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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Actinomyxidia
A sporozoan order having a double cellular envelope, three polar capsules, and eight spores; parasitic chiefly in segmented worms, such as the common earthworm. ... Origin: actino-+ G. Myxa, mucus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinoneuritis
An obsolete term for radioneuritis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinophage
A virus specific for actinomycetes. ... Origin: actino(myces) + G. Phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinophytosis
Synonym: actinomycosis, botryomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Actinopoda
A class of Sarcodina having slender pseudopodia with a central axial filament. ... Origin: actino-+ G. Pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinosin
2-Amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxylic acid;a phenoxazone derivative that is the chromophore of the actinomycins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinotherapy
In dermatology, ultraviolet light therapy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

action
1. A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action. 'One wise in council, one in action brave.' (Pope) ... 2. An act; a thing do …

action current
An electrical current induced in muscle fibres when they are effectively stimulated; normally it is followed by contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

action potential
<physiology> The sequential, electrochemical polarization and depolarisation that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation (touch, pain, cold, etc.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

action tremor
Synonym for intention tremor ... <neurology> A tremor which arises or which is intensified when a voluntary, coordinated movement is attempted. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

activase
<enzyme> A thrombolytic agent which works by activating the bodys own fibrinolytic system by activating the production of plasmin from plasminogen. Plasmin is an enzyme which degrades fibrin clots and fibrinogen, as well as several other protein clotting factors. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

activate
1. To render activity. ... 2. To become active. ... 3. <chemistry> To convert (a compound, as a provitamin or enzyme) into an active form or different compound, especially. Into one that has a particular biological action (for example ergosterol by irradiation to vitamin D2 for use in treating rickets). ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

activated acetaldehyde
The activated form of acetaldehyde that is formed during the decarboxylation of active pyruvate. Formed in alcohol fermentation and in carbohydrate metabolism. ... Synonym: a-hydroxyethylthiamin pyrophosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated amino acid
Synonym for aminoacyl adenylate ... The product formed by the condensation of the acyl radical of an amino acid and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (originally in the form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, with elimination of a pyrophosphoric group). Formed in the first step of protein biosynthesis. ... Synonym: activated amino acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated atom
An atom possessing more than normal energy as a result of input of energy. ... See: excited state. ... Synonym: excited atom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated carboxylic acid
Derivative of a carboxyl group that is more susceptible to nucleophilic attack than a free carboxyl group; e.g., acid anhydrides, thioesters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated charcoal
<drug> A type of carbon produced through exposing a source material such as wood or bone to very high temperatures in the presence of steam, air or carbon monoxide. ... Activated carbon is very good at removing (adsorbing) contaminants and is used in water filters, to decolour solutions and is sometimes administered to poisoning victims. ... (1 …

activated choline
Synonym for cytidine diphosphocholine ... An intermediate in the formation of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin); formed by the action of cytidine 5'-triphosphate on phosphocholine, linking the choline phosphate group to the alpha-phosphate of the cytidine 5'-triphosphate to give a pyrophosphate. ... Synonym: activated choline, cytidine diphosphate choli …

activated clotting time
The most common test used for coagulation time in cardiovascular surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated complex
<chemistry> State of highest energy during a reaction. When reactants form the activated complex, bond breaking and bond formation is occurring. ... Synonym: transition state. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

activated fatty acid
A fatty acyl-coenzyme A thiol ester. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated glucose
A nucleoside diphosphoglucose such as UDP glucose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated macrophage
A mature macrophage, in an active metabolic state, that is cytotoxic to tumour/target cells, usually following exposure to certain cytokines. ... Synonym: armed macrophage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated resin
Synonym for autopolymer resin ... Autopolymerizing resin, any resin that can be polymerised by chemical catalysis rather than by the application of heat; used in dentistry for dental restoration, denture repair, and impression trays. ... Synonym: activated resin, cold cure resin, cold-curing resin, quick cure resin, self-curing resin. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

