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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

dissimulation
Concealment of the truth about a situation, especially about a state of health or during a mental status examination, as by a malingerer or someone with a factitious disorder. ... Origin: L. Dissimulatio, fr. Dissimulo, to feign, fr. Dis, apart, + simillis, same ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociated anaesthesia
Loss of some types of sensation with persistence of others; most often used in context of nerve blocks, wherein a loss of sensation for pain and temperature occurs without loss of tactile sense. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociated nystagmus
A nystagmus in which the movements of the two eyes are dissimilar in direction, amplitude, and periodicity. ... Synonym: dysjunctive nystagmus, incongruent nystagmus, irregular nystagmus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociation
1. The act of separating or state of being separated. ... 2. <chemistry> The separation of a molecule into two or more fragments (atoms, molecules, ions or free radicals) produced by the absorption of light or thermal energy or by solvation. ... 3. <psychology> A defense mechanism in which a group of mental processes are segregated from t …

dissociation by interference
Synonym for interference dissociation ... The simultaneous operation of two separate cardiac pacemaking foci that are unassociated because of interference (a normal physiologic phenomenon) due to rendering their respective territories refractory to each other. Usually atrioventricular dissociation is indicated, the rates being quite close to each ot …

dissociation constant
<chemistry> In a chemical equilibrium of form A + B = AB, the equilibrium concentrations (strictly, activities) of the reactants are related such that A x B/AB = a constant, Kd, the dissociation constant, that in this simplest case has the dimensions of concentration. When A is H, this is the acid dissociation constant often designated Ka and …

dissociation constant of a base
Expressed by the general equation [B+][OH-]/[BOH] = Kb, where BOH is the undissociated base. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociation constant of an acid
Expressed by general equation [H+][A-]/[HA] = Ka, where HA is the undissociated acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociation constant of water
Expressed by the equation [H+][OH-] = Kw = 10-14 at 25°C. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociation sensibility
The loss of the pain and the thermal senses with preservation of tactile sensibility or vice versa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociative anaesthesia
A form of general anaesthesia, but not necessarily complete unconsciousness, characterised by catalepsy, catatonia, and amnesia, especially that produced by phenylcyclohexylamine compounds, including ketamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociative disorders
Sudden temporary alterations in the normally integrative functions of consciousness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dissociative hysteria
An unconscious process sometimes seen in patients with multiple personalities, or in hysteria, in which a group of mental processes is separated from the rest of the thinking processes, resulting in an independent functioning of these processes and a loss of the usual relationships among them. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissociative reaction
Reaction characterised by such dissociative behaviour as amnesia, fugues, sleepwalking, and dream states. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissolution
1. The act of dissolving, sundering, or separating into component parts; separation. 'Dissolutions of ancient amities.' (Shak) ... 2. Change from a solid to a fluid state; solution by heat or moisture; liquefaction; melting. ... 3. Change of form by chemical agency; decomposition; resolution. 'The dissolution of the compound.' (South) ... 4. The dispe …

dissolve
To change or cause to change from a solid to a dispersed form by immersion in a fluid of suitable properties. ... Origin: L. Dis-solvo, pp. -solutus, to loose asunder, to dissolve ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissolved oxygen
<biochemistry> The concentration of oxygen dissolved in water, expressed in mg/l or as percent saturation, where saturation is the maximum amount of oxygen that can theoretically be dissolved in water at a given altitude and temperature. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

dissolvent
Having power to dissolve power to dissolve a solid body; as, the dissolvent juices of the stomach. ... Origin: L. Dissolvens, -entis, p. Pr. Of dissolvere. ... 1. That which has the power of dissolving or melting other substances, especially. By mixture with them; a menstruum; a solvent. 'Melted in the crucible dissolvents.' (A. Smith) 'The secret tr …

dissonance
In social psychology and attitude theory, an aversive state which arises when an individual is minimally aware of inconsistency or conflict within himself. ... See: cognitive dissonance theory. ... Origin: L. Dissonus, discordant, confused ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dissuade
1. To advise or exhort against; to try to persuade (one from a course). 'Mr. Burchell, on the contrary, dissuaded her with great ardor: and I stood neuter.' (Goldsmith) 'War, therefore, open or concealed, alike My voice dissuades.' (Milton) ... 2. To divert by persuasion; to turn from a purpose by reasons or motives; with from; as, I could not dissu …

dissymmetry
Synonym: asymmetry. ... Origin: dis-+ symmetry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distaff
Origin: OE. Distaf, dysestafe, AS. Distaef; cf. LG. Diesse the bunch of flax on a distaff, and E. Dizen. See Staff. ... 1. The staff for holding a bunch of flax, tow, or wool, from which the thread is drawn in spinning by hand. 'I will the distaff hold; come thou and spin.' (Fairfax) ... 2. Used as a symbol of the holder of a distaff; hence, a woman; …

distain
To tinge with a different colour from the natural or proper one; to stain; to discolour; to sully; to tarnish; to defile; used chiefly in poetry. 'Distained with dirt and blood.' '[She] hath . . . Distained her honorable blood.' (Spenser) 'The worthiness of praise distains his worth.' (Shak) ... Origin: OE. Desteinen, OF. Desteindre to take away the …

distal
<anatomy> Remote, farther from any point of reference, opposed to proximal. ... <dentistry> Used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. ... Origin: L. Distans = distant ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

distal caries
Loss of structure on the tooth surface that is directed away from the median plane of the dental arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal centriole
The centriole in the developing spermatozoon from which the flagellum develops. ... Synonym: posterior centriole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal end
The posterior extremity of a dental appliance. ... Synonym: heel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal end cutter
<dentistry, equipment> A special plier used to cut off the ends of your arch wires. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

distal ileitis
Synonym for regional enteritis ... A subacute chronic enteritis, of unknown cause, involving the terminal ileum and less frequently other parts of the gastrointestinal tract; characterised by patchy deep ulcers that may cause fistulas, and narrowing and thickening of the bowel by fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltration, with noncaseating tuberculoid g …

distal interphalangeal joints
The synovial joint's between the middle and distal phalanges of the fingers and of the toes. ... Synonym: DIP joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal occlusion
A tooth occluding in a position distal to normal. ... Synonym: disto-occlusion, postnormal occlusion, retrusive occlusion. ... Synonym: distoclusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal radioulnar articulation
Synonym for distal radioulnar joint ... The pivot synovial joint between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the radius; an articular disk passes across the distal part of the joint. ... Synonym: articulatio radioulnaris distalis, distal radioulnar articulation, inferior radioulnar joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal radioulnar joint
The pivot synovial joint between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the radius; an articular disk passes across the distal part of the joint. ... Synonym: articulatio radioulnaris distalis, distal radioulnar articulation, inferior radioulnar joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal spiral septum
See: spiral septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal splenorenal shunt
Synonym for Warren shunt ... Anastomosis of the splenic end of the divided splenic vein to the left renal vein. ... Synonym: distal splenorenal shunt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal surface of tooth
The contact surface of a tooth that is directed away from the median plane of the dental arch; opposite to the mesial surface of a tooth. ... Synonym: facies distalis dentis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distal tibiofibular joint
Synonym for tibiofibular syndesmosis ... The fibrous union of the tibia and fibula consisting of the interosseous membrane and the anterior, interosseous and posterior tibiofibular ligaments at the distal extremities of the bones. ... Synonym: syndesmosis tibiofibularis, distal tibiofibular joint, inferior tibiofibular joint, tibiofibular articulatio …

distalis
Synonym for distal ... <anatomy> Remote, farther from any point of reference, opposed to proximal. ... <dentistry> Used to designate a position on the dental arch farther from the median line of the jaw. ... Origin: L. Distans = distant ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

distamycins
<chemical> Oligopeptide antibiotics from streptomyces distallicus. Their binding to DNA inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, peptide, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

distance
1. The space between two objects; the length of a line, especially the shortest line joining two points or things that are separate; measure of separation in place. 'Every particle attracts every other with a force . . . Inversely proportioned to the square of the distance.' (Sir I. Newton) ... 2. Remoteness of place; a remote place. 'Easily managed …

distance ceptor
A nerve mechanism of one of the organs of special sense whereby the subject is brought into relation with his distant environment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distance of virtual image
<physics> When a simple lens is used as a magnifier for visual observation the eye becomes part of the optical system. A virtual image can be formulated by construction and its apparent distance will vary with the focus of the eye. This will vary among individuals. In a rather arbitrary but standardised assumption, the normal distance for clo …

distance perception
The act of knowing or the recognition of a distance by recollective thought, or by means of a sensory process which is under the influence of set and of prior experience. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

distant flap
A flap in which the donor site is distant from the recipient area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distemper
1. An undue or unnatural temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts. ... This meaning and most of the following are to be referred to the Galenical doctrine of the four 'humors' in man. See Humor. According to the old physicians, these humors, when unduly tempered, produce a disordered state of body and mind. ... 2. Severity of climate; extreme wea …

distemper virus
See: canine distemper virus, feline panleukopenia virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distemper virus, canine
A species of morbillivirus causing distemper in dogs, wolves, foxes, raccoons, and ferrets. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

distemper virus, phocine
A species of morbillivirus causing distemper in seals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

distend
To become expanded or inflated; to swell. 'His heart distends with pride.' ... 1. To extend in some one direction; to lengthen out; to stretch. 'But say, what mean those coloured streaks in heaven Distended as the brow of God appeased?' (Milton) ... 2. To stretch out or extend in all directions; to dilate; to enlarge, as by elasticity of parts; to in …

distensibility
The capability of being distended or stretched. ... Origin: L. Dis-tendo, to stretch apart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distension
The act or state of being distended or stretched. ... See: dilation. ... Origin: L. Dis-tendo, to stretch apart ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distention
The state of being distended or enlarged, the act of distending. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

distention cyst
Synonym for retention cyst ... A cyst resulting from some obstruction to the excretory duct of a gland. ... Synonym: distention cyst, secretory cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distention ulcer
An ulcer of the intestine in the dilated part above a stricture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distichiasis
A congenital, abnormal, accessory row of eyelashes. ... Origin: G. Di-double, + stichos, row ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distichous
<plant biology> Arranged in two rows on opposite sides of a stem and thus in the same plane. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

distil
<chemistry> To volatilise by heat and then cool and condense the evaporated matter, as to purify a substance or to separate a volatile substance from other less volatile substances. ... Origin: L. Stillare = to drop ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

distill
To extract a substance by distillation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distillate oil
Any distilled product of crude oil. A light petroleum product used for home heating and most machinery. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

distillation
<technique> A lab technique used to purify a substance, to remove a solvent (a liquid that a substance is dissolved in) from the substance, or to separate two or more components in a liquid mixture. ... Ideally, this is done by taking advantage of the fact that the different chemicals have different boiling points. The temperature is raised so …

distilled water
Water purified by distillation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distillers' dried grains
(DDGS) The dried byproduct of the grain fermentation process. Typically used as a high-protein animal feed. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

distinction
1. A marking off by visible signs; separation into parts; division. 'The distinction of tragedy into acts was not known.' (Dryden) ... 2. The act of distinguishing or denoting the differences between objects, or the qualities by which one is known from others; exercise of discernment; discrimination. 'To take away therefore that error, which confusi …

distinguish
1. Not set apart from others by visible marks; to make distinctive or discernible by exhibiting differences; to mark off by some characteristic. 'Not more distinguished by her purple vest, Than by the charming features of her face.' (Dryden) 'Milton has distinguished the sweetbrier and the eglantine.' (Nares) ... 2. To separate by definition of term …

disto-occlusal
Synonym for distoclusal ... 1. Relating to or characterised by distoclusion. ... 2. Denoting a compound cavity or restoration involving the distal and occlusal surfaces of a tooth. ... 3. Denoting the line angle formed by the distal and occlusal walls of a class V cavity. ... Synonym: disto-occlusal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disto-occlusion
Synonym for distal occlusion ... A tooth occluding in a position distal to normal. ... Synonym: disto-occlusion, postnormal occlusion, retrusive occlusion. ... Synonym: distoclusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distobuccal
Relating to the distal and buccal surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distobucco-occlusal
Relating to the distal, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by the junction of these surfaces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distobuccopulpal
Relating to the point (trihedral) angle formed by the junction of a distal, buccal, and pulpal wall of a cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distocervical
Relating to the line angle formed by the junction of the distal and cervical (gingival) walls of a class V cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distoclusal
1. Relating to or characterised by distoclusion. ... 2. Denoting a compound cavity or restoration involving the distal and occlusal surfaces of a tooth. ... 3. Denoting the line angle formed by the distal and occlusal walls of a class V cavity. ... Synonym: disto-occlusal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distoclusion
A malocclusion in which the mandibular arch articulates with the maxillary arch in a position distal to normal; in Angle's classification, a Class II malocclusion. ... Synonym: distal occlusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distogingival
Relating to the junction of the distal surface with the gingival line of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distoincisal
Relating to the line (dihedral) angle formed by the junction of the distal and incisal walls of a class V cavity in an anterior tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distolabial
Relating to the distal and labial surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distolabiopulpal
Relating to the point (trihedral) angle formed by the junction of distal, labial and pulpal walls of the incisal part of a class IV (mesioincisal) cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distolingual
Relating to the distal and lingual surfaces of a tooth; denoting the angle formed by their junction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distolinguo-occlusal
Relating to the distal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces of a bicuspid or molar tooth; denoting especially the angle formed by the junction of these surfaces. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distomiasis
Distomatosis ... Presence in any of the organs or tissues of digenetic flukes formerly classified as Distoma or Distomum; in general, infection by any parasitic trematode or fluke. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distoplacement
Synonym for distoversion ... Malposition of a tooth distal to normal, in a posterior direction following the curvature of the dental arch. ... Synonym: distoplacement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distopulpal
Relating to the line (dihedral) angle formed by the junction of the distal and pulpal walls of a cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distort
1. To twist of natural or regular shape; to twist aside physically; as, to distort the limbs, or the body. 'Whose face was distorted with pain.' (Thackeray) ... 2. To force or put out of the true posture or direction; to twist aside mentally or morally. 'Wrath and malice, envy and revenge, do darken and distort the understandings of men.' (Tillotson …

distortion
The state of being twisted out of a natural or normal shape or position. ... Origin: L. Dis = apart, torsio = a twisting ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

distortion aberration
The faulty formation of an image arising because the magnification of the peripheral part of an object is different from that of the central part when viewed through a lens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distoversion
Malposition of a tooth distal to normal, in a posterior direction following the curvature of the dental arch. ... Synonym: distoplacement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distractibility
A disorder of attention in which the mind is easily diverted by inconsequential occurrences; seen in mania and attention deficit disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distraction
<procedure> The cognitive strategy of focusing attention on stimuli other than pain or negative emotions that accompany pain. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

distraction conus
A conus in which the optic nerve passes through the scleral canal in a markedly oblique direction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distress
1. Extreme pain or suffering; anguish of body or mind; as, to suffer distress from the gout, or from the loss of friends. 'Not fearing death nor shrinking for distress.' (Shak) ... 2. That which occasions suffering; painful situation; misfortune; affliction; misery. 'Affliction's sons are brothers in distress.' (Burns) ... 3. A state of danger or nec …

distributed effort
In psychology, learning that involves small units of work and interpolated rest periods, as contrasted with massed learning, in which the individual works continually until the skill is mastered. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distributing artery
Synonym for muscular artery ... <anatomy, artery> An artery with a tunica media composed principally of circularly arranged smooth muscle. ... Synonym: distributing artery, medium artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distribution
1. The specific location or arrangement of continuing or successive objects or events in space or time. ... 2. The extent of a ramifying structure such as an artery or nerve and its branches. ... 3. The geographical range of an organism or disease. ... 4. Probability. ... Origin: L. Distributio ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

distribution coefficient
The ratio of concentrations of a substance in two immiscible phases at equilibrium; the basis of many chromatographic separation procedures. ... Synonym: partition coefficient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distribution curve
A systematic grouping of data into classes or categories according to the frequency of occurrence of each successive value or ranges of such values, resulting in a graph of a frequency distribution. ... Synonym: frequency curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distribution function
<radiobiology> Function characterising the density of particles located at a given point in phase space (a combination of velocity and/or position coordinates) at a given time. The velocity-space distribution function gives the number of particles with a particular velocity, the position-space distribution function is synonymous with the part …

distribution leukocytosis
An abnormally large proportion of one or more types of leukocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distribution volume
The volume throughout which an added tracer substance appears to have been evenly distributed, calculated by dividing the amount of tracer added by its concentration after equilibration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distributive
1. Tending to distribute; serving to divide and assign in portions; dealing to each his proper share. 'Distributive justice.' ... 2. <logic> Assigning the species of a general term. ... 3. Expressing separation; denoting a taking singly, not collectively; as, a distributive adjective or pronoun, such as each, either, every; a distributive numer …

distributive analysis
The analysis of information gained about the patient and its distribution by the physician, as indicated by the patient's complaint and symptoms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

distributive shock
<physiology> A form of shock (low oxygen delivery to the tissues) that results from a decline in vascular tone. This net result is pooling of unoxygenated blood in the tissues. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...