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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase
<enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of the dialdehydic form of aflatoxin b1-dihydrodiol to the dialcohol form ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: aflatoxin b1-aldehyde reductase, afb1-ar ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aflatoxin B1 hydroxylase
<enzyme> Hydroxylases may be replaced by mixed function oxidases as appropriate ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... Synonym: aflatoxin b1 4-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aflatoxin B1 reductase
<enzyme> Reduces the cyclopentenone ring of aflatoxin b1 to aflatoxicol; requires NADPH as cofactor ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aflatoxin G2a reductase
<enzyme> Has broad substrate specificity in cell-free extracts from aspergillus parasiticus; versicolorin a hemiacetal is reduced to versicolorin c; 17-hydroxy-16,17-dihydrosterigmatocystin is reduced to a 14,17-hydrated derivative; aflatoxin g2a is converted to a 13,16-hydrated derivative of afg2 ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 199 …

aflatoxin m1
<chemical> Highly toxic 4-hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin b1 found in the milk of cows fed toxic meal. ... It has mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic activity. It is formed by the enzymatic hydroxylation of aflatoxin b1 by aflatoxin b1 4-hydroxylase, a cytochrome p-450-dependent enzyme. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens, mutagen …

AFO
Synonym for ankle-foot orthosis ... A brace (usually plastic) worn on the lower leg and foot to support the ankle, hold the foot and ankle in the correct position, and correct foot drop. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

AFORMED phenomenon
As induced pulsus alternans progresses, a state in which alternating heart depolarisations fail to eject any blood, thus allowing longer diastolic filling; the subsequent beat is then able to produce a significant ejection; at high rates the cardiac minute volume and blood pressure may appear normal. ... Origin: Alternating, failure of response, mec …

AFP
Synonym for alpha-fetoprotein ... <protein, tumour marker> A protein substance that is normally produced by the liver cells. ... It is one of the first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during development of the embryo and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life. They reappear in the adult serum during certain pathologic s …

africa south of the sahara
All of africa except northern africa (africa, northern). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

africa, eastern
The geographical area of africa comprising burundi, djibouti, ethiopia, kenya, rwanda, somalia, sudan, tanzania, and uganda. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

africa, northern
The geographical area of africa comprising algeria, egypt, libya, morocco, and tunisia. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the sahara. It is often referred to as north africa, french-speaking africa, or the magreb. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

africa, southern
The geographical area of africa comprising angola, botswana, lesotho, malawi, mozambique, namibia, south africa, swaziland, zambia, and zimbabwe. It includes what was formerly called south-west africa or german southwest africa but it was terminated in 1966 by a united nations resolution. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

africa, western
The geographical area of africa comprising benin, burkina faso, cote d'ivoire, gambia, ghana, guinea, guinea-bissau, liberia, mali, mauritania, niger, nigeria, senegal, sierra leone, and togo. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

african
Of or pertaining to Africa. African hemp, a fibre prerared from the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and India. African marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta). African oak or African teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in ship building. ... Origin: L. Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer African.
African endomyocardial fibrosis
Fibrosis of the inner layers of the myocardium, often including the endocardium, causing diastolic restriction of the heart; indigenous to East Africa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

African furuncular myiasis
Synonym for cordylobiasis ... Infection of man and animals with larvae of flies of the genus Cordylobia. ... Synonym: African furuncular myiasis, tumbu dermal myiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

african green monkey kidney cell
<cell culture> Cells taken from the kidneys of the African green monkey Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus and used to grow certain viruses like poliovirus. ... (05 Feb 1998) ...

