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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

diatomaceous
Pertaining to diatoms or their fossil remains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diatomaceous earth
A type of silica-rich dirt which is soft, fine-grained, porous, light-coloured, and composed of the skeletons of diatoms (one-celled marine organisms with skeletons based on silicon). It is used as a filter. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

diatoms
Microscopic unicellular algae. most are aquatic, being found in fresh, brackish, and salt water. Diatoms are noted for the symmetry and sculpturing of their siliceous cell walls. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diatonic
Pertaining to the scale of eight tones, the eighth of which is the octave of the first. Diatonic scale, a scale consisting of eight sounds with seven intervals, of which two are semitones and five are whole tones; a modern major or minor scale, as distinguished from the chromatic scale. ... Origin: L. Diatonicus, diatonus, Gr, fr. To stretch out; th …

diatoric
1. The vertical cylindric aperture formed in the base of artificial porcelain teeth and extending into the body of the tooth, serving as a mechanical means of attaching the tooth to the denture base. ... 2. Denoting teeth that contain a diatoric. ... Origin: G. Diatoros, pierced ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diatrizoate
<chemical> The most commonly used water-soluble, iodinated, radiopaque X-ray contrast medium. It is used as diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium for all types of angiography, urography, and GI tract studies. ... Pharmacological action: contrast media. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 3,5-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodo- ... (12 Dec 1998)< …

diatrizoate meglumine
<chemical> Versatile X-ray contrast medium for diagnostic radiology. It can be administered by most routes. ... Pharmacological action: contrast media. ... Chemical name: D-Glucitol, 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-, 3,5-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate (salt) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diazepam
This prescription drug is used as a sedative, muscle relaxant and antianxiety medication. It is also used to treat some muscle spasms. It may cause birth defects and may make epilepsy and depression worse. Side effects include drowsiness, vertigo and impaired coordination, but many other side effects are possible. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

diazepam N-demethylase
<enzyme> Drug metabolizing enzyme; demethylates diazepam ... Registry number: EC 1.5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

diazines
A group of synthetic tuberculostatic drugs, such as pyrazine carboxamide and pyridazine-3-carboxamide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diazinon
<chemical> A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organothiophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl O-(6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl) ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diazo reaction
The reaction of diazotised sulfanilic acid with bilirubin to form azobilirubin, which forms the basis of quantitating the amount of bilirubin in biological fluids. ... See: van den Bergh's test. ... Synonym: Ehrlich's diazo reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diazo reagent
Two solutions, one of sodium nitrite, the other of acidified sulfanilic acid, used in bringing about diazotization. ... Synonym: Ehrlich's diazo reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diazo stain
<technique> For argentaffin granules, in enterochromaffin cells, a variety of diazonium salts are used to blacken the cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diazo-
<chemistry, prefix> A combining form (also used adjectively), meaning pertaining to, or derived from, a series of compounds containing a radical of two nitrogen atoms, united usually to an aromatic radical; as, diazo-benzene, C6H5.N2.OH. ... Diazo compounds are in general unstable, but are of great importance in recent organic chemistry. They …

diazomethane
<chemical> Chemical name: Methane, diazo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diazonium salts
Salt's of a theoretical base R-&equiv;N or R-N==NOH useful in histochemistry to demonstrate tissue phenols and aryl amines or with enzymatically released naphthols and naphthylamines to form the chromophore azo group -N==N-; diazonium salt's contain only one R-&equiv;N group, tetrazonium salt's contain two, and hexazonium salt's contain thr …

diazooxonorleucine
<chemical> An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of streptomyces from peruvian soil. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic, antimetabolites, antineoplastic. ... Chemical name: Norleucine, 6-dia …

diazotise
To introduce the diazo group into a chemical compound, usually through the treatment of an amine with nitrous acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diazoxide
<chemical> A peripheral vasodilator that reduces blood pressure. Diazoxide also has antidiuretic and hypoglycaemic effects. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, diuretics, thiazide, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine, 7-chloro-3-methyl-, 1,1-dioxide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dibasic
An acid which has two hydrogen atoms that it can donate to bases to form salts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dibasic acid
An acid containing two ionizable atoms of hydrogen in the molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibasic amino acid
Synonym for basic amino acid ... An amino acid containing a second basic group (usually an amino group); e.g., lysine, arginine, ornithine. ... Synonym: dibasic amino acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibasic ammonium phosphate
(NH4)2HPO4;used for fireproofing, in baking powder, and as an antirheumatic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibasic calcium phosphate
CaHPO4-2H2O;used as a calcium and phosphorus dietary supplement. ... Synonym: calcium monohydrogen phosphate, secondary calcium phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibasic potassium phosphate
Synonym for potassium phosphate ... K2HPO4;a mild saline cathartic and diuretic. ... Synonym: dibasic potassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibasic sodium phosphate
Synonym for sodium phosphate ... Na2HPO4-H2O;a laxative. ... Synonym: dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium orthophosphate. ... Sodium phosphate P 32, anionic radioactive phosphorus in the form of a solution of sodium acid phosphate and sodium basic phosphate; a beta emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days; after administration, highest concentrations are fo …

