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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

dichromat
An individual with dichromatism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichromatopsia
Synonym: dichromatism. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + chroma, colour, + opsis, vision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichromophil
Dichromophile ... Taking a double stain; denoting a tissue or cell taking both acid and basic dyes in different parts. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + chroma, colour, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dick method
Synonym for Dick test ... An intracutaneous test of susceptibility to the erythrogenic toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes responsible for the rash and other manifestations of scarlet fever. ... Synonym: Dick method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dick test
An intracutaneous test of susceptibility to the erythrogenic toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes responsible for the rash and other manifestations of scarlet fever. ... Synonym: Dick method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dick test toxin
Synonym for streptococcus erythrogenic toxin ... A culture filtrate of lysogenised group A strains of beta-haemolytic streptococci, erythrogenic when inoculated into the skin of susceptible persons, and neutralised by antibodies that appear during scarlet fever convalescence; three immunological types (A, B, and C) are recognised. ... Synonym: Dick t …

Dick, George Frederick
<person> U.S. Internist, 1881-1967. ... See: Dick method, Dick test, Dick test toxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dick, Gladys
<person> U.S. Internist, 1881-1963. ... See: Dick method, Dick test, Dick test toxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dickens shunt
Synonym for pentose phosphate pathway ... <biochemistry> A pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final one being an oxidative decarboxylation to form a pentose phosphate. ... Diverges from this when glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to ribose 5 phosphate by the enzyme glucose-6 p …

Dickens, Frank
<person> British biochemist, *1899. ... See: Dickens shunt, Warburg-Lipmann-Dickens-Horecker shunt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicker
1. The number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; a dakir; as, a dicker of gloves. 'A dicker of cowhides.' (Heywood) ... 2. A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares; as, to make a dicker. 'For peddling dicker, not for honest sales.' (Whittier) ... Origin: Also daker, dakir; akin to Icel. Dekr, Dan. Deger, G. Decher; all prob …

diclinous
Having the stamens and the carpels in separate flowers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

diclofenac
<chemical> An anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is pharmacologically similar to indomethacin. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, 2-((2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicloxacillin
<chemical> 6-(((3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)-carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo-(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-o …

dicloxacillin sodium
Sodium salt of 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoazolylpenicillin;a semisynthetic penicillin resistant to penicillinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicofol
<chemical> An organochlorine insecticide. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide, organochlorine. ... Chemical name: Benzenemethanol, 4-chloro-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-(trichloromethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicophane
Synonym for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ... 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane;an insecticide that came into prominence during and after World War II. For a time it proved very effective, but insect populations rapidly developed tolerance for it, hence much of its original effectiveness has been lost; general usage is now widely disco …

dicoria
Synonym: diplocoria. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + kore, pupil ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicot
A subclass of of monocot ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dicotyledon
A subclass of of Angiosperms. They tend to have: ... Broad leaves ... Two cotyledons ... Netlike veins in the leaves ... flower parts are usually in fours or fives ... A ring of primary vascular bundles in the stem ... taproot system Compare: monocot ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dicrocoeliasis
Infection with flukes of the genus dicrocoelium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicrocoeliidae
A family of flattened, translucent flukes (trematoda) occurring in the gut, gallbladder, bile ducts, liver or pancreatic ducts of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. (noble et al., parasitology: the biology of animal parasites, 6th ed, p188) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicrocoeliosis
Infection of animals and rarely man with trematodes of the genus Dicrocoelium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicrocoelium
A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family dicrocoeliidae which includes the species dendriticum and hospes. It occurs in the biliary passages or liver of many vertebrates including man. The intermediate hosts are mainly mollusks but occasionally ants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicrotic notch
The acute drop in arterial pressure pulse curves following the systolic peak, corresponding to the incisura of the displacement pulse curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicrotic pulse
A pulse which is marked by a double beat, the second, due to a palpable dicrotic wave, being weaker than the first. ... Synonym: pulsus duplex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicrotic wave
The second rise in the tracing of a dicrotic pulse. ... Synonym: recoil wave. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicta-
<prefix> Prefix used to signify two hundred. ... Origin: G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diction
Choice of words for the expression of ideas; the construction, disposition, and application of words in discourse, with regard to clearness, accuracy, variety, etc.; mode of expression; language; as, the diction of Chaucer's poems. 'His diction blazes up into a sudden explosion of prophetic grandeur.' (De Quincey) ... Synonym: Diction, Style, Phrase …

dictionary
1. A book containing the words of a language, arranged alphabetically, with explanations of their meanings; a lexicon; a vocabulary; a wordbook. 'I applied myself to the perusal of our writers; and noting whatever might be of use to ascertain or illustrate any word or phrase, accumulated in time the materials of a dictionary.' (Johnson) ... 2. Hence …