African haemorrhagic fever
Haemorrhagic fever associated with the morphologically similar but antigenically distinct Marburg and Ebola viruses. ... See: viral haemorrhagic fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

african horse sickness
An insect-borne reovirus infection of horses, mules and donkeys in africa and the middle east; characterised by pulmonary oedema, cardiac involvement, and oedema of the head and neck. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

african horse sickness virus
A species of orbivirus that causes disease in horses, mules, and donkeys. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

african sleeping sickness
<infectious disease> A disease affecting humans and other mammals in central Africa that is caused by the parasitic protozoans Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and is transmitted by the tsetse fly. ... Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, vomiting, pain in the extremities, lymph gland enlargement, anaemia, d …

african swine fever
A usually fatal iridovirus infection of pigs, characterised by fever, cough, diarrhoea, haemorrhagic lymph nodes, and oedema of the gallbladder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

african swine fever virus
The lone species of the genus african swine fever-like viruses. The virus causes a fatal disease among domestic pigs in africa and a less virulent infection in europe. The virus is present in soft ticks (ornithodoros moubata), warthogs, or domestic pigs. Originally listed as a species of iridoviridae, the virus exhibits some similarities to poxviri …

african swine fever-like viruses
An unnamed, unclassified genus of DNA viruses with a single species: african swine fever virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

african tapeworm
The beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata), the most common of the big tapeworms that parasitises people, contracted from infected raw or rare beef. Can grow to be 12-25 feet (3.6-7.5 m) long in the human intestine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

African tick fever
Synonym for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever ... A form of haemorrhagic fever distinct from Omsk haemorrhagic fever, occurring in central Russia, transmitted by species of the tick Hyalomma, and caused by Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae family; horses are the chief reservoir of human infection; characterised by a …

african tick typhus
One of the tick-borne rickettsial diseases of the eastern hemisphere, similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but less severe, with fever, a small ulcer (tache noire) at the site of the tick bite, swollen glands nearby (satellite lymphadenopathy), and a red raised (maculopapular) rash. Also called fièvre boutonneuse. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

African trypanosomiasis
A serious endemic disease in tropical Africa, of two types: Gambian or West African trypanosomiasis and Rhodesian or East African trypanosomiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

after-nystagmus
Nystagmus occurring after the abrupt cessation of rotation in the opposite direction of the rotatory nystagmus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftercare
The care and treatment of a convalescent patient, especially that of a patient after surgery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aftercataract
Synonym for secondary cataract ... A cataract that accompanies or follows some other eye disease such as uveitis. ... Synonym: complicated cataract. ... A cataract occurring in the retained lens or capsule after a cataract extraction. ... Synonym: aftercataract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

afterchroming
Additional treatment of a tissue specimen with chromate or a metal mordant to impart special staining properties. ... Synonym: postchroming. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftercontraction
A muscular contraction persisting a noticeable time after the stimulus has ceased. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftercooling
<radiobiology> Cooling of a reactor after it has been shut down. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aftercurrent
An electrical current induced in a muscle upon the termination of a constant current that has been passed through it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

afterdischarge
Persistance of response of muscle or neural elements after cessation of stimulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftereffect
A physical, physiologic, psychologic, or emotional effect that continues after removal of the stimulus. ... See: flashback. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftergilding
The treatment of a fixed and hardened histologic specimen of nervous tissue with gold salts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

afterglow
<radiobiology> Recombination radiation emitted from a cooling plasma when the source of ionisation (heating, etc) is removed. ... See: recombination radiation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

afterimage
Continuation of visual impression after cessation of stimuli causing the original image. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

afterimpression
Synonym for aftersensation ... Subjective persistance of sensation after cessation of stimulus. ... Synonym: afterimpression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

afterload
<physiology> The tension produced by the heart muscle after contraction. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

afterloading screw
A device for setting the length at which a contracting muscle encounters an afterload. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftermovement
Involuntary arm abduction that follows sustained isometric contraction of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles (usually performed by pushing the upper extremity forcibly and against an immovable vertical surface while standing closely beside it). ... Synonym: Kohnstamm's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

afterperception
Subjective persistance of a stimulus after its cessation. ... Compare: palinopsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

afterpotential
The small change in electrical potential in a stimulated nerve that follows the main, or spike, potential; it consists of an initial negative deflection followed by a positive deflection in the oscillograph record. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftersensation
Subjective persistance of sensation after cessation of stimulus. ... Synonym: afterimpression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftersound
Subjective persistance of an auditory stimulus after cessation of the stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftertaste
Subjective persistance of a gustatory stimulus after contact with the stimulating substance has ceased. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftertouch
Persistence of tactile sensation after cessation of the stimulus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aftosa
Synonym: foot-and-mouth disease. ... Origin: Sp. Fiebre aftosa, aphthous fever ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

