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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


dimorphous leprosy
Synonym for borderline leprosy ... A form of leprosy that is very unstable immunologically; the cutaneous nerves frequently present bacilli, but the lepromin test is usually negative; cutaneous lesions are comprised of flat bands or plaques. ... Synonym: dimorphous leprosy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimple
1. A natural indentation, usually circular and of small area, in the chin, cheek, or sacral region. ... 2. A depression of similar appearance to a dimple, resulting from trauma or the contraction of scar tissue. ... 3. To cause dimples. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimple sign
<clinical sign> In dermatofibroma, dimpling elicited when the lesion is squeezed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimpling
1. Causing dimples. ... 2. A condition marked by the formation of dimples, natural or artificial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dimyaria
<marine biology> An order of lamellibranchiate mollusks having an anterior and posterior adductor muscle, as the common clam. See Bivalve. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
<chemical> Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes. ... Pharmacological action: indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: 3,5,9-Trioxa-4-phosphatricosan-1-aminium, 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-7-((1-oxotetradecyl)oxy)-, inner salt, 4-oxide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dineric
Denoting the interface between two mutually immiscible liquids (e.g., oil and water) in the same container. ... Origin: di-+ G. Neron, water ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinitolmide
<chemical> 3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide. A coccidiostat for poultry. ... Pharmacological action: coccidiostats. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, 2-methyl-3,5-dinitro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dinitrobenzenes
Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dinitrochlorobenzene
<chemical> 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with dncb has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. Dncb is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds. ... Pharmacological action: indicators and reagents, irr …

dinitrofluorobenzene
<chemical> Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups. ... Chemical name: Benzene, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dinitrogen monoxide
Synonym for nitrous oxide ... <chemical> Nitrogen oxide (n2o). A colourless, odourless gas that is used as an anaesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream. ... Pharmacological action: aerosol propel …

dinitrogenase reductase
A non-haem iron-sulfur protein isolated from clostridium pasteurianum and other bacteria. It is a component of nitrogenase along with molybdoferredoxin and is active in nitrogen fixation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dinitrophenols
<chemical> Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol. ... Pharmacological action: fungicides, industrial, uncoupling agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dinitrophenylhydrazine test
A screening test for maple syrup urine disease; the addition of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in HCl to urine gives a chalky white precipitate in the presence of ketoacids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinitropyrene nitroreductase
<enzyme> Rat liver cytosol enzymatic activity found in NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2) activates 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrene to carcinogenic and mutagenic cpds ... Registry number: EC 1.6.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dinner pad
A pad of moderate thickness placed over the pit of the stomach before the application of a plaster jacket; after the plaster has set the pad is removed, leaving space for varying degrees of abdominal distention. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinoflagellate
Photosynthetic organisms of the order Dinoflagellida (for botanists Dinophyceae). They are aquatic and have 2 flagella lying in grooves in an often elaborately sculptured shell or pellicle that is formed from plates of cellulose deposited in membrane vesicles. The pellicle gives some dinoflagellates very bizarre shapes. Their chromosomes lack centr …

dinoflagellate toxin
A potent neurotoxin that is thought to act similarly to botulinus toxin by impairing the synthesis or the release of acetylcholine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinoflagellida
Protozoans of the class phytomastigophora, found mainly in the oceans. They are characterised by the presence of transverse and longitudinal flagella which propel the organisms in a rotating manner through the water. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dinoprost
<chemical> 7-(3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid. A natural prostaglandin f analog that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions. ... Pharmacological action: abortifacient agents, non-steroidal, oxytocics …

dinoprost tromethamine
An oxytocic agent. ... Synonym: prostaglandin F2a tromethamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinoprostone
<chemical> 7-(3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid. The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the inte …

dinormocytosis
An obsolete term for isonormocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinosauria
<paleontology> An order of extinct mesozoic reptiles, mostly of large size (whence the name). Notwithstanding their size, they present birdlike characters in the skeleton, especially. In the pelvis and hind limbs. Some walked on their three-toed hind feet, thus producing the large 'bird tracks,' so-called, of mesozoic sandstones; others were …