dibble
A hand tool used to make holes in the ground for planting seeds, bulbs, or small seedlings. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dibekacin
<chemical> Analog of kanamycin with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, aminoglycoside, antibiotics, antitubercular. ... Chemical name: D-Streptamine, O-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-(2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-D-erythro-hexopyranosyl-(1-4))-2-deo …

dibenamine
<chemical> An alpha adrenergic antagonist. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-antagonists, sympatholytics. ... Chemical name: Benzenemethanamine, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(phenylmethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dibenzepin hydrochloride
10-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-5,10-dihydro-5-methyl-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-one hydrochloride;an antidepressant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibenzheptropine citrate
Synonym for deptropine citrate ... 3a-[(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)oxy]1aH,5aH-tropane citrate;an antihistaminic agent with anticholinergic properties. ... Synonym: dibenzheptropine citrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibenzocycloheptenes
A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (antidepressive agents, tricyclic). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dibenzopyridine
Synonym for acridine ... 10-azaanthracene;a dye, dye intermediate, and antiseptic precursor (9-aminoacridine, acriflavine, proflavine hemisulfate derived from coal tar and irritating to skin and mucous membranes. ... Synonym: dibenzopyridine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibenzothiazine
Synonym for phenothiazine ... <pharmacology> A group of tranquilising medications with antipsychotic action, thought to act by blocking dopaminergic transmission in the brain. They are used to treat mental, nervous and emotional disorders. ... Examples include: chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, mesoridazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, promazin …

dibenzthione
3,5-dibenzyltetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione;an antifungal antiseptic. ... Synonym: sulbentine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dibothriocephalus
Former name for Diphyllobothrium. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + bothrion, dim. Of bothros, a pit, + kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dibothriocephalus latus
Synonym for Diphyllobothrium latum ... The broad or broad fish tapeworm, a species that causes diphyllobothriasis, found in man and fish-eating mammals in many parts of northern Europe, Japan and elsewhere in Asia, and in Scandinavian populations of the American north central states; it often has 3 or 4 thousand segments, broader than long; the head …

dibromopropamidine isethionate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, a compound with 4,4'-(trimethylenedioxy)bis(3-bromobenzamidine);an antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibromothymoquinone
<chemical> 2,5-dibromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. at low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory ac …

dibromsalan
4',5-Dibromosalicylanilide;a disinfectant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibucaine
<chemical> A local anaesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anaesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anaesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anaesthesia. ... Pharmacological action: anaesthetics, local. ... Chemical name: 4-Quinolinecarboxamide, 2-butoxy-N-(2-(diethylam …

dibucaine hydrochloride
2-n-Butoxy-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]cinchoninamide monohydrochloride;a potent local anaesthetic (surface and spinal anaesthesia). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibucaine number
A test for differentiation of one of several forms of atypical pseudocholinesterases that are unable to inactivate succinylcholine at normal rates; based upon percent inhibition of the enzymes by dibucaine, normal enzyme has a DN of 75 and above, heterozygous atypical enzyme has a DN of 40-70, and homozygous atypical enzyme has a DN of less than 20 …

dibutoline sulfate
Dibutyl urethane of dimethylethyl-beta-hydroxyethylammonium sulfate;an anticholinergic agent used as a mydriatic, a cycloplegic, and a gastrointestinal antispasmodic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dibutyl phthalate
<chemical> Phthalic acid, dibutyl ester. A plasticiser used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure. ... Chemical name: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dibutyryl cyclic AMP
An analogue of cyclic AMP that shares some of the pharmacological effects of this nucleotide, but is generally believed to enter cells more readily on account of its greater hydrophobicity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

dibutyryl cyclic GMP
<chemical> N-(1-oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP. ... Chemical name: Guanosine, N-(1-oxobutyl)-, cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) 2'-butanoate ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

