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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

disassimilation
<physics> The decomposition of complex substances, within the organism, into simpler ones suitable only for excretion, with evolution of energy, a normal nutritional process the reverse of assimilation; downward metabolism. 'The breaking down of already existing chemical compounds into simpler ones, sometimes called disassimilation.' (Martin) …

disassociation
Synonym for dissociation ... 1. The act of separating or state of being separated. ... 2. <chemistry> The separation of a molecule into two or more fragments (atoms, molecules, ions or free radicals) produced by the absorption of light or thermal energy or by solvation. ... 3. <psychology> A defense mechanism in which a group of mental pro …

disaster
1. An unpropitious or baleful aspect of a planet or star; malevolent influence of a heavenly body; hence, an ill portent. 'Disasters in the sun.' (Shak) ... 2. An adverse or unfortunate event, especially. A sudden and extraordinary misfortune; a calamity; a serious mishap. 'But noble souls, through dust and heat, Rise from disaster and defeat The st …

disaster planning
Procedures outlined for the care of casualties and the maintenance of services in disasters. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disaster supplies kit
You and your family can cope best by preparing for disaster before it strikes. One way to prepare is by assembling a Disaster Supplies Kit. Once disaster hits, you won't have time to shop or search for supplies. But if you've gathered supplies in advance, your family can endure an evacuation or home confinement. For useful information, see the Medi …

disavow
1. To refuse strongly and solemnly to own or acknowledge; to deny responsibility for, approbation of, an the like; to disclaim; to disown; as, he was charged with embezzlement, but he disavows the crime. 'A solemn promise made and disavowed.' (Dryden) ... 2. To deny; to show the contrary of; to disprove. 'Yet can they never Toss into air the freedom …

disc
<plant biology> A plate or rim of tissue, derived from the receptacle of a flower, occurring between whorls of floral parts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

disc electrophoresis
Short for discontinuous electrophoresis, it is a type of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This electrophoresis method uses gels of two different concentrations of polyacrylamide (a synthetic polymer), the one of lower concentration stacked on top of the one with higher concentration, in order to better resolve bands of whatever is being separate …

disc flower
The radially symmetrical flowers in the family Compositae, as distinguished from the ligulate ray flowers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

disc gel
Confusingly, nothing to do with shape, gels in which there is a discontinuity in pH or gel concentration or buffer composition. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

disc sequestration
<radiology> Complete separation of disc material with rupture through posterior longitudinal ligament into the epidural space; free fragment herniation findings: migration superiorly/inferiorly with compression of nerve roots above/below the level of herniation, disc material noted more than 9mm from disc space Differential diagnosis: postope …

discadenine synthetase
<enzyme> Synthesised from isopentenyladenine by transfer of 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl group from s adenosylmethionine (dictyostelium discoideum) ... Registry number: EC 2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

discectomy
<procedure> Excision, in part or whole, of an intervertebral disk. ... Synonym: discotomy. ... Origin: disco-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discernment
1. The act of discerning. ... 2. The power or faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one thing from another; power of viewing differences in objects, and their relations and tendencies; penetrative and discriminate mental vision; acuteness; sagacity; insight; as, the errors of youth often proceed from the want of discernment. ... Synonym: Judg …

discharge
1. To relieve of a charge, load, or burden; to empty of a load or cargo; to unburden; to unload; as, to discharge a vessel. ... 2. To free of the missile with which anything is charged or loaded; to let go the charge of; as, to discharge a bow, catapult, etc.; especially, said of firearms, to fire off; to shoot off; also, to relieve from a state of …

discharge of fill material
The addition of fill material into waters of the U.S. The term generally includes, without limitation, the following activities: placement of fill that is necessary for the construction of any structure in a water of the U.S., the building of any structure or impoundment requiring rock, sand, dirt, or other material for its construction, site-devel …

