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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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domoic acid<biochemistry> An excitatory amino acid transmitter. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...
domperidone<chemical> A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms. ... Pharmacological action: antiemetics, dopamine antagonists. ... Chemical name: 2H-Benzimidazol-2-one, 5-chloro-1-(1-(3-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimi …
Don JuanIn psychiatry, a term used to denote males with compulsive sexual or romantic overactivity, usually with a succession of female partners. ... Origin: Legendary Spanish nobleman. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donath-landsteiner<investigation> A serologic blood test used to detect antibody in serum in cases of suspected paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria. ... The antibody is directed toward the P-antigen complex which is located on the surface of red blood cells. In some way, cold temperatures trigger the antibody to bind to this site. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...
Donath-Landsteiner phenomenonThe haemolysis which results in a sample of blood of a subject of paroxysmal haemoglobinuria when the sample is cooled to around 5°C and then warmed again. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donath, Julius<person> German physician, 1870-1950. ... See: Donath-Landsteiner phenomenon, Donath-Landsteiner cold autoantibody, Landsteiner-Donath test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
donative1. A gift; a largess; a gratuity; a present. 'The Romans were entertained with shows and donatives.' ... 2. A benefice conferred on a person by the founder or patron, without either presentation or institution by the ordinary, or induction by his orders. See the Note under Benefice. ... 3. ... Origin: L. Donativum, fr. Donare: cf. F. Donatif. See Dona …
Donders, Franz<person> Dutch ophthalmologist, 1818-1889. ... See: Donders' glaucoma, Donders' law, Donders' pressure, Donders' rings, space of Donders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donders' glaucomaAn obsolete eponym for open-angle glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donders' lawThe rotation of the eyeball is determined by the distance of the object from the median plane and the line of the horizon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donders' pressureAn increase of about 6 mm Hg shown by a manometer connected with the trachea when the thorax of the dead body is opened; it is caused by the collapse of the lungs when air is admitted to the thorax. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donders' ringsAn obsolete term for the iridescent ring's or haloes observed by a cloudy cornea due to acute glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
donkeyOrigin: Prob. Dun, in allusion to the colour of the animal + a dim. Termination. ... 1. An ass; or (less frequently) a mule. ... 2. A stupid or obstinate fellow; an ass. Donkey engine, a small auxiliary engine not used for propelling, but for pumping water into the boilers, raising heavy weights, and like purposes. Donkey pump, a steam pump for feedi …
Donnan equilibriumAn equilibrium established between a charged, immobile colloid (such as clay, ion exchange resin or cytoplasm) and a solution of electrolyte. ... Characteristics: ions of like charge to the colloid tend to be excluded, ions of opposite charge tend to be attracted, the colloid compartment is electrically polarized relative to the solution in the same …
Donnan, Frederick<person> English physical chemist, 1870-1956. ... See: Donnan equilibrium, Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donne, Alfred<person> French physician, 1801-1878. ... See: Donne's corpuscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donne's corpuscleSynonym for colostrum corpuscle ... One of numerous bodies present in the colostrum, supposed to be modified leukocytes containing fat droplets. ... Synonym: Donne's corpuscle, galactoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donohue, William<person> Canadian pathologist, *1906. ... See: Donohue's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donohue's diseaseSynonym for leprechaunism ... A congenital form of dwarfism characterised by extreme growth retardation, endocrine disorders, and emaciation, with elfin facies and large low-set ears; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: Donohue's disease, Donohue's syndrome. ... Origin: Irish leprechaun, elf ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donohue's syndromeSynonym for leprechaunism ... A congenital form of dwarfism characterised by extreme growth retardation, endocrine disorders, and emaciation, with elfin facies and large low-set ears; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: Donohue's disease, Donohue's syndrome. ... Origin: Irish leprechaun, elf ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
donor<biology> An individual organism that supplies living tissue to be used in another body, as a person who furnished blood for transfusion or an organ for transplantation in a histocompatible recipient. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...
donor inseminationSynonym for heterologous insemination ... Artificial insemination with semen from a donor who is not the woman's husband. ... Synonym: donor insemination. ... Homologous insemination, artificial insemination with the husband's semen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
donor splice junction<molecular biology> The junction between an exon and an intron at the 5' end of the intron. When the intron is removed during processing of hnRNA the donor junction is spliced to the acceptor junction at the 3' end of the intron. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...
