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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

airway
1. Any part of the respiratory tract through which air passes during breathing. ... 2. In anaesthesia or resuscitation, a device for correcting obstruction to breathing, especially an oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airway, endotracheal airway, or tracheotomy tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airway obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

airway pattern
Chest radiographic appearance of thickened bronchial walls, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, or acinar consolidation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airway resistance
The opposition of the tracheobronchial tree to air flow: the mouth-to-alveoli pressure difference divided by the air flow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

airy
1. Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the airy parts of bodies. ... 2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air; aerial; as, an airy flight. 'The airy region.' ... 3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy; as, an airy situation. ... 4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not material; airlike. 'An airy spirit.' ... 5. Relat …

Airy disk
<microscopy> The image of a bright point object as focused by a lens system. With monochromatic light, it consists of a central point of maximum intensity surrounded by alternate circles of light and darkness caused by the reinforcement and interference of diffracted rays. The light areas are called maxima and the dark areas minima. The distr …

aisle
A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall. ... Improperly used also for the have; as in the phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle aisle. ... Also (perhaps from confusion with alley), a …

aitiology
Synonym for aetiology ... <study> A branch of knowledge concerned with the causes of particular phenomena, specifically a branch of medical science concerned with the causes and origins of diseases. ... The study of factors of causation or those associated with the causation of disease or abnormal body states. ... Origin: L. Aetiologia, Gr. Aiti …

Ajellomyces capsulatum
The ascomycetous (perfect, sexual, teleomorph) state of Histoplasma capsulatum. ... Synonym: Emmonsiella capsulata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ajellomyces dermatitidis
The perfect (teleomorph) state of the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis; the (+) and (-) mating types cause disease with equal frequency. This sexual state is placed in the family Gymnoascaceae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ajmaline
<chemical> An alkaloid found in the root of rauwolfia serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials. ... Pharmacological action: anti-arrhythmia agents. ... Chemical name: Ajmalan-17,21-diol, (17R,21alpha)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ajowan oil
A volatile oil distilled from the fruit of Carum copticum, one of the sources of thymol; a carminative, aromatic, and expectorant. ... Synonym: ptychotis oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Akabane disease
A disease of cattle, sheep and goats, caused by the Akabane virus and characterised by foetal or neonatal arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly, abortions, and foetal death; the causative virus is transmitted by mosquitoes in Japan and by the midge Culicoides brevitarsis in Australia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Akabane virus
A virus of the genus Bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, causing abortion in cattle and congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in bovine foetuses in Israel, Japan, and Australia; it is transmitted by mosquitoes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akamushi disease
Synonym for tsutsugamushi disease ... See Typhus, scrub. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

akanthion
Synonym for acanthion ... The tip of the anterior nasal spine. ... Synonym: akanthion. ... Origin: G. Akantha, thorn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akaryocyte
A cell without a nucleus (karyon), such as the erythrocyte. ... Synonym: acaryote, akaryote. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + karyon, kernel, + kytos, a hollow (cell) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akaryote
Synonym: akaryocyte. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + karyon, kernel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akathisia
1. <neurology> A condition of motor restlessness in which there is a feeling of muscular quivering, an urge to move about constantly and an inability to sit still, a common extrapyramidal side effect of neuroleptic drugs. ... 2. An inability to sit down because of intense anxiety at the thought of doing so. ... Origin: Gr. Kathisis = a sitting …

akathisia, drug-induced
Motor restlessness with sensations of quivering and an urge to move about constantly resulting from the use of certain drugs, such as neuroleptic drugs, which affect the extrapyramidal region of the brain. This differs from dyskinesia, drug-induced in that long-term antipsychotic drug exposure is significantly correlated with the increased prevalen …

akembe
Synonym for onyalai ... An acute disease affecting natives of Central Africa, characterised by bloody vesicles of the mouth and other mucous surfaces, haematuria, and melena; defective nutrition may be the cause. ... Synonym: akembe, kafindo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akeratosis
Deficiency or absence of the horny layer of the epidermis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Akerlund deformity
Indentation (incisura) with niche of duodenal cap as demonstrated radiographically. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akin
1. Of the same kin; related by blood; used of persons; as, the two families are near akin. ... 2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind. 'A joy akin to rapture.' 'The literary character of the work is akin to its moral character.' (Jeffrey) ... This adjective is used only after the noun. ... Origin: Pref. A- (for of) + k …

akinesia
1. <neurology> Absence or poverty of movements. ... 2. <pharmacology> The temporary paralysis of a muscle by the injection of procaine. ... Origin: Gr. Kinesis = motion ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