DIC
Synonym for disseminated intravascular coagulation ... <haematology> Complication of septic shock in which endotoxin (from gram-negative bacteria) induces systemic clotting of the blood, probably indirectly through the effect of endotoxin on neutrophils. ... It may also develop in other situations where neutrophils become systemically hyperacti …

dicacodyl
Synonym for cacodyl ... (CH3)2As-As(CH3)2;an oil resulting from the distillation together of arsenous acid and potassium acetate. ... Synonym: dicacodyl, tetramethyldiarsine. ... Origin: G. Kakodes, foul-smelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicamba
<chemical> A chlorinated organic herbicide. ... Pharmacological action: herbicides. ... Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine
<chemical> 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester. ... Chemical name: 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-, diethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicarboxylic acid cycle
That portion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle involving the dicarboxylic acids (succinic, fumaric, malic, and oxaloacetic acids), a cyclic scheme in which certain steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are used with the glyoxylate cycle; important in the utilization of glyoxylic acid in microorganisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicarboxylic acid-CoA oxidase
<enzyme> Oxidises dicarboxylic acid CoA esters using molecular oxygen and producing hydrogen peroxide, ultimately producing a dicarboxylic acid with 2 fewer carbon atoms ... Registry number: EC 1.3.3.- ... Synonym: dicarboxylyl-CoA oxidase, dicarboxylic acid-coenzyme a oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dicarboxylic acid-CoA synthetase
<enzyme> Converts dicarboxylic acids (c5-c16) into their mono-CoA esters in the presence of ATP ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1.- ... Synonym: dicarboxylyl-CoA ligase, dicarboxylic acid-coenzyme a synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dicelous
Having two cavities or excavations on opposite surfaces. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + koilos, hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicentric
An abnormal chromosome with two centromeres as opposed to the normal one entromere. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dicentric chromosome
<cell biology> A chromosome with two centromeres instead of the normal one. Such an oddity can form if chromosomes break and then the fragments re-fuse with one another in a different combination than before they broke. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dicephalus
Symmetrical conjoined twins with two separate heads. ... See: conjoined twins. ... Synonym: bicephalus, diplocephalus. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicephalus diauchenos
A dicephalus with separate necks. ... Synonym: derodidymus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicephalus dipus dibrachius
A dicephalus in which the merging of the bodies has obliterated the appendages on the side of the union, leaving only two arms and two legs for the double body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicephalus dipus tetrabrachius
A dicephalus with two legs and four separate arms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicephalus dipus tribrachius
A dicephalus with two legs and three arms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicephalus dipygus
Synonym for anakatadidymus ... Anacatadidymus ... Conjoined twins united in the middle but separated above and below. ... Synonym: dicephalus dipygus. ... Origin: G. Ana, up, + kata, down, + didymos, twin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicephalus monauchenos
A dicephalus in which fusion has involved the cervical region so that the two heads are on a single neck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichasium
A cymose inflorescence with opposite branching below the flower which terminates each axis. ... Compare: monochasium. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dicheilia
A lip appearing to be double because of the presence of an abnormal fold of mucosa. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + cheilos, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dicheiria
Complete or incomplete duplication of the hand. ... See: polydactyly. ... Synonym: diplocheiria, diplochiria. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dichelobacter nodosus
Synonym for Bacteroides nodosus ... A species involved in the causation of foot rot in sheep and goats. ... Synonym: Dichelobacter nodosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichlamydeous
Of a flower, having two whorls of perianth parts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dichloramine-T
CH3C6H4SO2NCl2; p-Toluenesulfonic acid dichloramide;used as an antiseptic in surgical dressings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichlorisone
9a,11b-Dichloro-17a,21-dihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione; 9,11-dichloropredisolone;a topical antipruritic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichlorisoproterenol
Synonym for dichloroisoproterenol ... Dl-1-[3,4-dichlorophenyl]-2-isopropylaminoethanol;the congener of the adrenergic beta receptor stimulant, isoproterenol; it blocks the responses, involving beta receptors, to epinephrine and other sympathomimetic drugs. ... Synonym: dichlorisoproterenol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichloroacetate
<chemical> A derivative of acetic acid which increases the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and rate of lipogenesis. ... Chemical name: Acetic acid, dichloro-, ion(1-) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dichlorobenzene
ClC6H4Cl;an insecticide used chiefly as a moth repellent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichlorodifluoromethane
CF2Cl2;an easily liquefiable gas used as a refrigerant and aerosol propellant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane;an insecticide that came into prominence during and after World War II. For a time it proved very effective, but insect populations rapidly developed tolerance for it, hence much of its original effectiveness has been lost; general usage is now widely discouraged because of the toxicity that results fro …

dichloroethylenes
Toxic chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. Both isomers are toxic, but 1,1-dichloroethylene is the more potent CNS depressant and hepatotoxin. It is used in the manufacture of thermoplastic polymers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dichloroformoxime
phosgene oxime ...