dictyocaulus
Nematodes parasitic in the bronchi of herbivorous animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dictyocaulus infections
Infection with nematodes of the genus dictyocaulus. In deer, cattle, sheep, and horses the bronchi are the site of infestation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dictyoma
<tumour> A benign tumour of the ciliary epithelium with a net-like structure resembling embryonic retina. ... Origin: G. Dikyton, net (retina), + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dictyosome
<cell biology> Organelle found in plant cells and functionally equivalent to the Golgi apparatus of animal cells. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dictyosteliida
An order of protozoa characterised by their ability to aggregate to form multicellular pseudoplasmodium, which give rise to a multispored fruiting body. A stalk tube is present. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Dictyostelium
<botany> A genus of the Acrasidae, the cellular slime moulds. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dictyotene
Prolonged diplotene of meiosis: the stage at which oocyte nuclei remain during yolk production. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dicumarol
<chemical> An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin k. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. ... Pharmacological action: anticoagulant, enzyme inhibitors, uncoupling agents. ... Chemical name: 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 3,3'-methylenebis(4-hydroxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicumarol resistance
A well-defined autosomal dominant resistance to it, over and above general variability in tolerance to the drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
<chemical> A carbodiimide that is used as a chemical intermediate and coupling agent in peptide synthesis. ... Chemical name: Cyclohexanamine, N,N'-methanetetraylbis- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicyclomine
<chemical> A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anaesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms. ... Pharmacological action: muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholyt …

dicyclomine hydrochloride
2-Diethylaminoethyl bicyclohexyl-1-carboxylate hydrochloride;an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicysteine
Synonym for cystine ... <amino acid> The amino acid formed by linking two cysteine residues with a disulphide linkage between the two SH groups. The analagous compound present within proteins is termed two half cysteines. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

didactic
Instructive; denoting medical teaching by lectures or textbooks, as distinguished from clinical demonstrations with patients or laboratory exercises. ... Origin: G. Didaktikos, fr. Didasko, to teach ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

didactic analysis
Synonym for training analysis ... Psychoanalytic treatment for the purpose of training of an analytic candidate carried out under the official auspices of a psychoanalytic training institute. ... Synonym: didactic analysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

didactylism
Congenital condition of having two fingers on a hand or two toes on a foot. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + daktylos, finger or toe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

didanosine
<chemical> A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DN …

Didelphis
A genus of marsupials, commonly called opossums, that serve as reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi. Didelphis marsupialis is the common North American variety; Didelphis paraguayensis is a South American form. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + delphys, womb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dideoxy procedure
An enzymatic procedure for sequencing of DNA employing dideoxy nucleotides as chain terminators. ... See: Sanger method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dideoxy sequencing
The most popular method of DNA sequence determination (c.f. Maxam Gilbert sequencing). Starting with single stranded template DNA, a short complementary primer is annealed and extended by a DNA polymerase. The reaction is split into 4 tubes (called A, C, G or T) each containing a low concentration of the indicated dideoxy nucleotide, in addition to …

dideoxyadenosine
<chemical> A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by …

dideoxycytidine
Pyrimidine nucleoside analog with antiviral activity; has been tried in AIDS. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dideoxyinosine
Antiviral agent; has been used in treatment of AIDS. ... Acronym: DDI ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dideoxynucleosides
<chemical> Nucleosides that have two hydroxy groups removed from the sugar moiety. The majority of these compounds have broad-spectrum antiretroviral activity due to their action as antimetabolites. The nucleosides are phosphorylated intracellularly to their 5'-triphosphates and act as chain-terminating inhibitors of viral reverse transcripti …

dideoxynucleotide
<biochemistry> A deoxynucleotide that lacks a 3' hydroxyl group, and is thus unable to form a 3'-5' phosphodiester bond necessary for chain elongation. Dideoxynucleotides are used in DNA sequencing and the treatment of viral diseases. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dids
<chemical> 2,2'-(1,2-ethenediyl)bis(5-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonic acid). An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. ... Chemical name: Benzenesulfonic acid, 2,2'-(1,2-ethenediyl)bis(5-isothiocyanato- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

didym-
<prefix> relating to the didymus or testis. ... Origin: G. Didymos, twin ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

didymous
<plant biology> Carried in pairs, of anthers, having two lobes, with scarcely any tissue connecting them. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

didymus
1. An alternive term for the testis. ... Origin: G. Didymos, a twin, pl. Didymoi, testes ... 2. <suffix> A conjoined twin, with the first element of the complete word designating fused parts. ... See: -dymus, -pagus. ... Origin: G. Didymos, twin ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

didynamous
Of stamens: four in number, two being distinctly longer than the other two. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

die
1. To pass from an animate to a lifeless state; to cease to live; to suffer a total and irreparable loss of action of the vital functions; to become dead; to expire; to perish; said of animals and vegetables; often with of, by, with, from, and rarely for, before the cause or occasion of death; as, to die of disease or hardships; to die by fire or t …

Dieffenbach, Johann
<person> German surgeon, 1792-1847. ... See: Dieffenbach's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dieffenbach's method
<procedure, surgery> A plastic operation for covering a defect by sliding a flap with broad pedicle. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

diel
Term frequently used synonymously with diurnal or circadian. ... Origin: irreg., fr. L. Dies, day ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dieldrin
<biochemistry> A toxic chlorinated organic compound that is used as an insecticide. It causes cancer and is restricted to non-agricultural applications. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dielectrography
impedance plethysmography ...