dinucleoside phosphates
A group of compounds which consist of a nucleotide molecule to which an additional nucleoside is attached through the phosphate molecule(s). The nucleotide can contain any number of phosphates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dinucleotide
A compound containing two nucleotides; e.g., NAD+, ApGp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinucleotide domain
Synonym for dinucleotide fold ... A structural domain in certain proteins that binds NAD+ or NADP+. ... Synonym: dinucleotide domain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinucleotide fold
A structural domain in certain proteins that binds NAD+ or NADP+. ... Synonym: dinucleotide domain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dinucleotide repeats
The most common of the microsatellite tandem repeats (microsatellite repeats) dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes. They consist of two nucleotides, repeated thousands of times; guanine and thymine, (gt)n, is the most frequently seen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diocese
Origin: OE. Diocise, OF. Diocise, F. Diocese, L. Dioecesis, fr. Gr. Housekeeping, administration, a province, a diocese, fr. To keep house, manage; through + to manage a household, a house. See Economy. ... The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction; the district in which a bishop exercises his ecclesiastical authority. [Frequently, but improp …

Dioctophyma
A genus of very large nematode worms infecting the kidney. ... Origin: L. Fr. G. Dionkoo, to distend, + phyma, growth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dioctophyma renale
A large blood red nematode found in the pelvis of the kidney and the peritoneal cavity of the dog; fairly common in wild carnivores like the mink, but rarely found in man; the life cycle is via leeches ectoparasitic on crayfish, which are then eaten by various fishes and finally by man or any of a number of other mammalian fish-eating hosts. ... (05 …

dioctophymatoidea
A superfamily of nematodes of the order enoplida. Characteristics include a well developed cylindrical oesophagus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dioctophymiasis
Infection of animals and rarely humans with the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate
Synonym for docusate calcium ... Calcium salt of bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate;a surface-active agent used in the treatment of constipation as a nonlaxative faecal softener. ... Synonym: dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Synonym for docusate sodium ... Bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate;a surface-active agent used as a dispersing agent in topically applied preparations. After oral administration it lowers the surface tension of the gastrointestinal tract and is used in the treatment of constipation. ... Synonym: dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid
<chemical> All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubiliser used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, excipient, surface-active agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diodon
1. <zoology> A genus of spinose, plectognath fishes, having the teeth of each jaw united into a single beaklike plate. They are able to inflate the body by taking in air or water, and, hence, are called globefishes, swellfishes, etc. Fishes, and sea hedgehogs. ... 2. <zoology> A genus of whales. ... Origin: Gr. = twice +, a tooth: cf. F. …

diodone
Synonym for iodopyracet ... <chemical> An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. ... Pharmacological action: contrast media. ... Chemical name: 1(4H)-Pyridineacetic acid, 3,5-diiodo-4-oxo-, compd. With 2,2'-iminobis(ethanol) (1:1) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diodoquin
Synonym for diiodohydroxyquin ... C9H5I2NO; 5,7-diiodo-8-quinolinol; diiodohydroxyquinoline;an antiprotozoal agent, used in the treatment of intestinal amoebiasis. ... Synonym: diodoquin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioecia
1. <botany> A Linnaean class of plants having the stamens and pistils on different plants. ... 2. <marine biology> A subclass of gastropod mollusks in which the sexes are separate. It includes most of the large marine species, like the conchs, cones, and cowries. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. = twice + a house. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

dioecious
Having the male and female reproductive structures on separate plants. ... Compare: monoecious. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

diogenes
A Greek Cynic philosopher (412?-323 B. C) who lived much in Athens and was distinguished for contempt of the common aims and conditions of life, and for sharp, caustic sayings. ... <zoology> Diogenes' crab, a species of terrestrial hermit crabs (Cenobita Diogenes), abundant in the West Indies and often destructive to crops. Diogenes' tub, the …

Diogenes cup
Synonym for cup of palm ... The palm of the hand when contracted and deepened by the action of the muscles on either side. ... Synonym: Diogenes cup, poculum diogenis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diolamine
USAN-approved contraction for diethanolamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diophantine
Originated or taught by Diophantus, the Greek writer on algebra. ... <mathematics> Diophantine analysis, that branch of indeterminate analysis which has for its object the discovery of rational values that satisfy given equations containing squares or cubes; as, for example, to find values of x and y which make x^2 + y^2 an exact square. ... So …

diopter
<microscopy> An optical unit representing the reciprocal of the focal length (in metres) of a lens, in terms of the metre. A 1 diopter lens has a focal length of 1 metre, a 2-diopter lens has a focal length of 1/2 metre, etc. The diopter expresses the power as in spectacles or other weak lenses. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

