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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

acroparesthesia
1. Paresthesia of one or more of the extremities. ... 2. Nocturnal paresthesia involving the hands, most often of middle-aged women; formerly attributed to a lesion in the thoracic outlet, but now known to be a classic symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. ... Origin: acro-+ paresthesia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acroparesthesia syndrome
<syndrome> Abnormal sensation such as numbness and tingling in the hands, usually in middle-aged women; classic symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acropathy
Synonym: hereditary clubbing. ... Origin: acro-+ G. Pathos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acropetal
<botany> Describes a plant part which is arising or developing in a longitudinal sequence beginning at the base and proceeding towards the apex. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

acrophobia
Morbid fear of heights. ... Origin: acro-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acropigmentation
Hyperpigmentation of the dorsal surfaces of the fingers and toes beginning in early childhood and usually increasing with age; more common in persons of dark complexion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acropleurogenous
Denoting spores developing at the tip and along the sides of fungal hyphae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acropustulosis
Pustular eruptions of the hands and feet, often a form of psoriasis. ... Origin: acro-+ pustulosis ... Infantile acropustulosis, a cyclically recurrent papulopustular and crusting pruritic eruption, usually in black children, appearing soon after birth to 10 months; remission occurs at about 2 years of age. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acroscleroderma
Synonym: acrosclerosis. ... Origin: acro-+ G. Skleros, hard, + derma, skin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrosclerosis
Stiffness and tightness of the skin of the fingers, with atrophy of the soft tissue and osteoporosis of the distal phalanges of the hands and feet; a limited form of progressive systemic sclerosis occurring with Raynaud's phenomenon. ... See: CREST syndrome. ... Synonym: acroscleroderma, sclerodactyly, sclerodactylia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrosin
<enzyme> An enzyme found in sperm cells which is thought to help the sperm penetrate the tough outer surface of the ovum. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

acrosomal cap
A collapsed membranous vesicle that covers the anterior part of the nucleus of the spermatozoon, derived from the acrosomal granule; the carbohydrate-rich substance of the cap is associated with hydrolytic enzymes that aid in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida of the ovum. ... Synonym: head cap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrosomal granule
The single glycoprotein rich granule within an acrosomal vesicle, which results from the coalescence of proacrosomal granule's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrosomal vesicle
A vesicle derived from the Golgi apparatus during spermiogenesis whose limiting membrane adheres to the nuclear envelope; together with the acrosomal granule within, it spreads in a thin layer over the pole of the nucleus to form the acrosomal cap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrosome
<cell biology> A membrane-bound compatment at the tip of the head of a sperm which contains lytic enzymes (hyaluronidase in mammalian sperm) which digest the outer surface of the egg and allow the sperm to inject its haploid DNA. ... The compartment is secreted by the Golgi apparatus of the spermatid. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (12 Mar 1998 …

acrosomin
A lipoglycoprotein complex present in the acrosomal cap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrospire
<botany> The sprout at the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in germination; so called from its spiral form. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

acrospiroma
<tumour> A tumour of the distal dermal segment of a sweat gland. ... Origin: scro-+ G. Speira, coil, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrospiroma, eccrine
A tumour derived from eccrine sweat duct epithelium which may be intra-epidermal (hidro-acanthoma simplex), juxta-epidermal (eccrine poroma) or intradermal (dermal duct tumour). They are comparatively uncommon. There is no indication that heredity or external agents cause these tumours. (rook et al., textbook of dermatology, 4th ed, p2409) ... (12 D …

acrospore
<botany> A spore borne at the extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

acrostealgia
Painful inflammation of the bones of the hands and feet. ... Origin: acro-+ G. Osteon, bone, + algos, pain, + -ia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrostichoid
<plant biology> Of sporangia, densely covering the abaxial surface of the fertile frond, i.e. Not in distinct groups, of ferns, having the sporangia arranged as above. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

acrosyndesis
<cell biology> A type of pairing that occurs during meiosis, a process where the cells nucleus divides, which involves the terminal portions of homologous chromosomes. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