afunctional occlusion
A malocclusion which does not permit normal function of the dentition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ag
1. Symbol for silver (argentum). ... 2. <abbreviation> Antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ag-AS stain
Synonym for silver-ammoniacal silver stain ... <technique> A stain for the acid protein component of nucleolar regions which are active or which were transcriptionally active in the preceding interphase; uses silver nitrate, ammoniacal silver, and formalin. ... Synonym: Ag-AS stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agalactia
<endocrinology> The absence or failure of the secretion of milk, also called agalactosis. ... Origin: Gr. Gala = milk ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

agalactorrhoea
Absence of the secretion or flow of breast milk. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + gala, milk, + rhoia, a flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agalactosis
Synonym for agalactia ... <endocrinology> The absence or failure of the secretion of milk, also called agalactosis. ... Origin: Gr. Gala = milk ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

agalactous
Relating to agalactia, or to the diminution or absence of breast milk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agameon
<biology> An organism that reproduces asexually only, without producing gametes (sperm or eggs). ... (05 Feb 1998) ...

agamete
A protozoan organism produced by asexual multiple fission. ... See: schizogony. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + gametes, husband ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agammaglobulinaemia
<immunology> A rare disease where the body is unable to produce immune antibodies due to the lack of gamma globulin, a type of immunoglobulin, in the blood. The disease can be acquired or inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic disease. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

agammaglobulinemia
Synonym for agammaglobulinaemia ... <immunology> A rare disease where the body is unable to produce immune antibodies due to the lack of gamma globulin, a type of immunoglobulin, in the blood. The disease can be acquired or inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic disease. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

agamocytogeny
Synonym: schizogony. ... Origin: G. Agamos, unmarried, + kytos, cell, + genesis, becoming ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Agamofilaria
A name given to immature filarial forms, the genera of the adult forms being undetermined. ... Origin: G. Agamos, unmarried, + L. Filum, thread ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agamogony
Synonym: asexual reproduction. ... Origin: G. Agamos, unmarried, + gonos, offspring ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Agamomermis culicis
A species of nematode parasitic in the mosquito; a few cases have been recorded in humans, usually larval worms found emerging from body openings, presumably after ingestion of infected insects or application of moist earth bearing free-living larval stages. ... Origin: G. Agamos, unmarried, + Mod. L., fr. G. Mermis, cord; L. Culex, gnat ... (05 Mar …

agamont
Synonym: schizont. ... Origin: G. Agamos, unmarried, + on (ont-), being ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aganglionosis
The state of being without ganglia; e.g., absence of ganglion cells from the myenteric plexus as a characteristic of congenital megacolon. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + ganglion + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agapism
The doctrine that exalts nonsexual (brotherly) love. ... Origin: G. Agape, brotherly love ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agar
<cell culture, chemical, microbiology> This gelatinous material, an extract from red algae (mainly Gelidium and Gracilaria species), is most frequently used as a culture medium, especially for bacteria. It is also used as a thickener in foods, but humans cannot digest it. ... (06 May 1997) ...

agar-gel reaction
<immunology> The reaction between an antibody and an antigen during an immunology lab procedure where the two are allowed to diffuse toward each other through an agar-gel medium. ... Lines of precipitation form in the places on the gel where the two react with each other and shows where the reaction has occurred. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

agarase
<enzyme> Gelase is used for digesting agarose gels for pcr ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.81 ... Synonym: beta-agarase I, beta-agarase II, gelase, alpha-agarase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

agaric
1. <botany> A fungus of the genus Ag, of many species, of which the common mushroom is an example. ... 2. An old name for severwal species of Polyporus, corky fungi growing on decaying wood. ... The 'female agaric' (Polyporus officinalic) was renowned as a cathartic; the 'male agaric' (Polyporus igniarius) is used for preparing touchwood, calle …