discharging tubule
A urinary tubule formed by the union of several collecting tubule's and terminating as a papillary duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dische reaction
The assay of DNA by means of the blue colour formed with diphenylamine in acid (Dische reagent). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dische reagent
Synonym for Dische reaction ... The assay of DNA by means of the blue colour formed with diphenylamine in acid (Dische reagent). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dische-Schwarz reagent
Reagent used in the colourimetric detection of RNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dische, Zacharias
<person> 20th century Austrian-U.S. Biochemist, *1895. ... See: Dische reaction, Dische reagent, Dische-Schwarz reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dischronation
A disturbance in the consciousness of time. ... Origin: L. Dis-, apart, + G. Chronos, time ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disci
Plural of discus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disciform
Disk-shaped. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disciform degeneration
Foveal or parafoveal subretinal neovascularization with retinal separation and haemorrhage leading finally to a circular mass of fibrous tissue with marked loss of visual acuity. ... Synonym: disciform macular degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disciform keratitis
Large disk-shaped infiltration of the central or paracentral corneal stroma. This lesion is deep and nonsuppurative and is seen in virus infections, particularly herpetic. ... Synonym: keratitis disciformis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disciform macular degeneration
Synonym for disciform degeneration ... Foveal or parafoveal subretinal neovascularization with retinal separation and haemorrhage leading finally to a circular mass of fibrous tissue with marked loss of visual acuity. ... Synonym: disciform macular degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discipline
1. The treatment suited to a disciple or learner; education; development of the faculties by instruction and exercise; training, whether physical, mental, or moral. 'Wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity.' (Bacon) 'Discipline aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of good ones, especially those of order, regularity, …

discission
1. Incision or cutting through a part. ... 2. In ophthalmology, opening of the capsule and breaking up of the cortex of the lens with a needle knife or laser. ... Origin: L. Di-scindo, pp. -scissus, to tear asunder ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discitis
Inflammation of an intervertebral disk or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps n …

disclosing solution
A solution that selectively stains all soft debris, pellicle, and bacterial plaque on teeth; used as an aid in identifying bacterial plaque after rinsing with water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disclosure
1. The act of disclosing, uncovering, or revealing; bringing to light; exposure. 'He feels it [his secret] beating at his heart, rising to his throat, and demanding disclosure.' (D. Webster) ... 2. That which is disclosed or revealed. 'Were the disclosures of 1695 forgotten?' (Macaulay) ... See: Disclose, and cf. Closure. ... Source: Websters Dictiona …

disco-
Disc- ... A disk; disk-shaped. ... Origin: G. Diskos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discoblastula
A blastula of the type produced by the meroblastic discoidal cleavage of a large-yolked ovum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discogastrula
A gastrula of the type formed after the discoidal cleavage of a large-yolked ovum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discogenic
Denoting a disorder originating in or from an intervertebral disk. ... Origin: disco-+ G. Genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discoid
Shaped like a disk. ... Origin: Gr. Diskos = disk ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

discoid lupus erythematosus
A form of lupus erythematosus in which cutaneous lesions are present; these commonly appear on the face and are atrophic plaques with erythema, hyperkeratosis, follicular plugging, and telangiectasia; in some instances systemic lupus erythematosis may develop. ... Synonym: chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discoidal cleavage
Meroblastic cleavage limited to the small cap (animal pole) of protoplasm of large-yolked eggs, such as the telolecithal eggs of birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discoidin
<protein> A lectin, isolated from the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, that has a binding site for carbohydrate residues related to galactose. The lectin, that consists of two distinct species (discoidins I and II), is synthesised as the cells differentiate from vegetative to aggregation phase and was originally thought to be in …

discolourous
Of different colours, of leaves, having the two surfaces different in colour. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

disconjugate
Not paired in action or joined together; the opposite of conjugate. ... See: disconjugate movement of eyes. ... Origin: L. Dis-, apart, + jugatus, yoked ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disconjugate movement of eyes
Rotation of the two eyes in opposite directions, as in convergence or divergence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disconnection syndrome
<syndrome> General term for various neurological disorders due to interruption of fibre pathways of the cerebrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discontinuation test
A test to determine whether a certain drug is responsible for a reaction by observation of a remission of symptoms following cessation of its use. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discontinuous
1. Not continuous; interrupted; broken off. 'A path that is zigzag, discontinuous, and intersected at every turn by human negligence.' (De Quincey) ... 2. Exhibiting a dissolution of continuity; gaping. 'Discontinuous wound. ... <mathematics>' Discontinuous function, a function which for certain values or between certain values of the variable …

discontinuous culture
A technique for production of microbes or microbial products in which the organisms are grown in a closed system until one nutrient factor becomes rate-limiting. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discontinuous phase
Synonym for internal phase ... The particles contained in a colloid solution. ... Synonym: discontinuous phase, dispersed phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discontinuous sterilization
Synonym for fractional sterilization ... Exposure to a temperature of 100°C (flowing steam) for a definite period, usually an hour, on each of several days; at each heating the developed bacteria are destroyed; spores, which are unaffected, germinate during the intervening periods and are subsequently destroyed. ... Synonym: discontinuous sterilizati …

discopathy
Disease of a disk, particularly of an invertebral disk. ... Origin: disco-+ G. Pathos, disease ... Traumatic cervical discopathy, an injury characterised by fissuration, laceration and/or fragmentation of a cervical disk or surrounding ligaments, with or without displacement of fragments against spinal cord, nerve roots, or ligaments. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

discoplacenta
A placenta of discoid shape. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discord
1. Want of concord or agreement; absence of unity or harmony in sentiment or action; variance leading to contention and strife; disagreement; applied to persons or to things, and to thoughts, feelings, or purposes. 'A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.' (Prov. Vi. 19) 'Peace to arise out of universal discor …

discordance
Dissociation of two characteristics in the members of a sample from a population; used as a measure of dependence. ... Compare: concordance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discordant
1. Disagreeing; incongruous; being at variance; clashing; opposing; not harmonious. 'The discordant elements out of which the emperor had compounded his realm did not coalesce.' (Motley) ... 2. [See Discord. ... 2. ... Dissonant; not in harmony or musical concord; harsh; jarring; as, discordant notes or sounds. 'For still their music seemed to start D …

discordant alternans
Presence of right ventricular and pulmonary artery alternans with peripheral pulsus alternans, but with the strong beat of the right ventricle coinciding with the weak beat of the left and vice versa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discordant alternation
The alternation in cardiac activities of either the systemic or the pulmonary circulations, but not of both, or in both but oppositely directed in each. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discordant thyroid nodule
<radiology> Hot on Tc-99m pertechnetate, cold on I-123 or I-131, indicates trapping, but no organification, same work-up as cold nodule ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

discotomy
Synonym: discectomy. ... Origin: disco-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discount rate
A rate used to convert future costs or benefits to their present value. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

discounting
A method of converting future dollars into present values, accounting for interest costs or forgone investment income. Used to convert a future payment into a value that is equivalent to a payment now. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

discourage
1. To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject; the opposite of encourage; as, he was discouraged in his undertaking; he need not be discouraged from a like attempt. 'Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged.' (Col. Iii. 21) ... 2. To dishearten one with res …

discouragement
1. The act of discouraging, or the state of being discouraged; depression or weakening of confidence; dejection. ... 2. That which discourages; that which deters, or tends to deter, from an undertaking, or from the prosecution of anything; a determent; as, the revolution was commenced under every possible discouragement. 'Discouragements from vice.' …

discover
1. To uncover. 'Whether any man hath pulled down or discovered any church.' (Abp. Grindal) ... 2. To disclose; to lay open to view; to make visible; to reveal; to make known; to show (what has been secret, unseen, or unknown). 'Go, draw aside the curtains, and discover The several caskets to this noble prince.' (Shak) 'Prosperity doth best discover …

discovery
1. The action of discovering; exposure to view; laying open; showing; as, the discovery of a plot. ... 2. A making known; revelation; disclosure; as, a bankrupt is bound to make a full discovery of his assets. 'In the clear discoveries of the next [world]' (South) ... 3. Finding out or ascertaining something previously unknown or unrecognised; as, Ha …

discrete
1. Separate; distinct; disjunct. ... 2. Disjunctive; containing a disjunctive or discretive clause; as, 'I resign my life, but not my honor,' is a discrete proposition. ... 3. <botany> Separate; not coalescent; said of things usually coalescent. Discrete movement. See Concrete movement of the voice, under Concrete, Discrete proportion, proporti …

discrete character
Synonym for denumerable character ... Classifiable character that is also countable (e.g., number of progeny, number of teeth). ... Synonym: discrete character. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discrete random variable
A random variable that may assume a countable number of values, each with a probability strictly greater than zero. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discrete smallpox
The usual form in which the lesions are separate and distinct from each other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discrete time model
<epidemiology> A model in which the system jumps from one state to the next at fixed intervals or timesteps. These difference models are simple to understand but often difficult to analyse; Contrast continuous time models. ... The parameters in such a model refer to the amount of change over the finite timestep; they are sometimes referred to …

discrete variable
A variable that may assume only a countable (usually finite) number of values. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discriminant analysis
A statistical analytic technique used with discrete dependent variables, concerned with separating sets of observed values and allocating new values. It is sometimes used instead of regression analysis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

discriminant function
A particular combination of continuous variable test results designed to achieve separation of groups; e.g., a single number representing a combination of weighted laboratory test results designed to discriminate between clinical classes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discriminant stimulus
A stimulus which can be differentiated from all other stimulus in the environment because it has been, and continues to serve as, an indicator of a potential reinforcer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discrimination
<psychology> Differential response to different stimuli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