akinesia algera
A condition marked by severe generalised pain produced by any movement; often of psychogenic origin. ... Origin: G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akinesia amnestica
The loss of muscular power from disuse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akinesis
Synonym for akinesia ... 1. <neurology> Absence or poverty of movements. ... 2. <pharmacology> The temporary paralysis of a muscle by the injection of procaine. ... Origin: Gr. Kinesis = motion ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

akinesthesia
Inability to perceive movement or position. Absence of the sense of perception of movement or of the muscular sense. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + kinesis, motion, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akinetic
Relating to or suffering from akinesia. ... Synonym: akinesic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akinetic mutism
Subacute or chronic state of altered consciousness, in which the patient appears alert intermittently, but is not responsive, although his/her descending motor pathways appear intact; due to lesions of various cerebral structures. ... Synonym: coma vigil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akinetic seizure
Synonym for atonic seizure ... Seizure characterised by sudden loss of muscle tone. ... Synonym: akinetic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akiyami
Synonym for hasamiyami ... A fever occurring in Japan in the autumn; resembles Weil's disease, but is milder and is caused by the autumnalis serovar of Leptospira interrogans. ... Synonym: akiyami, autumn fever, sakushu fever, seven-day fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aklanonic acid methyl ester cyclase
<enzyme> Catalyses the formation of aklaviketone from aklanonic acid methyl ester; involved in daunomycin biosynthesis; see also daunorubicin-doxorubicin polyketide synthase ... Registry number: EC 5.- ... Synonym: aame cyclase, daud protein, daud gene product, dnrd protein, dnrd gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aklanonic acid methyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the methyl esterification of aklanonic acid; involved in daunomycin biosynthesis; genbank l35154; see also daunorubicin-doxorubicin polyketide synthase ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... Synonym: dauc protein, dauc gene product, aamtase, dnrc protein, dnrc gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aklavinone 11-hydroxylase
<enzyme> A flavin-type bacterial hydroxylase from streptomyces peucetius; 489 amino acid residues, mw 52.3 kD; genbank u09844 ... Registry number: EC 1.14.14.- ... Synonym: dnrf protein, dnrf gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aklomide
2-Chloro-4-nitrobenzamide;a coccidiostat used in veterinary practice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AKNF
<abbreviation> Adair-Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer model. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

akr virus
A murine leukaemia virus isolated from spontaneous leukaemia in akr strain mice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

AKT1 protein kinase
<enzyme> Human homolog of v-akt oncogene product ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: akt1 protein, human ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Akureyri disease
Synonym for epidemic neuromyasthenia ... An epidemic disease characterised by stiffness of the neck and back, headache, diarrhoea, fever, and localised muscular weakness; restricted almost exclusively to adults, affecting women more than men; probably viral in origin. ... Synonym: Akureyri disease, benign myalgic encephalomyelitis, epidemic myalgic e …

Al
Symbol for aluminum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala auris
Synonym for auricle ... <botany> An ear-shaped appendage at the base of a leaf, leaflet or corolla lobe. Adj. Auriculate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ala central lobule
The lateral winglike projection of the central lobule of the cerebellum. ... Synonym: ala lobuli centralis, ala cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala cerebelli
Synonym for ala central lobule ... The lateral winglike projection of the central lobule of the cerebellum. ... Synonym: ala lobuli centralis, ala cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala cinerea
Synonym for vagal trigone ... A prominence in the floor of the inferior fovea of the fourth ventricle that overlies the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. ... Synonym: trigonum nervi vagi, ala cinerea, ashen wing, gray wing, trigone of vagus nerve, va'gi eminentia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala cristae galli
Synonym for wing of crista galli ... A small lateral expansion of the ethmoid bone from the front of the crista galli on each side that articulates with the frontal bone and forms the foramen caecum. ... Synonym: ala cristae galli, alar process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala lobuli centralis
Synonym for ala central lobule ... The lateral winglike projection of the central lobule of the cerebellum. ... Synonym: ala lobuli centralis, ala cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala major ossis sphenoidalis
Synonym for greater wing of sphenoid bone ... Strong squamous processes extending in a broad superolateral curve from the body of the sphenoid bone. The greater wing presents these suraces (facies): 1) cerebral surface: forms anterior third of the floor of the lateral portions of the middle cranial fossa; 2) temporal surface: forms the deepest porti …

ala minor ossis sphenoidalis
Synonym for lesser wing of sphenoid bone ... One of a bilateral pair of triangular, pointed plates extending laterally from the anterolateral body of the sphenoid bone. Forming the posteriormost portion of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, their sharp posterior edge forms the sphenoidal ridge separating anterior and middle cranial fossae. The …