activated sludge
See: activated sludge method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activated sludge method
A method of sewage disposal in which the sewage is treated with 15% bacterially active, liquid sludge, which is produced by repeated vigorous aeration of fresh sewage to form floccules or sediment; when this flocculation process is complete, the resulting activated sludge contains large numbers of bacteria, together with yeasts, molds, and protozoa …

activated sludge process
<procedure> A method of treating sewage and wastewater through microbial oxidation. Sewage previously treated in settling tanks is aerated to encourage the growth of nonpathogenic aerobic microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, moulds and protozoans) which break the organic matter down into carbon dioxide, water and simple salts. ... After this acti …

activated state
Synonym for excited state ... <chemistry, radiobiology> An atom or nucleus which possesses more energy than its ground state energy. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

activation
<radiobiology> Activation occurs when a particle interacts with an atomic nucleus, shifting the nucleus into an unstable state, and causing it to become radioactive. ... In fusion research, where deuterium-tritium is a common fuel mixture, the neutron released when (D + T) combine to form (4He + n) can activate the reactor structure. In this c …

activation analysis
<radiobiology> Method for identifying and measuring chemical elements in a sample of material. Sample is first made radioactive by bombardment with neutrons, charged particles, or gamma rays. ... Newly formed radioactive atoms in the sample then give off characteristic radiations (such as gamma rays) that tell what kinds of atoms are present, …

activation energy
<chemistry> The amount of energy (expressed in joules) that is needed to convert all the molecules in one mole of a reacting substance from a ground state to the transition state. ... (06 May 1997) ...

activation product
<radiobiology> The unstable nucleus formed when activation occurs. (See activation above.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

activator
<biochemistry> A DNA-binding transcription metabolite that positively modulates an allosteric enzyme or regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of transcription. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

activator appliances
Loose-fitting removable orthodontic appliances which redirect the pressures of the facial and masticatory muscles onto the teeth and their supporting structures to produce improvements in tooth arrangements and occlusal relations. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

active
Characterised by action, not passive, not expectant. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

active acetate
Synonym for acetyl-CoA ... <enzyme> Condensation product of coenzyme A and acetic acid, symbolised as CoAS~COCH3; intermediate in transfer of two-carbon fragment, notably in its entrance into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in fatty acid synthesis. ... This coenzyme plays a huge role in intermediary metabolism, in which cells synthesise, break …

active aldehyde
Any aldehyde derivative of thiamin pyrophosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active anaphylaxis
Reaction following inoculation of antigen in a subject previously sensitised to the specific antigen, in contrast to passive anaphylaxis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active biomass
<cell biology> The amount of a given culture that is actively growing. ... (06 May 1997) ...

active carbon dioxide
Activated carbon dioxide, a complex of N-carboxybiotin (biotin + CO2) and an enzyme; the form in which carbon dioxide is added to other molecules in carboxylations; e.g., to methylcrotonyl-CoA to form beta-methylglutaconyl in the catabolism of leucine, and to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. ... See: acetyl-CoA carboxylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active caries
Microbial-induced lesions of teeth that are increasing in size. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active centre
The part of a macromolecule at which a substrate or ligand, upon binding, produces biological activity; for an enzyme, this is the catalytic centre, the site on an enzyme that catalyses the reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active congestion
Congestion due to an increased flow of arterial blood to a part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active electrode
A small electrode whose exciting effect is used to stimulate or record potentials from a localised area. ... Synonym: exciting electrode, localizing electrode, therapeutic electrode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active formaldehyde
A hydroxymethyl derivative of tetrahydrofolate or thiamin pyrophosphate, N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofo late. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active formyl
The formyl group taking part in transformylation reactions with a folic acid derivative in the role of carrier. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active immunity
<immunology> An organisms resistance to disease or infection, developed because the organisms immune system has produced antibodies after an infection or innoculation. ... (06 May 1997) ...