agaric acid
Alpha-Hexadecylcitric acid; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-nonadecanetricarboxylic acid;obtained from agaric and responsible for the anhidrotic action of the mushroom; used as an anhidrotic agent. ... Synonym: agaricic acid, agaricinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agaricales
An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi that includes the gilled mushrooms and a number of related forms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

agaricic acid
Synonym for agaric acid ... Alpha-Hexadecylcitric acid; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-nonadecanetricarboxylic acid;obtained from agaric and responsible for the anhidrotic action of the mushroom; used as an anhidrotic agent. ... Synonym: agaricic acid, agaricinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agaricinic acid
Synonym for agaric acid ... Alpha-Hexadecylcitric acid; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-nonadecanetricarboxylic acid;obtained from agaric and responsible for the anhidrotic action of the mushroom; used as an anhidrotic agent. ... Synonym: agaricic acid, agaricinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agaricus
A basidiomycetous fungal genus of the family agaricaceae, order agaricales, which includes the field mushroom (a. Campestris) and the commercial mushroom (a. Bisporus). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

agaropectin
A polysaccharide found in agar preparations consisting of d-galactose linked b1,3 glycosidically. Some of the galactosyl units are sulfated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agarose
<chemical> This linear galactan is created by purifying agar, when it is heated and cooled, it forms a gel that is used as a support for many types of electrophoresis and immunodiffusion (agarbiose). A typical gel is about 1% agarose. ... Agarose is more porous than acrylamide and is sold in different grades, the lower its sulphate content, th …

agarose gel electrophoresis
<procedure> A type of electrophoresis that uses a matrix of highly purified agar to separate large nucleotides in size. ... (06 May 1997) ...

agastroneuria
Lessened nervous control of the stomach. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + gaster, belly, + neuron, nerve ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agate
1. <chemical> A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colours are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds. ... The fortification agate, or Scotch pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate, etc, are familiar varieties. ... 2. A kind of type, larger than pearl and …

agave
<botany> A genus of plants (order Amaryllidaceae) of which the chief species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana), wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is the pulque …

age
1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime. 'Mine age is as nothing before thee.' (Ps. Xxxix. 5) ... 2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth? ... 3. The latter part of life; an advanced period o …

age distribution
The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

age factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from aging, a physiological process, and time factors which refers only to the passage of time. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

age groups
Persons classified by age from birth (infant, newborn) to octagenarians and older (aged, 80 and over). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

age of onset
The age or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

age spot
<dermatology> A skin disorder seen with aging (or sun exposure) where there are flat patches of increased pigmentation on the skin. ... They are nonserious, benign and generally more important cosmetically. The most commonly appear on sun exposed areas such as the forehead and the back of the hands. Avoidance of the sun and the use of a sunscr …

age-class
<ecology> A group of individuals of a species that have the same age. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

age-related macular degeneration
A common macular degeneration beginning with drusen of the macula and pigment disruption and sometimes leading to severe loss of central vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

age-specific rate
A rate for a specified age group, in which the numerator and denominator refer to the same age group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

age-structured model
<epidemiology> A mathematical model which take into consideration the division of the host population into different age classes. Such models can used to consider the consequences of such factors as age-dependent infection, morbidity or mortality rates or of age-specific vaccination schedules. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

aged
A person 65 through 79 years of age. For a person older than 79 years, aged, 80 and over is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aged, 80 and over
A person 80 years of age and older. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

agene process
Bleaching of flour with nitrogen trichloride (prohibited in the United States). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

agenesis
<embryology> A condition in which a part of the body (such as an organ or a tissue) does not completely develop or fails to develop at all. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

agenesis of corpus callosum
<radiology> Defect in dorsal portion of lamina reuniens, occurs about 10th - 12th week of gestation, may be complete or partial CT findings: parallel lateral ventricles, occipital horns dilated, deep falx, frontal horns C-shaped on coronal view associated with, Dandy-Walker cyst, encephalocele, Arnold-Chiari malformation, CNS lipoma ... (12 De …

agenitalism
Congenital absence of genitalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...