dichlorohydrin
A colourless, odourless fluid prepared by heating anhydrous glycerin with sulfur monochloride; a solvent of resins. ... Synonym: dichloroisopropyl alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichloroisopropyl alcohol
Synonym for dichlorohydrin ... A colourless, odourless fluid prepared by heating anhydrous glycerin with sulfur monochloride; a solvent of resins. ... Synonym: dichloroisopropyl alcohol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichloroisoproterenol
Dl-1-[3,4-dichlorophenyl]-2-isopropylaminoethanol;the congener of the adrenergic beta receptor stimulant, isoproterenol; it blocks the responses, involving beta receptors, to epinephrine and other sympathomimetic drugs. ... Synonym: dichlorisoproterenol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichloromethane dehalogenase
<enzyme> Glutathione-dependent; forms formaldehyde and 2hcl; does not use water in the same way as a hydrolase ... Registry number: EC 4.5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dichloromuconate cycloisomerase
<enzyme> From alcaligenes eutrophus jmp 134; decyclises and isomerises 2,4-dichloromuconate to 2-chloromaleyl acetate ... Registry number: EC 5.5.1.11 ... Synonym: 2,4-dcmc-isomerase, 2,4-dichloromuconate cycloisomerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dichlorophen
<chemical> 2,2'-methylenebis(4-chlorophenol). Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. ... Pharmacological action: anticestodal agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, cathartic. ... Chemical name: Phen …

dichlorophenarsine hydrochloride
(3-Amino-4-Hydroxyphenyl)dichloroarisine hydrochloride, formerly used as an arsenical antisyphilitic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichlorophenolindophenol reductase
<enzyme> Involved in redox reactions culminating in superoxide production ... Registry number: EC 1.6.99.- ... Synonym: dcip reductase, NADPH-2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol reductase, NADH-dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole
<chemical> Inhibits selectively and reversibly the synthesis of two-thirds of nuclear heterogeneous RNA and approximately 95% of mRNA. Drb can markedly increase interferon production by poly I-c-induced human fibroblasts. It is used as a tool in the study of intracellular mechanisms. ... Pharmacological action: nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor …

dichlorovos
Synonym for dichlorvos ... <chemical> An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase. ... Pharmacological action: anthelmintic, cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphoric acid, 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dichlorphenamide
<chemical> A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma. ... Pharmacological action: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: 1,3-Benzenedisulfonamide, 4,5-dichloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dichlorvos
<chemical> An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase. ... Pharmacological action: anthelmintic, cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphoric acid, 2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dichorial
Dichorionic ... Showing evidence of two chorions. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + chorion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichorial twins
Synonym for dizygotic twins ... Dizygotic twins are siblings who have shared a common uterine environment. They are due to fertilization of two different ova by different sperm. Dizygotic twins are also called fraternal twins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dichorionic diamniotic placenta
Synonym for twin placenta ... The placenta(s) of a twin pregnancy; if dizygotic, the placenta's may be separate or fused, the latter retaining two amniotic and two chorionic sacs (dichorionic diamniotic placenta); if monozygotic, the placenta may be a ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichotic
Synonym for dichotomous ... Forking into two equal branches resulting from division of the growing point. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dichotic listening tests
Tests for central hearing disorders based on the competing message technique (binaural separation). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dichotomous
Forking into two equal branches resulting from division of the growing point. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

dichotomy
1. A cutting in two; a division. 'A general breach or dichotomy with their church.' (Sir T. Browne) ... 2. Division or distribution of genera into two species; division into two subordinate parts. ... 3. <astronomy> That phase of the moon in which it appears bisected, or shows only half its disk, as at the quadratures. ... 4. <biology> Suc …

dichroic
Relating to dichroism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dichroism
Synonym for circular dichroism ... <chemistry> Differential absorption of right hand and left hand circularly polarized light resulting from molecular asymmetry involving a chromophore group. Circular dichroism is used to study the conformation of proteins in solution. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...