ala nasi
Synonym for wing of nose ... The outer more or less flaring wall of each nostril. ... Synonym: ala nasi, pinna nasi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala orbitalis
Synonym for lesser wing of sphenoid bone ... One of a bilateral pair of triangular, pointed plates extending laterally from the anterolateral body of the sphenoid bone. Forming the posteriormost portion of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, their sharp posterior edge forms the sphenoidal ridge separating anterior and middle cranial fossae. The …

ala ossis ilii
Synonym for wing of ilium ... The upper flaring portion of the ilium. ... Synonym: ala ossis ilii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala sacralis
Synonym for wing of sacrum ... The upper surface of the lateral part of the sacrum adjacent to the body. ... Synonym: ala sacralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala temporalis
Synonym for greater wing of sphenoid bone ... Strong squamous processes extending in a broad superolateral curve from the body of the sphenoid bone. The greater wing presents these suraces (facies): 1) cerebral surface: forms anterior third of the floor of the lateral portions of the middle cranial fossa; 2) temporal surface: forms the deepest porti …

ala vespertilionis
An obsolete term for broad ligament of the uterus. ... Origin: L. Bat's wing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ala vomeris
Synonym for wing of vomer ... An everted lip on either side of the upper border of the vomer, between which fits the rostrum of the sphenoid bone. ... Synonym: ala vomeris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alabaster
1. <chemical> A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel ornaments, etc. A hard, compact variety of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades of colour; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by …

alactic oxygen debt
That part of the oxygen debt that is not lactacid oxygen debt; during recovery, stores of ATP and creatine phosphate must be replenished by oxidative metabolism, and a small amount of oxygen is also needed to restore the normal oxyhemoglobin levels throughout the circulating blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alae lingulae cerebelli
Synonym for vincula lingulae cerebelli ... Small lateral prolongations of the lingula of the vermis of the cerebellum resting on the dorsal surface of the superior cerebellar peduncle. ... Synonym: alae lingulae cerebelli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alagille syndrome
<syndrome> Hypoplasia of the hepatic ducts, congenital pulmonary artery stenosis, facial abnormalities, and other congenital malformations, particularly skeletal. It is often presented as jaundice during the neonatal period. It is an autosomal recessive disease generally manifesting during childhood. 'arteriohepatic' refers to the pulmonary a …

Alajouanine, Theophile
<person> French neurologist, 1890-1980. ... See: Foix-Alajouanine myelitis, Foix-Alajouanine syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alalia
<otolaryngology> Loss of the power of speech due to an impairment of the articulatory apparatus (voice box). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alalic
Relating to alalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alamethicin
A polyene pore forming ionophore that forms relatively non-specific anion or cation transporting pores in plasma membranes or artificial lipid membranes. These pores may be potential gradient sensitive. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alamethicin synthetase
<enzyme> ATP-dependent, similar to gramicidin s synthesis ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alanine
<amino acid> Alanine is a nonessential amino acid that can be manufactured by the body from other sources as needed. Alanine is one of the simplest of the amino acids and is involved in the energy-producing breakdown of glucose. In conditions of sudden anaerobic energy need, when muscle proteins are broken down for energy, alanine acts as a c …

alanine aminotransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that is found primarily in the liver. It is released into the bloodstream as the result of liver damage. Also called the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

alanine carboxypeptidase
<enzyme> Not for d-ala linkage in peptidoglycan see EC 3.4.17.8 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.17.6 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alanine endopeptidase
<enzyme> From enterocyte brush border; cleaves between alanyl and alanyl-, leucyl-, or norleucyl- residues of synthetic peptides similar to metallic endopeptidases ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alanine racemase
<enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that reversibly catalyses the conversion of l-alanine to d-alanine. ... Chemical name: Alanine racemase ... Registry number: EC 5.1.1.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alanine transaminase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of l-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and l-glutamate. ... Chemical name: L-Alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase
<enzyme> Do not confuse with serine-pyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.51), even though they may be products of the same gene; index whichever is discussed or both ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.44 ... Synonym: pyruvate (glyoxylate) aminotransferase, kynurenine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 1,dimethylarginine …

alanine-tRNA ligase
<enzyme> An enzyme that activates alanine with its specific transfer RNA. ... Chemical name: L-Alanine:tRNA(Ala) ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.7 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

alanopine dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Catalyses reductive elimination between pyruvate and alanine, or glycine, utilizing NADH as coenzyme, producing 2,2'-iminodipropionic acid (alanopine) ... Registry number: EC 1.5.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alanosine
An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces alanosinicus; possesses antineoplastic and antiviral activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alanson, Edward
<person> British surgeon, 1747-1823. ... See: Alanson's amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Alanson's amputation
A circular amputation, the stump shaped like a cone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alant starch
Synonym for inulin ... <protein> A polysaccharide of variable molecular weight (around 5 kD), that is a polymer of fructofuranose. Widely used as a marker of extracellular space, an indicator of blood volume in insects (by measuring the dilution of the radio label) and in food for diabetics. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

