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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

agraphia
<neurology> Loss of ability to write (a form of aphasia). Symptom common to tumours of the parietal lobe of the dominant cerebral hemisphere. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

agrarian
1. One in favor of an equal division of landed property. ... 2. An agrarian law. 'An equal agrarian is perpetual law.' (Harrington) ... 1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; especially, relating to am equal or equitable division of lands; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among citizen …

agreeable
1. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as, agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable person; fruit agreeable to the taste. 'A train of agreeable reveries.' (Goldsmith) ... 2. Willing; ready to agree or consent. 'These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of money, so that he will be but content and agre …

agreement, arbitration
See: Arbitration agreement. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

agretope
That part of a processed antigen that binds to the major histocompatibility complex molecule; the agretope was derived from antigen restriction element. ... Origin: antigen + restriction + -tope ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agricultural
Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in, tillage; as, the agricultural class; agricultural implements, wages, etc. ... <zoology> Agricul'turally, Agricultural ant, a species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found in Texas clears circular areas and carefu …

agricultural workers' diseases
Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as …

agriculture
The science of raising plants and/or animals for food, clothing or other useful products. ... (06 May 1997) ...

agrimony
<botany> A genus of plants of the Rose family. ... The name is also given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony (Bidens). ... The Agrimonia eupatoria, or common agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used. ... Origin: OE. Agr …

agrin
<protein> Protein isolated from the synapse rich electric organ of Torpedo californica that induces the formation of synaptic specialisations on myotubes in culture. ... Present in muscle cells before innervation and concentrated at the neuromuscular junction once AChR clustering occurs. The release of agrin from motor axon terminals is though …

agriology
<study> Description or comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized tribes. ... Origin: Gr. Wild, savage. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

agriothymia
An obsolete term for a wild, ferocious mania. ... Origin: G. Agriothymos, wild of temper, fr. Agrios, wild, + thymos, spirit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agrobacterium
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. With the exception of agrobacterium radiobacter, members of this genus invade the crown, roots, and stems of plants, via wounds, causing the transformation of the plant cells into proliferating tumour cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

agrobacterium tumefaciens
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and the stems and roots of plants. It causes oncogenic transformations (tumour formation) in a wide variety of higher plants after wounding. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Agrobacterium tumifaciens
<bacteria, microbiology, oncology> Agrobacterium tumifaciens is a gram-negative bacterim found in soil which causes crown gall disease in plants (which causes tumours to form at the crown and at the junction of the root and stem). ... The tumours are caused by the Ti plasmid in the bacterium, which is transferred from the bacteria to the plant …

agrochemical
<chemistry> Term for any artificially-produced chemical (such as a feed additives, pharmaceutical, fertiliser, pesticide, fumigant, fertiliser, plant hormones, steroids, antibiotics, mycotoxins) used in agriculture to improve crop or livestock production. ... (04 Jul 1999) ...

agroforestry
<ecology> The collective word for all land-use systems and practices in which trees and shrubs are deliberately grown on the same land management unit as crops and/or animals. ... This can be either in some form of spatial arrangement or in a time sequence. To qualify as agroforestry, a given land-use system or practice must permit significant …

agroinfection
<molecular biology, virology> A method of using the t-DNA of virus. ... (06 May 1997) ...

agromania
<psychiatry> An obsolete term for a morbid impulse to live in the open country or in solitude. ... Origin: G. Agros, field, + mania, frenzy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agronomy
The scientific study of soil management and crop production. ... (06 May 1997) ...

agropine synthase
<enzyme> Final enzyme in the three enzyme pathway for agropine synthesis; cyclises deoxymannityl-glutamine to the lactone, agropine ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... Synonym: ags gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

agrostology
<study> That part of botany which treats of the grasses. ... Origin: Gr. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

agrypnia
Rarely used term for insomnia. ... Origin: G. Sleeplessness, fr. Agreo, to hunt after, + hypnos, sleep ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agrypnocoma
A wakeful, apathetic, or lethargic state. ... Origin: G. Agrypnos, sleepless, + koma, coma ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ague
1. An acute fever. 'Brenning agues.' ... 2. <medicine> An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits. ... 3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever; as, fever and ague. ... 4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with cold. Ague cake, an enlargement of the spleen produced by ague. Ague drop, a solution of the arsenite of po …

agyiophobia
<psychology> A form of agoraphobia characterised by a morbid fear of being in the street. ... Origin: G. Agyia, street, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agyria
Congenital lack or underdevelopment of the convolutional pattern of the cerebral cortex, owing to a defect of development. ... Synonym: lissencephalia, lissencephaly. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + gyros, circle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ahaustral
Lacking haustra, smooth; describing the appearance of the colon on radiographs of a barium enema in ulcerative colitis. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + haustra ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AHF
<abbreviation> Antihemophilic factor A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AHG
<abbreviation> Antihemophilic globulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome
<syndrome> Unphysiological lactation and amenorrhoea not following pregnancy characterised by hyperprolactinaemia and a pituitary adenoma. ... Synonym: Argonz-Del Castillo syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ahumada, J C
<person> Argentinian physician. ... See: Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ahylognosia
Inability to recognise differences of density, weight, and roughness. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + hyle, matter, + gnosis, recognition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aI1 endonuclease
<enzyme> Encoded by intron ai1 from saccharomyces cerevisiae ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