Donovan, Charles<person> Irish surgeon, 1863-1951. ... See: Donovan's bodies, Leishman-Donovan body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Donovan's bodiesClusters of blue or black staining, bipolar chromatin condensations in large mononuclear cells in granulation tissue infected with Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
donovanosis<infectious disease> A rare sexually transmitted disease that is caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. This infection is more common in the tropical and subtropical areas such as India, Guyana and new Guinea. There are approximately 100 cases reported annually in the United States. Men are affected more often than women. It is thought to …
Doose syndrome<syndrome> A rare familial type of primary, generalised myoclonic astatic epilepsy characterised by 2 to 3 or 4 to 6 Hz spike and wave complexes in the EEG; the condition usually responds to medication. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Doose, H<person> 20th century German paediatrician and epileptologist. ... See: Doose syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dopaAn amino acid derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It is formed as the first intermediate in the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
dopa decarboxylase<enzyme> One of the aromatic-l-amino-acid decarboxylases, this enzyme is responsible for the conversion of dopa to dopamine. It is of clinical importance in the treatment of parkinson's disease. ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
DOPA dioxygenase<enzyme> Key enzyme in betalain biosynthesis pathway of amanita muscaria; genbank y12886 ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... Synonym: dopa-4,5-dioxygenase, doda gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
dopa oxidaseProvisional name given the enzyme(s) catalyzing the formation of melanins from dopa; it now appears that the copper-containing monophenol monooxygenases and/or catechol oxidases are responsible for the oxidation of l-tyrosine to dopa and dopa quinone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dopa quinoneAn oxidation product of dopa and an intermediate in the formation of melanin from tyrosine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dopa reactionA dark staining observed in fresh tissue sections to which a solution of dopa has been applied, presumably due to the presence of dopa oxidase in the protoplasm of certain cells. ... Synonym: Bloch's reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dopa-responsive dystoniaA condition successfully treated with drugs. Typically, DRD begins in childhood or adolescence with progressive difficulty in walking and, in some cases, spasticity. Segawa's dystonia is an important variant of DRD. In Segawa's dystonia, the symptoms fluctuate during the day from relative mobility in the morning to increasingly worse disability in …
Dopa-tyrosine sulfotransferase<enzyme> Active towards tyrosine and dopa isomers except dl-ortho-tyrosine; isolated from rat liver; genbank u38419 ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
dopachrome oxidoreductase<enzyme> Decarboxylates and converts dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole; does not convert the latter to indole-5,6-quinone; found in human and mouse hairbulbs; proposed EC 5.3.2.3 ... Registry number: EC 5.3.2.- ... Synonym: dopachrome conversion factor, indole blocking factor, dopachrome tautomerase, tyrosinase-related protein-2, trp-2, dopachr …
dopamine<drug> A catecholamine neurotransmitter and hormone (153 D), formed by decarboxylation of dehydroxyphenylalanine (dopa). A precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. ... Pharmacologic action: 1. Precursor of norepinephrine 2. Stimulates dopaminergic, alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors: 3. Dopaminergic (1-2 mcg/kg per min): cerebral, renal, …
dopamine agentsAny drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
dopamine agonistsDrugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
dopamine antagonistsDrugs that bind to but do not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (antipsychotic agents) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of bl …
dopamine beta-hydroxylase<enzyme> Chemical name: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine, ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating) ... Registry number: EC 1.14.17.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
dopamine beta-monooxygenaseA copper-containing enzyme catalyzing oxidation of ascorbate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine simultaneously by O2 to yield norepinephrine, dehydroascorbate, and water; a crucial step in catecholamine metabolism. ... Synonym: dopamine beta-hydroxylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dopamine hydrochlorideA biogenic amine and neural transmitter substance, used as a vasopressor agent for treatment of shock. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dopamine uptake inhibitorsDrugs that block the transport of dopamine into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. most of the adrenergic uptake inhibitors also inhibit dopamine uptake. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
dopaminergicRelating to nerve cells or fibres that employ dopamine as their neurotransmitter. ... Origin: dopamine + G. Ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dopaminergic systemThe system of nerve cells that uses dopamine asits neurotransmitter. ... (22 May 1997) ...