alantol
A yellowish liquid obtained by distillation from the root of Inula helenium or elecampane; used internally as an irritating tonic and externally as a mild rubefacient. ... Synonym: inulol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alanyl
The acyl radical of alanine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alanyl-seryl ligase
<enzyme> Catalyses incorporation of terminal ala-ser to peptidoglycan; associated with vancomycin resistance; isolated from enterococcus casseliflavus ... Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- ... Synonym: alanylseryl ligase, d-alanyl-d-seryl ligase, d-alanylseryl ligase, ala-ser ligase, vanc ligase, vanc2 protein ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

alar artery of nose
A branch of the angular artery that supplies the ala of the nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alar chest
Synonym for flat chest ... A chest in which the anteroposterior diameter is shorter than the average. ... Synonym: alar chest, pterygoid chest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alar folds
Winglike lateral fringes or expansions of the plica synovialis infrapatellaris. ... Synonym: ligamenta alaria, plicae alares, alar ligaments, odontoid ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alar lamina of neural tube
The dorsal division of the lateral walls of the neural tube in the embryo; it gives rise to neurons relaying afferent impulses to higher centres; in the adult such neurons compose the sensory nuclei of the spinal cord and brainstem. ... Synonym: lamina alaris, alar plate of neural tube, dorsolateral plate of neural tube, lamina dorsalis, wing plate. …

alar ligaments
One of a pair of short stout bands that extends from the side of the dens of the axis to the tubercle on the medial aspect of the occipital condyle. ... Synonym: check ligaments of odontoid. ... Synonym: alar folds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alar part of nasalis muscle
<anatomy> See: nasalis muscle. ... Synonym: pars alaris musculi nasalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alar plate of neural tube
Synonym for alar lamina of neural tube ... The dorsal division of the lateral walls of the neural tube in the embryo; it gives rise to neurons relaying afferent impulses to higher centres; in the adult such neurons compose the sensory nuclei of the spinal cord and brainstem. ... Synonym: lamina alaris, alar plate of neural tube, dorsolateral plate of …

alar process
Synonym for wing of crista galli ... A small lateral expansion of the ethmoid bone from the front of the crista galli on each side that articulates with the frontal bone and forms the foramen caecum. ... Synonym: ala cristae galli, alar process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alar spine
Synonym for sphenoidal spine ... A posterior and downward projection from the greater wing of the sphenoid bone on either side, located posterolateral to the foramen spinosum, so-named for its proximity to the sphenoidal spine; gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament. ... Synonym: processus spinosus, spina ossis sphenoidalis, alar spine, an …

ALARA
Acronym for a philosophy of use of radiation based on using dosages as low as reasonably achievable to attain the desired diagnostic, therapeutic, or other goal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alarm
1. A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy. 'Arming to answer in a night alarm.' (Shak) ... 2. Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger. 'Sound an alarm in my holy mountain.' (Joel II. 1) ... 3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil. 'These home alarms.' ' …

alarm reaction
The various phenomena, e.g., stimulated endocrine activity, which the body exhibits as an adaptive response to injury or stress; first phase of the general adaptation syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alarmone
<molecular biology> An unusual small dinucleotides signal molecule produced by bacteria under stress that induces an alteration of metabolism. Many metabolic responses may be altered by a single alarmone. The moleculaes contain multiple phosphate groups between the two nucleotides. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...

alaryngeal speech
A form of speech achieved after laryngectomy by using either an external vibratory source or the pharyngoesophageal segment as an internal vibratory source. Tracheoesophageal speech may be produced after laryngectomy by surgically diverting exhaled air to the pharynx by a permanently constructed tracheoesophageal fistula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alastrim
A mild form of smallpox caused by a less virulent strain of the virus. ... Synonym: Cuban itch, Kaffir pox, milkpox, pseudosmallpox, pseudovariola, variola minor, West Indian smallpox, whitepox. ... Origin: Pg. Alastrar, to scatter over ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

alb
A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the person; in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by clerics, in daily life. ... <prefix> Alb-. Latin root form for the colour white. ... Origin: OE. Albe, LL. Alba, fr. L. Albus white. Cf. Album and Aube. …

alba
Synonym: white matter. ... Origin: fem. Of L. Albus, white ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Albarran y Dominguez, Joaquin
<person> Cuban urologist, 1860-1912. ... See: Albarran's glands, Albarran's test, Albarran y Dominguez' tubules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...