AIC
Synonym for Alfven ion cyclotron instability ... <radiobiology> An electromagnetic microinstability near the ion cyclotron frequency, driven by the ion loss cone in a mirror device. ... Acronym: AIC ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

Aicardi, J Dennis
<person> 20th century French neurologist. ... See: Aicardi's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aicardi's syndrome
<syndrome> Agenesis of the corpus collosum with infantile spasms in female babies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aichmophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of being touched by the finger or any slender pointed object. ... Origin: G. Aichme, a point, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aidoio-
The genitals; corresponds to L. Pudend-. ... Origin: G. Aidoia, shameful things, the genitals ... [Archaic Term] ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

AIDS
Synonym for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ... <immunology, syndrome> An epidemic disease caused by an infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-2), a retrovirus that causes immune system failure and debilitation and is often accompanied by infections such as tuberculosis. AIDS is spread through direct contact with bodily fluid …

AIDS dementia
Synonym for AIDS dementia complex ... <immunology> A frequent cerebral condition in people with AIDS that results in the loss of cognitive capacity, affecting the ability to function in a social or occupational setting. ... Its cause has not been determined exactly, but may result from HIV infection of cells in the brain or an inflammatory reac …

AIDS dementia complex
<immunology> A frequent cerebral condition in people with AIDS that results in the loss of cognitive capacity, affecting the ability to function in a social or occupational setting. ... Its cause has not been determined exactly, but may result from HIV infection of cells in the brain or an inflammatory reaction to such infection. ... (09 Oct 19 …

aids serodiagnosis
Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/lav) antibodies. They include assays for HIV seropositivity and HIV seronegativity (elisa, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, etc.) that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of aids or aids-related complex. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

AIDS test
<investigation> A test which is performed on a standard venipuncture blood specimen which detects the presence of antibodies to HIV (virus). This test may not be positive for 3 to 6 months after infection with HIV. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aids vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent aids. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aids-associated nephropathy
Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterised by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other fo …

AIDS-defining illness
<immunology> One of a list of serious illnesses that occurs in HIV-positive individuals and is reason for an AIDS diagnosis according to the CDC's definition of AIDS. ... Among these conditions are PCP, MAC, AIDS dementia complex, AIDS wasting syndrome, invasive cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma and CMV retinitis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aids-related complex
A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating aids-related complex (arc) from aids include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in aids; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in arc lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degene …

AIDS-related virus
An obsolete term for human immunodeficiency virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aigrette
1. <ornithology> The small white European heron. See Egret. ... 2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems, etc. ... 3. A tuft like that of the egret. ... 4. <botany> A feathery crown of seed; egret; as, the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the thistle. ... Origin: F, a sort of white heron, with a tuft of feathers …

ail
To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man? I know not what ails him. 'What aileth thee, Hagar?' (Gen. Xxi. 17) ... It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say, a fever ails him; but, som …

AILD
<abbreviation> Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ailurophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of or aversion to cats. ... Synonym: aelurophobia. ... Origin: G. Ailouros, cat, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ainhum
A disease affecting the toes, especially the fifth, and sometimes the fingers, seen chiefly in black adult males in africa, in which a linear constriction around the affected digit leads to spontaneous amputation of its distal part. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air
1. The fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the atmosphere. It is invisible, inodourous, insipid, transparent, compressible, elastic, and ponderable. ... By the ancient philosophers, air was regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount of carbon di …

air ambulances
Fixed-wing aircraft or helicopters equipped for air transport of patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air bags
Automotive safety devices consisting of a bag designed to inflate upon collision and prevent passengers from pitching forward. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air bladder
1. <anatomy> An air sac, sometimes double or variously lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or oesophagus. ... 2. A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or plant; also an air hole in a casting.< …