acroteric
Relating to the extreme peripheral or apical parts, such as the tips of fingers and toes, the end of the nose. ... Origin: G. Akroterion, the topmost point ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrotheca
1. Former name for Rhinocladiella. ... 2. In fungi, a type of spore formation characteristic of the genus Fonsecaea, in which conidia are formed along the ends and sides of irregular club-shaped conidiophores. ... Origin: acro-+ G. Theke, box, case ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrotrophodynia
Pain, paresthesia, sensory loss, and trophic changes affecting the distal extremities, usually the feet, that can follow prolonged exposure of the limbs to cold and moisture. ... Origin: acro-+ G. Trophe, nourishment, + odyne, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrotrophoneurosis
Trophoneurosis of one or more of the extremities. ... Origin: acro-+ G. Trophe, nourishment, + neuron, nerve, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrylate
A salt or ester of acrylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrylic
<dentistry> A plastic used to false teeth, retainers, and other dental products. Dental acrylic has been tested and thought to be perfectly safe. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

acrylic acids
A series of unsaturated aliphatic acids of the general formula R==CH-COOH; the prototype, acrylic acid (R=CH2) or 2-propenoic acid, is derived from propionic acid by reduction or from glycerol by dehydration. ... Synonym: acroleic acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrylic resin
A general term applied to a resinous material of the various esters of acrylic acid; used as a denture base material, for other dental restorations, and for trays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrylic resin base
A form made of acrylic resin molded to conform to the tissues of the alveolar process and used to support the teeth of a prosthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrylic resin tooth
A tooth made of acrylic resin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

acrylonitrile
<chemical> A colourless liquid which will mix somewhat with water, mixes well with all common organic solvents, and is toxic, carcinogenic (cancer-causing), and a fire hazard. Freezing point: -83 øC. Boiling point: 77.5-77.9 øC. ... It is used as a monomer for acrylic fibres and acrylic rubber and other industrial purposes. ... (09 Oct 1997) …

acryloyl-CoA reductase
<enzyme> Clostridium kluyveri enzyme; contains fmn, ferredoxin, and flavodoxin; can act as electron donors ... Registry number: EC 1.3.99.- ... Synonym: acryloyo-coenzyme a reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

act
1. That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed. 'That best portion of a good man's life, His little, nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love.' (Wordsworth) Hence, in specific uses: ... The result of public deliberation; the decision or determination of a le …

ACTe
<abbreviation> Anodal closure tetanus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ACTH
Synonym for adrenocorticotrophic hormone ... <endocrinology> A peptide hormone that is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoid hormones, which help cells synthesise glucose, catabolize proteins, mobilizefree fatty acids and inhibit inflammation in allergic responses. ... (10 May 1997) …

ACTH stimulation test
A test for adrenal cortical function; ACTH administered by continuous intravenous infusion, or intramuscularly, evokes an increase in plasma cortisol in normal persons; in adrenal cortical insufficiency, the expected increase in plasma cortisol is limited or nonexistent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ACTH suppression test
<investigation> A test that measures the response of the adrenal glands to ACTH. ... In this case, dexamethasone is given to the patient and then blood cortisol levels are measured. Under normal conditions, cortisol levels should drop in response to dexamethasone. ... In this test one milligram of dexamethasone is administered in the morning an …

acth syndrome, ectopic
Symptom complex due to acth production by non-pituitary neoplasms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ACTH-producing adenoma
<tumour> A pituitary tumour composed of corticotrophs that produce ACTH, often a basophilic adenoma; may give rise to Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actihaemyl
<chemical> An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no proteins nor antigenic substances or blood group characteristics. Its exact composition is unknown. It has been proposed as a radiation-protective agent. ... Chemical name: Actihaemyl ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actin
<cell biology> A filamentous proteins (42 kD) involved in muscle contraction in both smooth and striated muscle and also serves as an important structural molecule for the cytoskeleton of many eukaryotic cells. ... It is the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibres. The filaments (known also as filamentous or f-actin) can be dis …

actin filament
One of the contractile elements in muscular fibres and other cells; in skeletal muscle, the actin filament's are about 5 nm wide and 100 um long, and attach to the transverse Z filament's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actin kinase
<enzyme> Phosphorylates actin at threonine-201 and probably at thr(202) and/or thr(203) ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: actin-fragmin kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

