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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

adrenal capsule
Synonym for suprarenal gland ... See adrenal gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenal cortex
<anatomy, endocrinology> This is the outer portion of the fattyacids and inhibit inflammation in allergic responses. Mineralocortoids regulate the levels of minerals such as sodium and potassium in the blood. ... (06 May 1997) ...

adrenal cortex injection
An obsolete treatment involving the parenteral administration of extract of the adrenal cortex; formerly used in treatment of Addison's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal cortical carcinomas
Large invasive and metastasizing tumours which may cause virilism or Cushing's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal cortical syndrome
<syndrome> An inexact (and obsolete) term that has been applied to Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, or the adrenogenital syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal crisis
<endocrinology> An abrupt life-threatening state which is caused by insufficient production of cortisol by the adrenal gland. A typical finding in Addison's disease. Individuals who have been taking corticosteroids (glucocorticoids) for a prolonged period of time (weeks to months) are at risk for acute adrenal crisis if the medication is stop …

adrenal cyst
<radiology> Same characteristics as renal cysts, but less common, thick wall, septations, calcifications suggests pseudocyst ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenal gland
<anatomy, endocrinology> This gland is found above each kidney and it made up of an outer wall (cortex) that secretes important steroid hormones and an inner portion (medulla) that produces adrenaline (adrenaline) and noradrenaline (noradrenaline). ... The hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, the way the body uses food, and other …

adrenal gland hypofunction
Adrenocortical hypofunction includes all conditions in which adrenal steroid hormone secretion falls below the requirements of the body. Adrenal insufficiency may be divided into two general categories: (1) those associated with primary inability of the adrenal to elaborate sufficient quantities of hormone and (2) those associated with a secondary …

adrenal gland insufficiency
<endocrinology> A condition that results from the inadequate production of adrenal hormones (see Addison's disease). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

adrenal gland tumour
<oncology> A benign tumour or adenoma, that usually results in the excess production of adrenal gland hormones. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

adrenal haemorrhage
<radiology> Neonate, right more common, 10% bilateral, birth trauma, hypoxia, septicaemia, congenital syphilis, haemorrhagic disorders (haemophilia, etc.) adult, septicaemia (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome), tumour, trauma Notes: usually resolves in 4-6 weeks, adrenal insufficiency rare, even if bilateral, may calcify ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenal hermaphroditism
Altered appearance of the genitalia due to disorders of adrenocortical function, most often female virilization; not an example of true hermaphroditism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal hyperplasia
<pathology> A condition of diffuse enlargement of the adrenal glands. ... Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

adrenal hyperplasia, congenital
A group of inherited disorders of adrenal steroidogenesis, the physical expression of which varies with the sex of the patient, the severity of the congenital enzyme defect, and the age at which the defect makes its presence felt. The most common form, the simple virilizing form, is due to a 21-hydroxylase deficiency. There is also a salt-losing fo …

adrenal hypertension
Hypertension due to an adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma or to hyperactivity or functioning tumour of the adrenal cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal imaging
<radiology> Cortex, I-131 iodo-cholesterol, not widely used due to high rad dose and 4-15 day delayed imaging, medulla, search for pheo, MIBG (I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenal insufficiency
<endocrinology> A condition that results from the inadequate production of adrenal hormones (see Addison's disease). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

adrenal leukodystrophy
Sudanophilic leukodystrophy with bronzing of skin and adrenal atrophy. A metabolic disorder of young males, characterised by widespread myelin degeneration and associated adrenal insufficiency. The myelin degeneration is massive in various portions of the brain and sometimes the spinal cord, with the accumulation of degradation products of myelin i …

adrenal mass
<radiology> Metastasis, most common (especially lung, melanoma), primary adenocarcinoma, large at diagnosis (greater than 5 cm), usually functional (increased corticosteroids most likely to be Cushing's), rapid growth, benign adrenal adenoma, with or without functional, nonfunctional occurs in 2-8% of population, diff from metastasis: MRI (me …

adrenal medulla
The inner part of the adrenal gland; it synthesises, stores and releases catecholamines. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenal medullary imaging
<investigation, radiology> A nuclear scan that images the adrenal glands after a radioactive tracer is injected into the bloodstream. This test is useful in detecting a pheochromocytoma, particularly if it not within the adrenal gland. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