air bronchogram
Radiographic appearance of an air-filled bronchus surrounded by fluid-filled airspaces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air cells
Air-containing spaces in the skull. ... See: pulmonary alveolus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air cells of auditory tube
Synonym for tubal air cells ... Occasional small air cells in the inferior wall of the auditory tube, near the tympanic orifice, communicating with the tympanic cavity. ... Synonym: cellulae pneumaticae tubae auditivae, air cells of auditory tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air conditioning
The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air conduction
In relation to hearing, the transmission of sound to the inner ear through the external auditory canal and the structures of the middle ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air contrast barium enema
Synonym for air contrast enema ... A double contrast enema in which air is introduced after coating of the colon with a dense barium suspension for radiographic study. ... Synonym: air contrast barium enema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air contrast enema
A double contrast enema in which air is introduced after coating of the colon with a dense barium suspension for radiographic study. ... Synonym: air contrast barium enema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air dose
Synonym for exposure dose ... The radiation dose, expressed in roentgens, delivered at a point in free air. ... Synonym: air dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air drill
<equipment> A drill driven by the elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill. ... (06 Aug 1998) ...

air embolism
<physiology> A serious condition that results when air (in the form of bubbles) invades the blood vessels causing disruption of normal blood flow. ... (06 Aug 1998) ...

air hunger
Extremely deep ventilation such as occurs in patients with acidosis attempting to increase ventilation of alveoli and exhale more carbon dioxide. ... See: Kussmaul respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air lift fermenter
<apparatus> A fermenter in which circulation of the culture medium and aeration is achieved by injection of air into some lower part of the fermenter. Usually not suitable for animal cell production. Related to gas lift systems where an inert gas is used to achieve circulation in anaerobic conditions. ... This type of of fermenter is well suit …

air microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air pollutants
Substances which pollute the air. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air pollutants, environmental
Air pollutants which affect environmental conditions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air pollutants, occupational
Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air pollutants, radioactive
Pollutants, present in air, which exhibit radioactivity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air pollution, indoor
The contamination of indoor air. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air pressure
The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

air quality maintenance area
Specific populated area where air quality is a problem for one or more pollutants (Portland-Vancouver, Salem, Eugene-Springfield, Medford-Ashland). ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

air splint
A plastic splint inflated by air used to immobilise part or all of an extremity. ... Synonym: inflatable splint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air syringe
Synonym for chip syringe ... A tapered metal tube through which air is forced from a rubber bulb or pressure tank to blow debris from, or to dry, a cavity in preparing teeth for restoration. ... Synonym: air syringe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air thermometer
See: gas thermometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air tube
The trachea, or a bronchus or any of its branches conveying air to the lungs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air vesicles
Synonym for pulmonary alveolus ... One of the thin-walled saclike terminal dilations of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs across which gas exchange occurs between alveolar air and the pulmonary capillaries. ... Synonym: alveoli pulmonis, alveolus, air cells, air vesicles, bronchic cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air-bone gap
The difference between the threshold for hearing acuity by bone conduction and by air conduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air-conditioner lung
An extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by forced air contaminated by thermophilic actinomycetes and other organisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air-gap radiography
Chest radiography with a space (at least 10 inches) between the subject and film. Instead of using a grid, this method uses the geometry and X-ray absorption by the air to remove scattered radiation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air-gap technique
Chest radiography performed using a space between the subject and film instead of a grid to absorb scattered radiation; usually requires a target-film distance of 10 feet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

air-lock
<microscopy> An intermediate, enclosed chamber of a vacuum or pressure system through which an object may be passed without effectively changing the vacuum or pressure of the main body of the system. Reference here is to the vacuum of all electron microscopes. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

airborne infection
A mechanism of transmission of an infectious agent by particles, dust, or droplet nuclei suspended in the air. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airborne radioactivity
<radiobiology> Radioactivity in any chemical or physical form that is dissolved, mixed, suspended or otherwise entrained in air. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

airbrasive technique
A method of grinding, cutting tooth structure, or roughening the natural tooth surface or the surface of a restoration, by means of a device utilizing a gas-impelled jet of fine Al203 particles which, after striking the tooth, are removed by an aspirator. ... See: microetching technique. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aircraft
A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Aird, Robert
<person> U.S. Neurologist, *1903. ... See: Flynn-Aird syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airless lung
<radiology> Tumour, foreign body, mucous plug ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

airplane splint
A complicated splint that holds the arm in abduction at about shoulder level with the forearm midway in flexion, generally with an axillary strut for support. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airsacculitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the air sacs of birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airsickness
A condition resembling seasickness or other forms of motion sickness occurring in airplane or space flight as a result of erratic and continuous stimuli of the inner ear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airspace
Pertaining to the portion of the lung distal to the conducting airways or bronchi; alveolar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airspace-filling pattern
Synonym for alveolar pattern ... Cloudy to dense opacities, obscuring vascular markings, on chest radiographs. ... Synonym: airspace-filling pattern. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

airtrapping
Slow or incomplete emptying of air from all or part of a lung on expiration; implies obstruction of regional airways or emphysema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...