actin N-acetylaminopeptidase
<enzyme> Catalyses the amino-terminal processing of actin by removal of acetylmethionine from the amino terminus for class I actins or the removal of the second residue as an n-acetylamino acid for class II actins ... Registry number: EC 3.4.11.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

acting out
Expressing unconscious emotional conflicts or feelings, often of hostility or love, through overt behaviour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinic
Relating to the chemically active rays of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Origin: G. Aktis (aktin-), a ray ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinic cheilitis
Synonym for solar cheilitis ... Mucosal atrophy with drying, crusting, and fissuring of the vermillion border of the lower lip in older individuals, resulting from chronic exposure to sunlight; dysplastic (premalignant) changes are noted microscopically, analogous to solar keratosis. ... Synonym: actinic cheilitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinic conjunctivitis
Synonym for ultraviolet keratoconjunctivitis ... Acute keratoconjunctivitis resulting from exposure to intense ultraviolet irradiation. ... Synonym: actinic conjunctivitis, arc-flash conjunctivitis, flash keratoconjunctivitis, ophthalmia nivalis, snow conjunctivitis, welder's conjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinic dermatitis
Synonym for photodermatitis ... Dermatitis caused or elicited by exposure to sunlight; may be phototoxic or photoallergic, and can result from topical application, ingestion, inhalation, or injection of mediating phototoxic or photoallergic material. ... See: photosensitization. ... Synonym: actinic dermatitis, actinodermatitis. ... Origin: photo-+ G. …

actinic granuloma
An annular eruption on sun-exposed skin which microscopically shows phagocytosis of dermal elastic fibres by giant cells and histiocytes. ... Synonym: Miescher's granuloma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinic keratitis
A reaction of the cornea to ultraviolet light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinic keratosis
<dermatology> A skin lesion that is abnormally sensitive to the effects of ultraviolet light (sunlight). Thought to be a precancerous skin lesion that is more common in the fair-skinned or elderly individual. ... Approximately 20% of these skin lesions will develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Prevention includes the use of sun screen agents …

actinic prurigo
Synonym for prurigo aestivalis ... A form recurring each summer, becoming very severe as long as the hot weather continues. ... Synonym: actinic prurigo, summer prurigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinic ray
A light ray toward and beyond the violet end of the spectrum that acts upon a photographic plate and produces other chemical effects. ... Synonym: chemical ray. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinic reticuloid
Chronic pruritic erythema beginning on sun-exposed areas in elderly males, with marked thickening and ridging of exposed skin simulating lymphoma; there is infiltration by atypical CD8-positive T lymphocytes. Occurs after several years. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinide
<chemistry> Any element in the periodic table which has an atomic number between 89 and 103. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

actinide elements
Synonym for actinides ... Those elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103, corresponding to the lanthanides in the Periodic Table. ... Synonym: actinide elements. ... Origin: actinium, first element of the series ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinides
Those elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103, corresponding to the lanthanides in the Periodic Table. ... Synonym: actinide elements. ... Origin: actinium, first element of the series ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinin
<chemical> A protein factor that regulates the length of r-actin. It is chemically similar, but immunochemically distinguishable from actin. ... Chemical name: Actinins, alpha- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actino-
Combining form meaning a ray, as of light; applied to any form of radiation or to any structure with radiating parts. ... See: radio-. ... Origin: G. Aktis, aktinos, a ray of light, a beam. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinobacillosis
A disease characterised by suppurative and granulomatous lesions in the respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, skin, kidneys, joints, and other tissues. Actinobacillus lignieresii infects cattle and sheep while a. Equuli infects horses and pigs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinobacillus
A genus of pasteurellaceae described as gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. most members are found both as pathogens and commensal organisms in the respiratory, alimentary, and genital tracts of animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Actinobacillus equuli
A species causing suppurative lesions, particularly in the kidneys and joints in foals and piglets, and endocarditis in pigs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinobacillus infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus actinobacillus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Actinobacillus lignieresii
A species producing infections of the upper alimentary tract and mouth in cattle and swine (actinobacillosis) and suppurative lesions in the skin and lungs of sheep; it is the type species of its genus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that has been isolated from pneumonic lesions and blood. It produces pneumonia with accompanying fibrinous pleuritis in swine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinobacteria group
A group of gram-positive, heterogeneous bacteria. This group encompasses a range of morphologically, physiologically, and chemically different organisms and includes bacteria that form cocci, short rods, irregular rods, and mycelia that fragment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinodermatitis
An obsolete term for adverse reaction of skin to radiation therapy (ultraviolet, X-ray, or radium); more commonly, radiodermatitis. ... Synonym: photodermatitis. ... Origin: actino-+ G. Derma, skin, + -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinogram
An obsolete synonym for radiograph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinohematin
A red respiratory pigment found in certain forms of Actinia (sea anemones). ... Origin: actino-+ G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinology
<study> The science which treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical rays. ... Origin: Gr, ray. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