dioptric aberration
Synonym for spherical aberration ... <microscopy> A lens defect in which image forming rays passing through the outer zones of the lens focus at a distance from the principal plane, different from that of the rays passing through the centre of the lens. ... The aberration caused by (near-paraxial) monochromatic light rays or electron beams pass …

dioptrical
Of or pertaining to dioptrics; assisting vision by means of the refraction of light; refractive; as, the dioptric system; a dioptric glass or telescope. 'Dioptrical principles. ... <geometry> ' Dioptric curve, a Cartesian oval. See Cartesian. ... Origin: Gr. Belonging to the use of the; = through + the root of I shall see: cf. F. Dioptrique. …

dioptrics
<microscopy> An old term, relating to study of image formation by a lens due to refraction. It is not included in the general term, ego-metrical optics. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

diorthosis
An obsolete term for setting of a fracture or reduction of a dislocation. ... Origin: G. A making straight, fr. Di-orthoo, to make straight, fr. Orthos, straight ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioscin
A steroid saponin found in yams (Dioscorea) and trilliums. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diose
Synonym for glycolaldehyde ... HOCH2CHO;the simplest (2-carbon) sugar; the aerobic deamination product of ethanolamine. ... Synonym: biose, diose. ... Active glycoaldehyde, 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)thiamin pyrophosphate;a derivative formed in carbohydrate metabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diosgenin
<chemical> (25r)-spirost-5-en-3-beta-ol. A steroid sapogenin which is isolated from various plants. Can be converted to ecdysone, pregnenolone, and progesterone. Synonym: nitogenin. ... Chemical name: Spirost-5-en-3-ol, (3beta,25R)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diosmin
<chemical> 3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-7-rutinoside. A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls. ... Synonym: daflon; 4601 se ... Chemical name: 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 7-((6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diovular
Relating to two ova. ... Synonym: biovular. ... Origin: di-+ Mod. L. Ovulum, dim. Of L. Ovum, egg ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diovular twins
Synonym for dizygotic twins ... Dizygotic twins are siblings who have shared a common uterine environment. They are due to fertilization of two different ova by different sperm. Dizygotic twins are also called fraternal twins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diovulatory
Releasing two ova in one ovarian cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioxane
1,4-dioxane;a colourless liquid used as a solvent for cellulose esters and in histology as a drying agent. ... Synonym: 1,4-diethylene dioxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioxanes
1,4-diethylene dioxides. Industrial solvents. According to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985), dioxane itself may 'reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.' (merck index, 11th ed) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dioxin
Any in a family of over 200 chlorinated organic chemicals (allheterocyclic hydrocarbons). The term is most commonly applied to a particular chemical, 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-paradioxin (2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD, simply called TCDD), which is an impurity in the defoliant AgentOrange and in the pesticide 2, 4, 5-T(see auxin). Dioxins are also producedwh …

dioxin dioxygenase
<enzyme> Catalyses initial step of the degradations of dibenzofuan and dibenzo-p-dioxin; isolated from sphingomonas ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dioxins
Heterocyclic hydrocarbons present as trace contaminants in herbicides, especially the chlorinated dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tetrachlorobenzodioxin). Many dioxins are teratogenic and carcinogenic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dioxybenzone
2,2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;an ultraviolet screen for topical application to the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dioxygenase
An oxidoreductase that incorporates two atoms of oxygen (from one molecule of O2) into the (reduced) substrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dip
1. To plunge or immerse; especially, to put for a moment into a liquid; to insert into a fluid and withdraw again. 'The priest shall dip his finger in the blood.' (Lev. Iv. 6) '[Wat'ry fowl] now dip their pinions in the briny deep.' (Pope) 'While the prime swallow dips his wing.' (Tennyson) ... 2. To immerse for baptism; to baptize by immersion. ... …