discrimination learning
Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

discus
1. A quoit; a circular plate of some heavy material intended to be pitched or hurled as a trial of strength and skill. The exercise with the discus. ... This among the Greeks was one of the chief gymnastic exercises and was included in the Pentathlon (the contest of the five exercises). The chief contest was that of throwing the discus to the greate …

discus articularis
Synonym for articular disc ... A plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones for a varying distance, sometimes completely; it serves to adapt two articular surfaces that are not entirely congruent. ... Synonym: discus articularis, articular disk, fibrocartilago interarticularis, fib …

discus articularis radioulnaris
Synonym for articular disc of distal radioulnar joint ... The disk that holds together the distal ends of the radius and ulna; it is attached by its apex to a depression between the styloid process and distal surface of the head of the ulna, and by its base to the ridge separating the ulnar notch from the carpal surface of the radius. ... Synonym: di …

discus interpubicus
Synonym for interpubic disc ... The disk of fibrocartilage that unites the pubic bones at the pubic symphysis. ... Synonym: discus interpubicus, interpubic disk, lamina fibrocartilaginea interpubica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discus intervertebralis
Synonym for intervertebral disc ... <anatomy> The intervertebral discs or nucleus pulposus are a fibro-cartilaginous disc that lie between the vertebral bodies in the spine. ... These disks are composed of a central gelatinous-like material that provide a cushioning or shock absorbing quality to the spinal column to axial stress. Discs may hern …

discus lentiformis
Rarely used term for subthalamic nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discus nervi optici
Synonym for optic disk ... The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve. Because the retina at the optic disk has no photoreceptors there is a corresponding blind spot in the visual field. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

discus proligerus
Synonym for cumulus oophorus ... A mass of epithelial cells surrounding the ovum in the ovarian follicle. ... Synonym: discus proligerus, ovigerus, proligerous disk, proligerous membrane. ... Origin: NA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

discuss
1. To break to pieces; to shatter. ... 2. To break up; to disperse; to scatter; to dissipate; to drive away; said especially of tumours. 'Many arts were used to discuss the beginnings of new affection.' (Sir H. Wotton) 'A pomade . . . Of virtue to discuss pimples.' (Rambler) ... 3. To shake; to put away; to finish. 'All regard of shame she had discus …

discussion
1. The act or process of discussing by breaking up, or dispersing, as a tumour, or the like. ... 2. The act of discussing or exchanging reasons; examination by argument; debate; disputation; agitation. 'The liberty of discussion is the great safeguard of all other liberties. ... <mathematics>' (Macaulay) Discussion of a problem or an equation, …

disease
1. Lack of ease; uneasiness; trouble; vexation; disquiet. 'So all that night they passed in great disease.' (Spenser) 'To shield thee from diseases of the world.' (Shak) ... 2. An alteration in the state of the body or of some of its organs, interrupting or disturbing the performance of the vital functions, and causing or threatening pain and weakne …

disease determinants
Any variables that directly or indirectly influence the frequency of occurrence and/or the distribution of any given disease; they include specific disease agents, host characteristics, and environmental factors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

disease management
A broad approach to appropriate coordination of the entire disease treatment process that often involves shifting away from more expensive inpatient and acute care to areas such as preventive medicine, patient counseling and education, and outpatient care. This concept includes implications of appropriate versus inappropriate therapy on the overall …

disease models, animal
Animal disease whose pathologic mechanisms are sufficiently similar to those of a different human disease for the animal disease to serve as a model. The animal disease may be either induced or naturally occurring so long as it is not the same clinical entity as the disease for which it serves as a model. E.g., scrapie is an animal model for multip …

disease notification
Notification or reporting by a physician or other health care provider of the occurrence of specified contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV infections to designated public health agencies. The united states system of reporting notifiable diseases evolved from the quarantine act of 1878, which authorised the us public health service to co …

disease outbreaks
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes epidemics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease progression
The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease reservoirs
Animate or inanimate sources which harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs should be distinguished from vectors and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease susceptibility
A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease transmission
The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal (disease transmission, horizontal) or vertical (disease transmission, vertical). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease transmission, horizontal
The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one individual to another in the same generation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease transmission, vertical
The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease vectors
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another. For human vectors the preferred term is carrier state. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease-free survival
Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

disease, addison's
Long-term underfunction of the outer portion of the adrenal gland. In medical terms, chronic insufficiency of the adrenal cortex. This may be due to a number of different insults to the adrenal including physical trauma, haemorrhage, and tuberculosis of the adrenal, and destruction of the cells in the pituitary gland that secrete ACTH (adrenocortic …