adrenal myelolipoma
<radiology> Benign adrenal tumour, fat, bone marrow elements, usually an incidental finding, also known as adrenal choristoma, only adrenal mass containing fat ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenal rest
Synonym for accessory adrenal ... An island of cortical tissue separate from the adrenal gland, usually found in the retroperitoneal tissues, kidney, or genital organs. ... Synonym: adrenal rest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal rest tumour
A rare, usually benign, ovarian tumour thought to be derived from embryonic rest cells of the adrenals. This tumour causes various degrees of masculinization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenal virilism
Virilism produced by excessive or abnormal secretory patterns of adrenocortical steroids. ... Synonym: adrenal virilizing syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal virilizing syndrome
Synonym for adrenal virilism ... Virilism produced by excessive or abnormal secretory patterns of adrenocortical steroids. ... Synonym: adrenal virilizing syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenal weight factor
A postulated substance of adenohypophysial origin responsible for maintenance of the weight of the adrenal cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenalectomy
<procedure> Excision of one or both adrenal glands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenaline
<hormone> A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla in mammals. It can be produced synthetically for medical purposes. It is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to low blood glucose, exercise and stress and causes a breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, encourages the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, causes vasodil …

adrenaline oxidase
amine oxidase (flavin-containing) ...

adrenaline reversal
Synonym for epinephrine reversal ... The fall in blood pressure produced by epinephrine when given following blockage of alpha-adrenergic receptors by an appropriate drug such as phenoxybenzamine; the vasodilation reflects the ability of epinephrine to activate beta-adrenergic receptors which, in vascular smooth muscle, are inhibitory; in the absenc …

adrenalism
Synonym for hypercorticoidism ... Excessive secretion of one or more steroid hormones of the adrenal cortex; sometimes used also to designate the state produced by therapeutic administration of large quantities of steroids having glucocorticoid activity, e.g., hydrocortisone. ... See: Cushing's syndrome. ... Synonym: adrenalism, hyperadrenalcorticalis …

adrenalitis
Inflammation of the adrenal gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenalone
3'4'-Dihydroxy-2-(methylamino)acetophenone; 4-methylaminoacetopyrocatechol;precursor of epinephrine in some manufacturing processes; a topical adrenergic agent in ophthalmology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenalopathy
Any pathologic condition of the adrenal glands. ... Synonym: adrenopathy. ... Origin: adrenal + G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenarche
1. Axillary and pubic hair growth during puberty induced by hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex. ... 2. Physiologic change at puberty caused by adrenocortical secretion of androgenic hormones or precursors of them. ... Origin: adren-+ G. Arche, beginning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenergic
<neurology, physiology> Refers to neurons that use catecholamines as neurotransmitters at a synapse when a nerve impulse passes i.e. The sympathetic fibres. ... Also refers to neurones that are activated by, characteristic of or secreting adrenaline (adrenaline) or substances with similar activity. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

adrenergic agents
Drugs that act on adrenergic receptors or affect the life cycle of adrenergic transmitters. Included here are adrenergic agonists and antagonists and agents that affect the synthesis, storage, uptake, metabolism, or release of adrenergic transmitters. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic alpha-agonists
Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic alpha-antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic amine
Synonym for sympathomimetic amine ... An agent that evokes responses similar to those produced by adrenergic nerve activity (e.g., epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol). ... Synonym: adrenergic amine, adrenomimetic amine, sympathetic amine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenergic antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate adrenergic receptors. Adrenergic antagonists block the actions of the endogenous adrenergic transmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic beta-agonists
Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic beta-antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic blockade
Selective inhibition by a drug of the responses of effector cells to adrenergic sympathetic nerve impulses (sympatholytic) and to epinephrine and related amines (adrenolytic). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenergic blocking agent
A compound that selectively blocks or inhibits responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity (sympatholytic agent) and to epinephrine, norepinephrine, and other adrenergic amines (adrenolytic agent); two distinct classes exist, alpha-and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenergic bronchodilator
<pharmacology> A medication that acts to dilate (enlarge) the lumen of the airway to allow the unrestricted passage of air. These medications are commonly given to those with asthma who manifest wheezing. ... Examples include: theophylline, aminophylline, adrenaline, Alupent, metaproterenol, isoproterenol, Ventolin, Proventil, bitolterol, salm …