DIP joints
Synonym for distal interphalangeal joints ... The synovial joint's between the middle and distal phalanges of the fingers and of the toes. ... Synonym: DIP joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dip phenomenon
Complete disappearance of ventricular excitability followed by progressive recovery within a few microseconds at the end of excitation; the muscle as a whole repolarises somewhat inhomogeneously, so that this period is one of special sensitivity to exogenous or endogenous stimuli and reentry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dipeptidase
<enzyme> Cleave preferentially hydrophobic dipeptides; from various bacterial and mammalian sources ... Registry number: EC 3.4.13.11 ... Synonym: renal dipeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dipeptidases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.4.13. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dipeptide
A combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dipeptides
Peptides that on hydrolysis yield two amino acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase
<enzyme> Hydrolytically removes dipeptides from the carboxyl end of low- and high-mol wt peptides ... Registry number: EC 3.4.15.- ... Synonym: dipeptidocarboxypeptidase, peptidyl-dipeptidase dcp ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

dipeptidyl peptidase
A hydrolase occurring in two forms: ... Dipeptidyl peptidase I, dipeptidyl transferase, cleaving dipeptides from the amino end of polypeptides, dipeptidyl peptidase II, with properties similar to those of I, has a different specificity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dipeptidyl peptidases
<enzyme> Dipeptidylpeptide hydrolases. Enzymes which cleave dipeptides from the amino terminal of a polypeptide. Dipeptidyl peptidase I, II, III, IV are known. They hydrolyze the beta-naphthylamides of glycine-arginine, lysine-alanine, arginine-arginine and glycine-proline, respectively. Dipeptidyl peptidase I is cathepsin c. ... Registry numb …

dipeptidyl transferase
Cleaving dipeptides from the amino end of polypeptides. ... See: dipeptidyl peptidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dipetalonema
A filarial nematode parasite of mammalian blood with the vector being a tick or small fly. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dipetalonema infections
Infections with nematodes of the genus dipetalonema. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Dipetalonema reconditum
A filarial species found in dogs, transmitted by fleas and lice, in contrast to the canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, which is transmitted by mosquitoes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dipetalonema streptocerca
Former name for Mansonella streptocerca. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphallus
A rare congenital anomaly in which the penis is partly or completely duplicated; may be symmetrical, or placed one above the other; often there are associated urogenital or other anomalies; occurs when two genital tubercles develop. May also be associated with exstrophy of the urinary bladder. ... Synonym: bifid penis. ... Origin: G. Di-, two, + phal …

diphasic
Occurring in or characterised by two phases or stages. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphasic complex
A complex consisting of both positive and negative deflections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphasic milk fever
tick-borne encephalitis (Central European subtype) ...

diphemanil methylsulfate
4-Diphenylmethylene-1,1-dimethyl piperidinium methyl sulfate;an anticholinergic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphemethoxidine
2-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-piperidineethanol;an anorexigenic drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphenadione
2-Diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione;an orally effective anticoagulant with actions and uses similar to those of bishydroxycoumarin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphenan
P-Benzylphenylcarbamate;used as a vermicide in oxyuriasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphenhydramine
<drug> This antihistamine medication is used to treat allergies (hay fever, rashes, etc.) and postoperative nausea and vomiting. It can cause sleepiness and generally acts as a sedative. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

diphenhydramine hydrochloride
2-(Diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride;an antihistaminic with anticholinergic and sedative properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphenidol
A,alpha-Diphenyl-1-piperidinebutanol;an antiemetic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphenol oxidase
Synonym for catechol oxidase ... <enzyme> An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyses the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. ... Chemical name: 1,2-Benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase ... Registry number: …

diphenoxylate
<chemical> 1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-phenylisonipecotic acid ethyl ester. A meperidine congener used as an antidiarrhoeal, usually in combination with atropine. at high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity. ... Pharmacolog …

diphenoxylate hydrochloride
1-(3-Cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride;an antidiarrhoeal agent, chemically related to meperidine, that inhibits rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle; it has modest addiction liability. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphenyl ether hydroxylase
<enzyme> Uses NADPH ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

diphenylamine
<chemical> In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinaemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning. ... Chemical name: Benzenamine, N-phenyl- ... (12 Dec 1998)
diphenylcarbazide
<chemical> Sym-diphenylcarbazide. Used as an indicator in titrating iron and for the colourimetric determination of chromium and the detection of cadmium, mercury, magnesium, aldehydes, and emetine. ... Pharmacological action: indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: Carbonic dihydrazide, 2,2'-diphenyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

diphenylchlorarsine
(C6H5)2A5Cl;a sternutator, inhalation of which causes violent sneezing, cough, salivation, headache, and retrosternal pain; a common vomiting agent used in mob and riot control. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

diphenylcyanoarsine
A common vomiting agent used for mob and riot control. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...