Actinomadura
A genus of aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid-fast fungi where filaments fragment into spores. Actinomadura pelletieri is an agent of mycetoma. ... Origin: actino-+ Madura, India ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Actinomadura africana
A species found in a case of mycetoma of the foot in South Africa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Actinomadura madurae
A member of the Eumycetes (true fungi); one of the aetiologic agents of Madura foot and actiomycotic mycetoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinomorphic
<botany> Of flowers: symmetrical about more than one vertical plane. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

actinomycelial
Relating to the mycelium-like filaments of the Actinomycetales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinomyces
<microbiology> A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are nonmotile. Filaments that may be present in certain species are either straight or wavy and may have swollen or clubbed heads. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Actinomyces bovis
A species of bacteria causing actinomycosis in cattle; infection in humans is not established; it is the type species of its genus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Actinomyces israelii
A species of bacteria causing human actinomycosis and, occasionally, infections in cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Actinomyces naeslundii
A species whose natural habitat is the oral cavity; human infections have been reported, and it produces periodontal destruction in some species of animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Actinomyces odontolyticus
A species whose normal habitat is the human oral cavity; it has been isolated from deep dental caries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Actinomyces pyogenes
Synonym for corynebacterium pyogenes ... <bacteria> A species of corynebacterium isolated from abscesses of warm-blooded animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinomyces viscosus
<microbiology> A species of actinomyces found in the oral cavity of man and hamsters. It has been isolated from actinomycotic lesions in swine, cats, and dogs and has been identified as a causative agent of animal diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinomycetaceae
<microbiology> A family of bacteria including numerous parasitic and pathogenic forms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinomycetales
An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic bacteria that tend to form branching filaments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinomycetales infections
Infections with bacteria of the order actinomycetales. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinomycetes
<bacteria> Gram-positive bacteria that can form branching filaments. They may form true mycelia or produce conidiospores. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

actinomycin
A group of peptide antibiotic agents, isolated from several species of Streptomyces (originally Actinomyces), that are active against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and neoplasms. Actinomycins are chromopeptides, most containing the chromophore actinocin, and are derivatives of phenoxazine that differ in their amino acids and their sequence in the …

actinomycin C
Synonym for cactinomycin ... Produced by Streptomyces chrysomallus. A mixture of actinomycins C1 (dactinomycin), C2, and C3 used as an antineoplastic, immunosuppressive agent. ... See: actinomycin. ... Synonym: actinomycin C. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinomycin D
<drug, oncology> A relatively toxic antibiotic produced by the funguslike bacterium Streptomyces parvallum. ... It inhibits RNA transcription in eukaryotes and has antitumour properties, so it is often used in conjunction with other drugs in chemotherapy. ... (06 May 1997) ...

actinomycin F1
KS4;produced by actinomycin C-elaborating strains of Streptomyces chrysomallus; used as an antineoplastic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinomycin lactonase
<enzyme> Opens the lactone rings of actinomycin to form actinomycinic acid ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.39 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

actinomycoma
A swelling caused by an actinomycete. ... See: mycetoma. ... Origin: actino-+ G. Mykes, fungus, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinomycosis
<microbiology> A chronic local or systemic granulomatous infection caused by the fungus Actinomyces bovis or israeli. ... Symptoms include: weight loss, weakness, fever and pain at site of infection. Signs: multiple draining sinuses. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

actinomycosis, cervicofacial
A form of actinomycosis characterised by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

actinomycotic
Relating to actinomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

actinomycotic appendicitis
Chronic suppurative appendicitis due to infection by Actinomyces israelii, sometimes resulting in a faecal fistula following appendectomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...