active immunization
The production of active immunity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active inflammation
Synonym for acute inflammation ... Any inflammation that has a fairly rapid onset, quickly becomes severe, usually manifested for only a few days, but may persist for several days or even a few weeks. ... Synonym: active inflammation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active labour
Contractions resulting in progressive effacement and dilation of the cervix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active length-tension curve
The relationship between active isometric tension and preload (rest length) for a contracting muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active methionine
Synonym for S-adenosyl-l-methionine ... S-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl)-l-methionine;condensation product of adenosine and l-methionine involving replacement of the -OPO3H2 of adenylic acid by -S+ (CH3)CH2CH2CH(NH3+)CO 2 of methionine; a sulfonium compound bearing a methyl group that is transferred in transmethylation reactions. ... See: methionine adenosyl …

active methyl
A methyl group attached to a quaternary ammonium ion or a tertiary sulfonium ion that can take part in transmethylation reactions; e.g., methyl groups in choline and in S-adenosyl-l-methionine, which are thus methyl donors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active movement
Movement effected by the organism itself, unaided by external influences. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active mutant
A mutant with overt phenotypic expression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active placebo
Synonym for placebo ... <pharmacology> Any dummy medical treatment, originally, a medicinal preparation having no specific pharmacological activity against the patients illness or complaint given solely for the psychophysiological effects of the treatment, more recently, a dummy treatment administered to the control group in a controlled clini …

active principle
A constituent of a drug, usually an alkaloid or glycoside, upon the presence of which the characteristic therapeutic action of the substance largely depends. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active prophylaxis
Use of an antigenic (immunogenic) agent to actively stimulate the immunological mechanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis in which the analyst intervenes directly and actively in the patient's life, e.g., by making prohibitions, assigning tasks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active pyruvate
An intermediate formed in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. ... Compare: pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide). ... Synonym: alpha-lactyl-thiamin pyrophosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active repressor
A repressor that combines directly with an operator gene to repress the operator and its structural genes, thus repressing protein synthesis; active repressor may be repressed by an inducer, with resulting protein synthesis; a homeostatic mechanism for regulation of inducible enzyme systems. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active site
<chemistry> A specific region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis takes place (binding site). ... (06 May 1997) ...

active splint
Synonym for dynamic splint ... A splint utilizing springs or elastic bands that aids in movements initiated by the patient by controlling the plane and range of motion. ... Synonym: active splint, functional splint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active succinate
Synonym for succinyl-coenzyme A ... The condensation product of succinic acid and CoA; one of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a precursor in the synthesis of haem. ... Synonym: active succinate, succinyl-CoA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active sulfate
Synonym for adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate ... 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate;an intermediate in the formation of urinary ethereal sulfates, notable for containing a 'high energy' sulfate bond; the 3'-OH of adenosine is replaced by -OPO3H2, the 5'-OH by -OP(O2H)-OSO3H. ... Synonym: active sulfate. ... Acronym: PAPS ... (05 Mar 2000) …

active transport
<biochemistry, chemistry> Transport of ions, nutrients or other molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient, this requires the expenditure of energy through ATP hydrolysis. ... (06 May 1997) ...

active treatment
A therapeutic substance or course intended to ameliorate the basic disease problem, as opposed to supportive or palliative treatment. ... Compare: causal treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active vasoconstriction
Reduced caliber of a vessel caused by increased tonus in the smooth muscle in its walls. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

active vasodilation
Vasodilation caused by decrease in tonus of smooth muscle in the wall of a vessel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activities of daily living
The things we normally do in daily living including any daily activity we perform for self-care (such as feeding ourselves, bathing, dressing, grooming), work, homemaking, and leisure. The ability or inability to perform ADLs can be used as a very practical measure of ability/disability in many disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

activities of daily living scale
A scale to score physical activity and its limitations, based on answers to simple questions about mobility, self-care, grooming, etc; widely used in geriatrics, rheumatology, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

activity
1. The state of being active, the ability to produce some effect, the extent of some function or action. ... 2. <chemistry> A thermodynamic quantity that represents the effective concentration of a solute in a nonideal solution, if concentrations are replaced by activities, the equations for equilibrium constants, electrode potentials, osmotic …

activity coefficient
<chemistry> The factor by which the value of a concentration of a solute must be multiplied to determine its true thermodynamic activity. ... (06 May 1997) ...