dielectrolysis
Synonym for electrophoresis ... <technique> Separation of ionic molecules, (principally proteins) by the differential migration through a gel according to the size and ionic charge of the molecules in an electrical field. High resolution techniques normally use a gel support for the fluid phase. ... Examples of gels used are starch, acrylamide, …

Diels hydrocarbon
<biochemistry> A phenanthrene derivative obtained by the dehydrogenation of various steroids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Diels, Otto
<person> German chemist and Nobel laureate, 1876-1954. ... See: Diels hydrocarbon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diencephalic epilepsy
Synonym for autonomic epilepsy ... Episodes of autonomic dysfunction presumably due to diencephalic irritation. ... Synonym: diencephalic epilepsy, vasomotor epilepsy, vasovagal epilepsy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diencephalic syndrome of infancy
<paediatrics> Profound emaciation after initial normal growth, locomotor hyperactivity and euphoria, usually with skin pallor, hypotension and hypoglycaemia. ... It is usually due to neoplasm involving the anterior hypothalamus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diencephalohypophysial
Relating to the diencephalon and hypophysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diencephalon
<anatomy, zoology> In the vertebrate central nervous system it is the most rostral part of the brainstem, consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus. ... It is a key area that relays the transmission of information about sensation and movement and also contains (in the hypothalamus) important control mechanisms for h …

dienestrol
<chemical> 4,4'-(1,2-diethylidene-1,2-ethanediyl)bisphenol. A synthetic, non-steroidal oestrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms. ... Pharmacological action: oestrogens, non-steroidal. ... Chemical name: Phenol, 4,4'-(1,2-diethylidene-1,2-ethanediy …

dientamoeba
<protozoa> A genus of minute protozoa that are characterised by the preponderance of binucleate over uninucleate forms, the presence of several distinct granules in the karyosome, and the lack of a cystic stage. ... It is parasitic in the large intestine of humans and certain monkeys. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

dientamoeba diarrhoea
<gastroenterology> Diarrhoea thought to be due to infection with the flagellate, Dientamoeba fragilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dientamoeba fragilis
<zoology> A species of small amoeba-like flagellates, formerly considered a true amoeba, now recognised as an amebo-flagellate related to Trichomonas. ... They are parasitic in the large intestine of humans and certain monkeys, and although usually nonpathogenic, they are believed to be capable causing low-grade inflammation with mucous diarrh …

dientamoebiasis
<microbiology> Infection with protozoa of the genus dientamoeba. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dieresis
An alternative term for solution of continuity. ... Origin: G. Diairesis, a division ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dieretic
1. Relating to dieresis. ... 2. Dividing; ulcerating; corroding. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diesel engine
A compression-ignition piston engine in which fuel is ignited by injecting it into air that has been heated (unlike a spark-ignition engine). ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

diesterase
Synonym for phosphodiesterases ... Enzymes (EC sub-subclass 3.1.4) cleaving phosphodiester bonds, such as those in cAMP or between nucleotides in nucleic acids, liberating smaller poly-or oligonucleotide units or mononucleotides but not inorganic phosphate. ... Synonym: phosphodiester hydrolases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diestrous
Pertaining to diestrus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diestrus
<zoology> Period of sexual quiescence separating phases of the estrous cycle in polyestrous animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet
<nutrition> Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. This does not include diet therapy, a specific diet prescribed in the treatment of a disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet fads
Diets which become fashionable, but which are not necessarily nutritious. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet records
Records of nutrient intake over a specific period of time, usually kept by the patient. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet surveys
Systematic collections of factual data pertaining to the diet of a human population within a given geographic area. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet, fat-restricted
A diet that contains limited amounts of fat with less than 30% of calories from all fats and less than 10% from saturated fat. Such a diet is used in control of hyperlipidemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet, macrobiotic
An approach to nutrition based on whole cereal grains, beans, cooked vegetables and the chinese yin-yang principle. It advocates a diet consisting of organic and locally grown foods, seasonal vegetables, complex carbohydrates, and fewer fats, sugars, and chemically processed foods. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet, protein-restricted
A diet that contains limited amounts of protein. It is prescribed in some cases to slow the progression of renal failure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diet, sodium-restricted
A diet which contains very little sodium chloride. It is prescribed by some for hypertension and for edematous states. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dietary
Relating to the diet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dietary amenorrhoea
<gynaecology> The loss of menstrual function due to severe weight loss or gain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dietary carbohydrate
<nutrition> Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibres. ... The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes, tubers, e …

dietary fat
<nutrition> Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dietary fibre
<nutrition> The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dietary protein
<nutrition> Proteins present in food from plant and animal sources. Dietary proteins are significant in supplying the body with the nine essential amino acids that cannot be synthesised by humans and must be obtained in the diet. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dietary services
Services provided by dietitians or nutritionists to meet the nutritional needs of individuals, including consultation with other professional personnel. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dietary sucrose
Sucrose present in the diet. It is added to food and drinks as a sweetener. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...