adrenergic fibres
Nerve fibres liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenergic neuronal blocking agent
A drug that prevents the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals; it does not inhibit the responses of the adrenergic receptors to circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, and other adrenergic amines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenergic receptors
Reactive components of effector tissues, most of which are innervated by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. Such receptor's can be activated by norepinephrine and/or epinephrine and by various adrenergic drugs; receptor activation results in a change in effector tissue function, such as contraction of arteriolar mus …

adrenergic uptake inhibitors
Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (antidepressive agents, tricyclic) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of sero …

adrenic
Relating to the suprarenal gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adreno-
Relating to the adrenal gland. ... Origin: L. Ad, to, near, + renes, the kidneys, + -o-+ -alis, pertaining to ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenoceptive
Referring to chemical sites in effectors with which the adrenergic mediator unites. ... Compare: cholinoceptive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenoceptor
Synonym for adrenergic receptors ... Reactive components of effector tissues, most of which are innervated by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. Such receptor's can be activated by norepinephrine and/or epinephrine and by various adrenergic drugs; receptor activation results in a change in effector tissue function, s …

adrenochrome
<chemical> 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1h-indole-5,6-dione. Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine. ... Chemical name: 1H-Indole-5,6-dione, 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenocortical
Pertaining to suprarenal cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenocortical adenoma
<tumour> A benign tumour of adrenal cortical cells; small unencapuslated nodules of adrenal cortex are probably localised areas of hyperplasia rather than adenoma's; true adenoma's are rare and may be symptomless or associated with Cushing's syndrome or primary aldosteronism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenocortical hormones
Hormone's secreted by the human adrenal cortex; e.g., cortisol, aldosterone, corticosterone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenocortical insufficiency
Loss, to varying degrees, of adrenocortical function. ... Synonym: hypocorticoidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenocorticoid
Synonym for corticosteroid ... <drug, endocrinology, pharmacology> Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of adrenocorticotrophin or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids or to angio …

adrenocorticomimetic
Mimicking or producing effects similar to adrenocortical function. ... Origin: adrenal + cortex + G. Minetikos, imitating ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenocorticotrophic
Stimulating growth of the adrenal cortex or secretion of its hormones. ... Synonym: adrenotropic, adrenotrophic. ... Origin: adrenal cortex + G. Trophe, nurture; trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenocorticotrophic hormone
<endocrinology> A peptide hormone that is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoid hormones, which help cells synthesise glucose, catabolize proteins, mobilizefree fatty acids and inhibit inflammation in allergic responses. ... (10 May 1997) ...

adrenocorticotropic
Synonym for adrenocorticotrophic ... Stimulating growth of the adrenal cortex or secretion of its hormones. ... Synonym: adrenotropic, adrenotrophic. ... Origin: adrenal cortex + G. Trophe, nurture; trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenocorticotropic hormone
The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another; sometimes prefixed by a to distinguish it …

adrenocorticotropin
Synonym for adrenocorticotropic hormone ... The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another …

adrenodoxin
<chemical> An iron-sulfur protein which serves as an electron carrier in enzymatic steroid hydroxylation reactions in adrenal cortex mitochondria. The electron transport system which catalyses this reaction consists of adrenodoxin reductase, NADP, adrenodoxin, and cytochrome p-450. ... Chemical name: Adrenodoxins ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenogenic
Of adrenal origin. ... Origin: adreno-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenogenital syndrome
<syndrome> A general term for a group of disorders which involve hyperplasia (or malignant tumours) of the adrenal cortex. Features include masculinisation of women, feminisation of men or precocious sexual development of children. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

adrenogenous
Synonym for adrenogenic ... Of adrenal origin. ... Origin: adreno-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenoleukodystrophy
<radiology> X-linked recessive, demyelination of cerebral white matter, adrenal insufficiency (unresponsive to ACTH), CT: white-matter disease: occipital regions to frontal, progression to generalised atrophy, NM: increased uptake in involved regions, ** dysmyelinating disease, white-matter disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

adrenolytic
<pharmacology> Inhibiting the action of adrenergic nerves, inhibiting the response to adrenaline. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (06 Oct 1997) ...