activity cycles
Bouts of physical irritability or movement alternating with periods of quiescence. It includes biochemical activity and hormonal activity which may be cellular. These cycles are shorter than 24 hours and include sleep-wakefulness cycles and the periodic activation of the digestive system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

activity, drug
A measure of the physiological response a drug produces in the body. A less active drug produces less response (and visa versa). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actomyosin
<chemical> A protein complex of actin and myosin occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle. ... Chemical name: Actomyosins ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actual
1. Involving or comprising action; active. 'Her walking and other actual performances.' (Shak) 'Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that is . . . By a special prayer or action, . . . Given to God.' (Jer. Taylor) ... 2. Existing in act or reality; really acted or acting; in fact; real; opposed to potential, possible, virtual, speculative, co …

actual cautery
A cautery, such as electrocautery, acting directly through heat and not by chemical means. ... Synonym: technocausis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actuarial analysis
The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any event, such as onset of illness, recurrent disease, hospitalization, disability, or death. It may include calculation of the anticipated money costs of such events and of the premiums necessary to provide for payment of such costs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Acuaria spiralis
A nematode parasite in the proventriculus and oesophagus, and sometimes the intestine, of chickens, turkeys, pheasants, and other birds. ... Origin: L. Acus, needle; Mod. L. Spiralis, spiral ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acuity
<ophthalmology> The clarity or clearness, especially of the vision or hearing. ... Origin: L. Acuitas = sharpness ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aculeacin A acylase
<enzyme> From aspergillus; used in preparing deactylated peptides ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aculeate
Synonym for prickly ... Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with prickles; as, a prickly shrub. ... <botany> Prickly ash, any one of several species of South American burrowing rodents belonging to Ctenomys and allied genera. The hair is usually intermingled with sharp spines. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

aculeus
<botany> A prickle growing from bark. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

acumen
<plant biology> The point of an acuminate leaf. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

acuminate
<botany> Tapering gradually to a protracted point, used to descibe a leaf that tapers abruptly to a sharp point. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

acuminate papular syphilid
Synonym for follicular syphilid ... Secondary eruption of small follicular papules, usually appearing as groups of lesions. ... Synonym: acuminate papular syphilid, lichen syphiliticus, miliary papular syphilid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acuology
The study of the use of needles for therapeutic purposes, as in acupuncture. ... Origin: L. Acus, needle, + G. Logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acupuncture anaesthesia
Insertion of acupuncture needles at specific points in the body to block the afferent nerve impulses from reaching the brain, thus producing the loss of sensation of pain. The technique is used in performing surgery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

acupuncture analgesia
Analgesia produced by the insertion of acupuncture needles at certain points in the body. These activate the small myelinated nerve fibres in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centres - the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary hypothalamus - to produce analgesia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

acupuncture points
Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

acupuncture therapy
Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. Heat or moxibustion and acupressure may be used in conjunction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

acus
Rarely used term for needle. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acusection
Rarely used term for electrosurgery using a needle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acusector
Rarely used term for needle used for electrosurgery. ... Origin: L. Acus, needle, + secare, to cut ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acusis
The ability to perceive sound normally. ... Synonym: normal hearing. ... Origin: G. Akousis, hearing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acute
1. Sharp, poignant. ... 2. Having a short and relatively severe course. ... Origin: L. Acutus = sharp ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

acute abdomen
Any serious acute intra-abdominal condition (such as appendicitis) attended by pain, tenderness, and muscular rigidity, and for which emergency surgery must be considered. ... Synonym: surgical abdomen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acute abscess
A recently formed abscess with little or no fibrosis in the wall of the cavity. ... Synonym: hot abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...