dope1. Any drug, either stimulating or depressing, administered for its temporary effect, or taken habitually or addictively. ... 2. To administer or take such a drug. ... Origin: Dutch, doop, sauce ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
doping(Dutch doop, sauce) the action of administering a drug to someone before a sports event (originally to a horse before a race), the substance thus administered. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
doping in sportsIllegitimate use of drugs for a desired effect in competitive sports; includes humans and animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
dopplerThe use of an augmented listening device for the purpose of detecting the pulse in an extremity. Use in the evaluation of peripheral (occlusive) vascular disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
doppler broadening<radiobiology> Frequency spreading which causes broadening of single-frequency radiation (for example, spectral lines) when the radiating bodies (atoms, molecules, etc.) have different velocities. Radiation from each individual radiating body has a different Doppler shift, and the collection of radiations at different frequencies broadens the …
Doppler colour flowA computer-generated colour image produced by Doppler ultrasonography in which different directions of flow are represented by different hues. ... This technique is typically used to examine blood flow when evaluating heart disease. Where obstructions (for instance, arterial plaques) exist, blood flow will alter according to the principles of fluid …
Doppler echocardiographyUse of Doppler ultrasonography techniques to augment two-dimensional echocardiography by allowing velocities to be registered within the echocardiographic image. ... See: duplex ultrasonography, Doppler ultrasonography. ... Synonym: duplex echocardiography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
doppler effect<radiobiology> Variation in the frequency of a wave (as measured by an observer) due to relative motion between the observer and the source of the wave. (The observed frequency increases if the source is moving towards the observer and vice versa.) The equation can be found in most optics texts and many introductory physics texts. ... (09 Oct …
Doppler phenomenonSynonym for doppler effect ... <radiobiology> Variation in the frequency of a wave (as measured by an observer) due to relative motion between the observer and the source of the wave. (The observed frequency increases if the source is moving towards the observer and vice versa.) The equation can be found in most optics texts and many introduct …
doppler shift<radiobiology> The amount of change in the observed frequency of a wave due to the Doppler effect, sometimes called the Doppler frequency. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Doppler ultrasonographyApplication of the Doppler effect in ultrasound to detect movement of scatterers (usually red blood cells) by the analysis of the change in frequency of the returning echoes.In many instances, ultrasound has supplanted x-radiography as the imaging method of choice, because it poses no risk to patients, is noninvasive, and of moderate cost. Doppler- …
Doppler, Christian<person> Austrian mathematician and physicist in U.S., 1803-1853. ... See: Doppler echocardiography, Doppler effect, Doppler phenomenon, Doppler shift, Doppler ultrasonography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dor<zoology> A large European scaraboid beetle (Geotrupes stercorarius), which makes a droning noise while flying. The name is also applied to allied American species, as the June bug. ... Synonym: dorr, dorbeetle, or dorrbeetle, dorbug, dorrfly, and buzzard clock. ... Origin: Cf. AS. Dora drone, locust, D. Tor beetle, L. Taurus a kind of beetle. …
Dor procedureSynonym for Jatene procedure ... A method of repairing congenital tunnel-type subaortic stenosis and narrowing of the left ventricular-aortic junction by aortoventriculoplasty and prosthetic valve replacement. ... Synonym: Dor procedure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
doraphobiaMorbid fear of touching the skin or fur of animals. ... Origin: G. Dora, hide, skin, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorello, P<person> Italian anatomist, *1872. ... See: Dorello's canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorello's canalA bony canal sometimes found at the tip of the temporal bone enclosing the abducens nerve and inferior petrosal sinus as these two structures enter the cavernous sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorendorf, H<person> German physician, *1866. ... See: Dorendorf's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorendorf's sign<clinical sign> Fullness of one supraclavicular groove in aneurysm of the aortic arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome<syndrome> Congenital ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, and variable involvement of other organ systems. ... Synonym: neutral lipid storage disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorfman, Maurice<person> 20th century Israeli dermatologist. ... See: Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
doric1. Pertaining to Doris, in ancient Greece, or to the Dorians; as, the Doric dialect. ... 2. Belonging to, or resembling, the oldest and simplest of the three orders of architecture used by the Greeks, but ranked as second of the five orders adopted by the Romans. See Abacus, Capital, Order. ... This order is distinguished, according to the treatment …
Doring, G<person> German neurologist. ... See: Pette-Doring disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dormancyA period in which a plant does not grow, awaiting necessary environmentalconditions such as temperature, moisture, nutrient availability, etc. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
dormantA large beam in the roof of a house upon which portions of the other timbers rest or ' sleep.' . Called also dormant tree, dorman tree, dormond, and dormer. ... See: Dormant. ... 1. Sleeping; as, a dormant animal; hence, not in action or exercise; quiescent; at rest; in abeyance; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on; as, dormant passions; dormant …
