which is caused by insufficient production of cortisol by the adrenal gland. A typical finding in Addison's disease. Individuals who have been taking corticosteroids (glucocorticoids) for a prolonged period of time (weeks to months) are at risk for acute adrenal crisis if the medication is stop …
addisonian syndrome
Synonym for chronic adrenocortical insufficiency ... Adrenocortical insufficiency usually as the result of idiopathic atrophy or destruction of both adrenal glands by tuberculosis, an autoimmune process, or other diseases; characterised by fatigue, decreased blood pressure, weight loss, increased melanin pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes …
