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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


diketopipe razines
A class of organic compounds with a closed ring structure formed from two alpha-amino acids by the joining of the alpha-amino group of each to the carboxyl group of the other, with the loss of two molecules of water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilaceration
Displacement of some portion of a developing tooth which is then further developed in its new relation, resulting in a tooth with sharply angulated root(s). ... Origin: L. Di-lacero, pp. Laceratus, to tear in pieces, fr. Lacer, mangled ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilantin gingivitis
Synonym for diphenylhydantoin gingivitis ... Gingivitis exacerbated by long-term therapy with diphenylhydantoin; the host response to bacterial plaque is characterised by marked hyperplasia of the fibrous connective tissue and, to a lesser degree, of the surface epithelium, resulting in gross enlargement of interdental papillae which may coalesce an …

dilatancy
An increasing viscosity with increasing rate of shear accompanied by volumetric expansion. ... Origin: L. Dilato, to dilate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilatate
In medicine, dilatate means the same thing as dilate , namely to enlarge or expand. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dilatation
The condition, as of an orifice or tubular structure, of being dilated or stretched beyond the normal dimensions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dilatation and curettage
This gynaecological procedure involves dilating the cervix (opening to the uterus) such that a surgical curette may be passed into the uterus. The surgeon uses the curette to remove the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). This procedure is often performed to correct dysfunctional uterine bleeding. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

dilatation, pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dilated cardiomyopathy
<cardiology, pathology> A group of disorders where the heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump effectively. ... The net result is dilation of the cardiac chambers or cardiac enlargement. The poor cardiac function results in congestive heart failure. ... Causes for dilated cardiomyopathy include anaemia, obesity, amyloidosis, alcohol abuse, isc …

dilated pore
An enlarged follicular opening of the skin, with a keratinous plug and occasional lanugo or mature hair. ... Synonym: acquired trichoepithelioma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilating
The widening and opening of the cervix caused by uterine contractions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dilation
The process of enlargment or expansion. The word dilatation means the same thing. Both come from the Latin dilatare meaning to enlarge or expand. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dilation and curettage
Dilation of the cervix and curettement of the endometrium. ... Acronym: D&C ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilation and evacuation
Dilation of the cervix and removal of the products of conception. ... Acronym: D&E ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilation thrombosis
Thrombosis due to slowed circulation consequent upon dilation of a vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilator iridis
Synonym for dilator pupillae muscle ... <anatomy> The radial muscular fibres extending from the sphincter pupillae to the ciliary margin; some anatomists regard them as elastic, not muscular, in humans. ... Synonym: musculus dilator pupillae, dilator iridis, dilator of pupil, musculus dilator iridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilator muscle
<anatomy> A muscle which opens an orifice or dilates the lumen of an organ; it is the dilating or opening component of a pylorus (the other component is the sphincter muscle). ... Synonym: musculus dilatator, musculus dilator. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilator muscle of pylorus
The longitudinal muscular fibres that open the gastroduodenal junction. ... Synonym: musculus dilator pylori gastroduodenalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilator of pupil
Synonym for dilator pupillae muscle ... <anatomy> The radial muscular fibres extending from the sphincter pupillae to the ciliary margin; some anatomists regard them as elastic, not muscular, in humans. ... Synonym: musculus dilator pupillae, dilator iridis, dilator of pupil, musculus dilator iridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilator pupillae muscle
<anatomy> The radial muscular fibres extending from the sphincter pupillae to the ciliary margin; some anatomists regard them as elastic, not muscular, in humans. ... Synonym: musculus dilator pupillae, dilator iridis, dilator of pupil, musculus dilator iridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilator tubae
Synonym for tensor veli palati muscle ... <anatomy> Tensor muscle of soft palate, musculus tensor palati; musculus palatosalpingeus; musculus sphenosalpingostaphylinus; dilator tubae; origin, scaphoid fossa of sphenoid, cartilaginous and membranous part of auditory (eustachian) tube and spine of sphenoid; insertion, posterior border of hard pa …

dilazep
<chemical> 3,3'-(perhydro-1,4-diazepin-1,4-diyl)-bis(propyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate). Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity. ... Pharmacological action: vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-, (tetrahydro-1H-1,4-diazepine-1,4(5H)-diyl)di-3,1-propanediyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dill oil
A volatile oil distilled from the fruit of Anethum graveolens (family Umbelliferae); a carminative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diloxanide furoate
2,2-Dichloro-4'-hydroxy-N-methylacetanilide furoate;an amoebicide used in the treatment of dysentery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diltiazem
<chemical> A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of the calcium ion in membrane functions. It is also teratogenic. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, calcium channel blockers, cardiovascular agents, teratogens, vasodilator agents. Direct, potent negative chronotrope with on …

diltiazem hydrochloride
1,5-Benzothiazepin-4(5H)one,3-(acetyloxy)-5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-monohydrochloride, (+)-cis-;a calcium channel blocking agent used as a coronary vasodilator and antihypertensive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilute
1. To make thinner or more liquid by admixture with something; to thin and dissolve by mixing. 'Mix their watery store. With the chyle's current, and dilute it more.' (Blackmore) ... 2. To diminish the strength, flavor, colour, etc, of, by mixing; to reduce, especially by the addition of water; to temper; to attenuate; to weaken. 'Lest these colours …

dilute alcohol
An alcohol in water mixtures of various concentrations, e.g., 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 45, 25, and 20% v/v of C2H5OH. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilute phosphoric acid
A solvent containing 10% H3PO4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diluted hydrochloric acid
A preparation that contains, in each 100 ml, 10 g of HCl; used internally for achlorhydria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilution
1. The act of being diluted. ... 2. A diluted solution or mixture. ... 3. In microbiologic techniques, a method for counting the number of viable cells in a suspension; a sample is diluted to the point where an aliquot, when plated, yields a countable number of separate colonies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dilution cloning
Cloning by diluting the cell suspension to the point at which the probability of there being more than one cell in the inoculum volume is small. Inevitably on quite a few occasions there will not be any cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dilutional hyponatraemia
<biochemistry> Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) secretion is a disorder of fluid and electrolyte balance which results from the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This results in the inability to excrete dilute urine. SIADH is seen in association with certain cancers (for example oat cell lung cancer, pancreatic, prostate, …

diluvial
1. Of or pertaining to a flood or deluge, especially. To the great deluge in the days of Noah; diluvian. ... 2. <geology> Effected or produced by a flood or deluge of water; said of coarse and imperfectly stratified deposits along ancient or existing water courses. Similar unstratified deposits were formed by the agency of ice. The time of dep …

dim
1. Not bright or distinct; wanting luminousness or clearness; obscure in luster or sound; dusky; darkish; obscure; indistinct; overcast; tarnished. 'The dim magnificence of poetry.' (Whewell) 'How is the gold become dim!' (Lam. Iv. 1) 'I never saw The heavens so dim by day.' (Shak) 'Three sleepless nights I passed in sounding on, Through words and …

dimaprit
<chemical> Carbamimidothioic acid 3-(dimethylamino)propyl ester. A histamine h2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors. ... Pharmacological action: histamine agonist. ... Chemical name: Carbamimidothioic acid, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimazole dihydrochloride
Synonym for diamthazole dihydrochloride ... 6-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-2-dimethylaminobenzothiazole dihydrochloride;an antifungal agent for topical use. ... Synonym: dimazole dihydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimazon
4-o-Tolylazo-o-diacetotoluide;an azo compound occurring in red crystals; used with petrolatum as an ointment to stimulate epithelial cell proliferation and thus promote the healing of superficial wounds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimelia
Congenital duplication of the whole or a part of a limb. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimenhydrinate
<chemical> A drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline. It is used for treating vertigo, motion sickness, and nausea associated with pregnancy. It is not effective in the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. ... Pharmacological action: antiemetics, histamine h1 antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1H-Purine- …

dimension
1. Measure in a single line, as length, breadth, height, thickness, or circumference; extension; measurement; usually, in the plural, measure in length and breadth, or in length, breadth, and thickness; extent; size; as, the dimensions of a room, or of a ship; the dimensions of a farm, of a kingdom. 'Gentlemen of more than ordinary dimensions.' (W. …

dimensional stability
The property of a material to retain its size and form. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimer
A molecule which consists of two similar (but not necessarily identical) subunits. The term could also be used as a verb referring to the act of the two subunits coming together (to dimerize). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dimercaprol
<chemical> 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine). It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning. ... Pharmacological action: antidotes, chelating agents. ... Chemical name: 1-Propanol, 2,3-dimercapto-
dimercurion
The mercuric ion, Hg2+. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimeric
Having the characteristics of a dimer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimerization
The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimerous
Consisting of two parts. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimetacrine tartrate
10-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-9,9-dimethylacridan tartrate;an antidepressant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethadione
<chemical> 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione. An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of trimethadione. ... Pharmacological action: anticonvulsants. ... Chemical name: 2,4-Oxazolidinedione, 5,5-dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethicone
A silicone oil consisting of dimethylsiloxane polymers, usually incorporated into a petrolatum base or a nongreasy preparation and used for the protection of normal skin against various, chiefly industrial, skin irritants; may also be used to prevent diaper dermatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethindene
<chemical> Histamine h1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antipruritics, histamine h1 antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1H-Indene-2-ethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-3-(1-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethindene maleate
2-[1-[2-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)inden-3-yl]ethyl]pyridine maleate;an antihistamine also used as an antipruritic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethisterone
<chemical> (6 alpha,17 beta)-17-hydroxy-6-methyl-17-(1-propynyl)androst-4-en-3-one. A synthetic progestational hormone without significant oestrogenic or androgenic properties. It was formerly used as the progestational component in oral sequential contraceptives. ... Pharmacological action: contraceptives, oral, synthetic, progestational horm …

dimethoate
<chemical> An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organothiophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-dimethyl S-(2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl) ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethothiazine mesylate
Synonym for fonazine mesylate ... 10-[2-(Dimethylamino)propyl]-N,N-dimethylphenothiazine-2-sulfonamide monomethanesulfonate;a serotonin inhibitor. ... Synonym: dimethothiazine mesylate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethoxanate hydrochloride
2-Dimethylaminoethoxyethyl phenothiazine-10-carboxylate hydrochloride;a non-narcotic antitussive agent, less effective than codeine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethoxyamphetamine
A hallucinogen with properties resembling lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). ... Acronym: DMA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethoxytrityl
A molecule which blocks unwanted reactions during the automatic making of oligonucleotides (a short polymer, or chain, of nucleotides). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dimethyl adipimidate
<chemical> Hexanediimidic acid, dimethyl ester. Bifunctional cross-linking agent that links covalently free amino groups of proteins or polypeptides, including those in cell membranes. It is used as reagent or fixative in immunohistochemistry and is a proposed antisickling agent. ... Pharmacological action: antisickling agents, indicators and …

dimethyl d-tubocurarine
Synonym for metocurine iodide ... (+)-O,O'-dimethylchondrocurarine diiodide;a nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agent used to provide relaxation during surgical operations. ... Synonym: dimethyl d-tubocurarine, dimethyl tubocurarine iodide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethyl iminodiacetic acid
A radiopharmaceutical labelled with 99mTc, an early agent used for cholescintigraphy. ... Acronym: HIDA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethyl ketone
Synonym for acetone ... <chemical> A colourless, flammable liquid which is used as a solvent (it is most familiar as the solvent in nail polish remover). The simplest ketone, it mixes with water, ethyl alcohol, and most oils. ... It melts at -95.4 deg C. And boils at 56.2 deg C. It is naturally found in very tiny quantities in the body fluids a …

dimethyl phthalate
An insect repellent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethyl suberimidate
<chemical> The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine. ... Pharmacological action: indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: Octanediimidic acid, dimethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethyl sulfate
An industrial chemical (sulfuric acid dimethyl ester (CH3)2SO4), used in synthesis as an alkylating agent; it causes nystagmus, convulsions, and death from pulmonary complications. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethyl sulfoxide
<chemical> An alkyl sulfoxide that is practically odourless in its purified form. As a highly polar organic liquid, it is a powerful solvent. Its biologic activities include the ability to penetrate plant and animal tissues and to preserve living cells during freezing. It has been used investigationally as a topical analgesic and anti-inflamm …

dimethyl sulfoxide reductase
<enzyme> From anaerobically grown E coli; reduced fmn and fad or methyl viologen can serve as electron donors ... Registry number: EC 1.8.99.- ... Synonym: dimethylsulfoxide reductase, dmso reductase, dora gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dimethyl sulphoxide
<chemical> A substance with the formula (CH3)2SO that is used as a cryoprotectant to protect cultured animal cells from the damaging effects of cryopreservation (storage by freezing). It is also used in transfection to increase the chances that the target eukaryotic cells will actually pick up, incorporate and express the DNA. ... (09 Oct 1997 …

dimethyl tubocurarine chloride
Dimethyl ether of d-tubocurarine chloride; a skeletal muscle relaxant. ... See: tubocurarine chloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethyl tubocurarine iodide
Synonym for metocurine iodide ... (+)-O,O'-dimethylchondrocurarine diiodide;a nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agent used to provide relaxation during surgical operations. ... Synonym: dimethyl d-tubocurarine, dimethyl tubocurarine iodide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethylallylpyrophosphate
An intermediate in steroid and terpene biosynthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethylallyltranstransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that, in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyses the condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallylpyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and geranylpyrophosphate. The enzyme then catalyses the condensation of the latter compound with another molecule of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate …

dimethylamine dehydrogenase
<enzyme> From hyphomicrobium, 6-s-cysteinyl-fmn is coenzyme ... Registry number: EC 1.5.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dimethylaminoazobenzene
Synonym for butter yellow ... C6H5N:NC6H4N(CH3)2;a fat-soluble yellow dye (MW 225) that has hepatic carcinogenic action in experimental animals; used as an indicator of pH (red, at pH 2.9, yellow at pH 4.0). ... Synonym: dimethylaminoazobenzene, methyl yellow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethylargininase
<enzyme> Catalyses the formation of citrulline and dimethylamine from dimethylarginine; highly specific for n(g),n(g)-dimethylarginine and n(g)-monomethylarginine; mw 33kda ... Registry number: EC 3.5.3.18 ... Synonym: dada-hydrolase, n(g),n(g)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dimethylarsinic acid
Synonym for cacodylic acid ... <chemical> An arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide. ... Pharmacological action: dermatologic agents, herbicides. ... Chemical name: Arsinic acid, dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethylcarbinol
Synonym for isopropyl alcohol ... Used as a component of various cosmetics and astringents, when taken internally can be toxic ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

dimethyldithiocarbamate
A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethylethanolamine kinase
<enzyme> Rat liver enzyme different from ethanolamine kinase, monomethylethanolamine kinase and choline kinase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: dea kinase, deanol kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dimethylformamide
<chemical> Chemical name: Formamide, N,N-dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethylglycine dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Chemical name: n,n-dimethylglycine oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.5.99.2 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dimethylhydrazines
<chemical> Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethylmercury
A contaminant of seafood products synthesised in sediments from mercury and mercury-containing chemicals dumped in waters supporting marine life. The methylmercury is concentrated in aquatic life forms and can thus be deposited in fishes intended for human consumption. Probable cause of Minimata disease, a teratogenic condition characterised by mul …

dimethylnitrosamine
<chemical> N-nitrosodimethylamine. A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. ... Pharmacological action: alkylating agents, carcinogens, mutagens. ... Chemical name: Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimethylphenylpiperazinium
A highly selective stimulant of autonomic ganglionic cells; used experimentally. ... Acronym: DMPP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethylpiperazine tartrate
A diuretic, also used as a uric acid solvent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimethylpolysiloxanes
Silicone polymers which consist of silicon atoms substituted with methyl groups and linked by oxygen atoms. They comprise a series of biocompatible materials used as liquids, gels or solids; as film for artificial membranes, gels for implants, and liquids for drug vehicles; and as antifoaming agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimetria
An obsolete term for uterus didelphys. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + metra, womb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimetridazole
<chemical> 1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole. A compound used to treat histomoniasis in poultry. ... Pharmacological action: antiprotozoal agents. ... Chemical name: 1H-Imidazole, 1,2-dimethyl-5-nitro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dimidiate
1. Divided into two equal parts; reduced to half in shape or form. ... 2. <biology> Consisting of only one half of what the normal condition requires; having the appearance of lacking one half; as, a dimidiate leaf, which has only one side developed. Having the organs of one side, or half, different in function from the corresponding organs on …

dimidiate hermaphroditism
Synonym for lateral hermaphroditism ... A form in which a testis is present on one side and an ovary on the other. ... Synonym: dimidiate hermaphroditism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diminazene
<chemical> 4,4'-(triazene-1,3-ylen)-bis(benzamidine aceturate). An effective trypanocidal agent. ... Pharmacological action: trypanocidal agents. ... Chemical name: Benzenecarboximidamide, 4,4'-(1-triazene-1,3-diyl)bis- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diminish
1. To make smaller in any manner; to reduce in bulk or amount; to lessen; opposed to augment or increase. 'Not diminish, but rather increase, the debt.' (Barrow) ... 2. To lessen the authority or dignity of; to put down; to degrade; to abase; to weaken. 'This doth nothing diminish their opinion.' (Robynson (More's Utopia)) 'I will diminish them, tha …

Dimmer, Friedrich
<person> Austrian ophthalmologist, 1855-1926. ... See: Dimmer's keratitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dimmer's keratitis
Synonym for keratitis nummularis ... Coin-shaped or round, discrete, grayish areas 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter scattered throughout the various layers of the cornea. ... Synonym: Dimmer's keratitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimorphic
Of two different forms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dimorphic anaemia
Anaemia in which two distinct forms of red cells are circulating. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimorphism
Having two different distinct forms of individuals within the same species or two different distinct forms of parts within the same organism. For plants, it could refer to different leaf types, flowers, etc. For animals, it could refer to different colouring, sizes, features, etc. Sexual dimorphism is a common case, where the two sexes have differe …

dimorpholamine
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis [N-butyl-4-morpholinecarboxamide];an analeptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...