dormouseOrigin: Perh. Fr. F. Dormir to sleep (Prov. E. Dorm to doze) + E. Mouse; or perh. Changed fr. F. Dormeuse, fem, a sleeper, though not found in the sense of a dormouse. ... <zoology> A small European rodent of the genus Myoxus, of several species. They live in trees and feed on nuts, acorns, etc.; so called because they are usually torpid in wi …
dornaseAn obsolete contraction of deoxyribonuclease. ... See: streptodornase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorno raysThe ultraviolet ray's with wavelengths below 289 nm; those biologically active. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Dorno, Carl<person> Swiss climatologist, 1865-1942. ... See: Dorno rays. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
doromania<psychiatry> An abnormal desire to give presents. ... Origin: G. Doron, gift, + mania, insanity ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsaPlural of dorsum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsabdominalRelating to the back and the abdomen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal1. Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. ... 2. Denoting a position more toward the back surface than some other object of reference, same as posterior in human anatomy, superior in the anatomy of quadrupeds. ... Origin: L. Dorsalis, from dorsum = back ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
dorsal accessory olivary nucleusA detached part of the olivary nucleus dorsal to the latter's main body. ... Synonym: nucleus olivaris accessorius dorsalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal artery of clitorisOne of the two terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery in the female, the other being the deep artery of the clitoris. ... Synonym: arteria dorsalis clitoridis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal artery of footSynonym for dorsalis pedis artery ... <anatomy, artery> Continuation of anterior tibial artery after crossing ankle; branches, lateral tarsal, arcuate, dorsal metatarsal; a continuation of the anterior tibial; anastomoses, with the lateral plantar to form the plantar arch. ... Synonym: arteria dorsalis pedis, dorsal artery of foot. ... (05 Mar 2 …
dorsal artery of noseSynonym for dorsal nasal artery ... Origin, ophthalmic; external artery of the nose; distribution, skin of side of root of nose; anastomoses, angular artery. ... Synonym: arteria dorsalis nasi, arteria nasi externa, dorsal artery of nose, external artery of nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal artery of penisThe dorsal terminal branch of the internal pudendal artery in the male. ... Synonym: arteria dorsalis penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal branchSynonym for dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the de …
dorsal branch of the lumbar artery<anatomy, artery> Terminal branch (with ventral branch) of the 4-5 lumbar arteries, distributed to lumbar portion of back, posterior vertebral column, and spinal cord and environs. ... Synonym: ramus dorsalis arteriae lumbalium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve<anatomy, nerve> Branch arising from the ulnar nerve proximal to the wrist for distribution to the medial side of the dorsum of the hand and proximal portion of the little finger and medial side of ring finger. ... Synonym: rami dorsales nervi ulnaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament<anatomy> See: bifurcate ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal callosal veinSynonym for vena corporis callosi dorsalis ... It originates on the superior surface of the corpus callosum and runs posteriorly to terminate in the great cerebral vein. ... Synonym: dorsal callosal vein, dorsal vein of corpus callosum, posterior marginal vein, posterior pericallosal vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal carpal ligamentSynonym for extensor retinaculum ... A strong fibrous band formed as a thickening of the antebrachial deep fascia, stretching obliquely across the back of the wrist, attaching deeply to ridges on the dorsal aspect of the radius, triquetral and pisiform bones, binding down the extensor tendons of the fingers and thumb. ... Synonym: retinaculum extenso …
dorsal carpal networkA vascular network over the dorsal surface of the carpal joints, formed by anastomoses of branches of the anterior and posterior interosseous, and dorsal carpal branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. ... Synonym: rete carpi dorsale, rete carpi posterius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal carpometacarpal ligamentsFibrous bands that connect the dorsal surfaces of the carpal and metacarpal bones. ... Synonym: ligamentum carpometacarpalia dorsalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal column of spinal cordSynonym for posterior column ... The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of gray matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord, corresponding to the posterior or dorsal horn appearing in transverse sections of the cord. ... Synonym: columna posterior, dorsal column of spinal cord, posterior column of spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal column stimulationElectrical stimulation, either percutaneously or by direct application of electrodes to the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament<anatomy> The ligament that unites the dorsal surfaces of the cuboid and navicular bones of the tarsus. ... Synonym: ligamentum cuboideonaviculare dorsale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal cuneocuboid ligament<anatomy> The fibrous band that unites the dorsal margins of the lateral cuneiform and cuboid bones. ... Synonym: ligamentum cuneocuboideum dorsale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal cuneonavicular ligamentsSeveral ligaments connecting the dorsal surface of the navicular with the three cuneiform bones. ... Synonym: ligamenta cuneonavicularia dorsalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal digital artery<anatomy, artery> One of the collateral digital branches of the dorsal metatarsal arteries in the foot, and/or of the dorsal metacarpal arteries in the hand. ... Synonym: arteria digitalis dorsalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
dorsal digital nervesSynonym for dorsal digital nerves of hand ... Terminal branches of the radial and ulnar nerves in the hand supplying the skin of the dorsal surface of the proximal and middle phalanges of the fingers. ... Synonym: nervi digitales dorsales, dorsal digital nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