adrenomedullary hormones
Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla, particularly the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenomegaly
Enlargement of the adrenal glands. ... Origin: adreno-+ G. Megas, big ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenomimetic
Having an action similar to that of the compounds epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are liberated from the adrenal medulla and adrenergic nerves; term proposed to replace the less accurate term, sympathomimetic. ... Compare: adrenergic, cholinomimetic. ... Origin: adreno-+ G. Mimetikos, imitative ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenomimetic amine
Synonym for sympathomimetic amine ... An agent that evokes responses similar to those produced by adrenergic nerve activity (e.g., epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol). ... Synonym: adrenergic amine, adrenomimetic amine, sympathetic amine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenomyeloneuropathy
A disorder of adult males, consisting of long standing adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, progressive myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and sphincter disturbances; considered a variant of adrenoleukodystrophy. ... Origin: adreno-+ G. Myelos, medulla, + neuron, nerve, + pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenopathy
Synonym for adrenalopathy ... Any pathologic condition of the adrenal glands. ... Synonym: adrenopathy. ... Origin: adrenal + G. Pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenoprival
Rarely used term indicating a loss of adrenal function, as a result of either disease or surgical excision. ... Origin: adreno-+ L. Privo, to deprive ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenoreactive
Responding to the catecholamines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenoreceptors
Synonym for adrenergic receptors ... Reactive components of effector tissues, most of which are innervated by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. Such receptor's can be activated by norepinephrine and/or epinephrine and by various adrenergic drugs; receptor activation results in a change in effector tissue function, s …

adrenosterone
4-androstene-3,11,17-trione;an androgen isolated from the adrenal cortex. ... Synonym: andrenosterone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenotoxin
A substance toxic for the adrenal glands. ... Origin: adreno-+ toxin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenotrophic
Synonym for adrenocorticotrophic ... Stimulating growth of the adrenal cortex or secretion of its hormones. ... Synonym: adrenotropic, adrenotrophic. ... Origin: adrenal cortex + G. Trophe, nurture; trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenotropic
Synonym for adrenocorticotrophic ... Stimulating growth of the adrenal cortex or secretion of its hormones. ... Synonym: adrenotropic, adrenotrophic. ... Origin: adrenal cortex + G. Trophe, nurture; trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adrenotropic hormone
Synonym for adrenocorticotropic hormone ... The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another …

adrenotropin
Synonym for adrenocorticotrophic hormone ... <endocrinology> A peptide hormone that is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoid hormones, which help cells synthesise glucose, catabolize proteins, mobilizefree fatty acids and inhibit inflammation in allergic responses. ... (10 May 1997) …

adriamycin
Synonym for doxorubicin ... <drug, oncology> An antibiotic obtained from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius, used as an anticancer drug. ... Side effects include: nausea, vomiting, hair loss, low blood counts and chance of heart damage. ... (10 Oct 1997) ...

adroit
Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit mechanic, an adroit reply. 'Adroit in the application of the telescope and quadrant.' . 'He was adroit in intrigue.' …

adromia
Failure of muscle innervation. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + dromos, course ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Adson forceps
A small thumb forceps with two teeth on one tip and one tooth on the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Adson manoeuvre
Synonym for Adson's test ... A test for thoracic outlet syndrome; the patient is seated, with head extended and turned to the side of the lesion; with deep inspiration there is a diminution or total loss of radial pulse on the affected side. Not all patients with a positive Adson's test have thoracic outlet syndrome. ... Synonym: Adson manoeuvre. ... …

Adson, Alfred W
<person> U.S. Neurosurgeon, 1887-1951. ... See: Adson's test, Adson forceps, Adson manoeuvre, Brown-Adson forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Adson's test
A test for thoracic outlet syndrome; the patient is seated, with head extended and turned to the side of the lesion; with deep inspiration there is a diminution or total loss of radial pulse on the affected side. Not all patients with a positive Adson's test have thoracic outlet syndrome. ... Synonym: Adson manoeuvre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adsorb
<chemistry> Refers to the process of one material attracting and holding molecules of another substance to the surface of its molecules. ... (06 May 1997) ...

adsorbate
Any substance adsorbed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

adsorbent
1. A substance that adsorbs, i.e., a solid substance endowed with the property of attaching other substances to its surface without any covalent bonding, e.g., activated charcoal. ... 2. An antigen or antibody used in immune adsorption. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...