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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

doughty
Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero. 'Sir Thopas wex [grew] a doughty swain.' (Chaucer) 'Doughty families, hugging old musty quarrels to their hearts, buffet each other from generation to generation.' (Motley) ... Now seldom used, except in irony or burlesque. ... Origin: OE. Duhti, dohti, douhti, brave, valiant, fit, useful, AS, d …

Douglas abscess
Suppuration in Douglas pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas bag
A large bag in which expired gas is collected for several minutes to determine oxygen consumption in humans under conditions of actual work. ... Origin: C.G. Douglas ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas graft
An obsolete eponym for sieve graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas mechanism
Mechanism of spontaneous evolution in transverse lie; extreme lateral flexion of the vertebral column with birth of the lateral aspect of thorax before the buttocks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas, Beverly
<person> U.S. Surgeon, *1891. ... See: Douglas graft. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas, Claude
<person> English physiologist, 1882-1963. ... See: Douglas bag. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas, James
<person> Scottish anatomist in London, 1675-1742. ... See: Douglas abscess, Douglas' cul-de-sac, Douglas' fold, Douglas' line, Douglas' pouch, cavum douglasi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas, John
<person> Irish obstetrician, 1777-1850. ... See: Douglas' spontaneous evolution, Douglas mechanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas' cul-de-sac
Synonym for rectouterine pouch ... <anatomy> A pocket formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the rectum to the uterus. ... Synonym: excavatio rectouterina, cavum douglasi, cul-de-sac, Douglas' cul-de-sac, Douglas' pouch, pouch of Douglas, rectovaginouterine pouch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Douglas' fold
Synonym for sacrouterine fold ... A fold of peritoneum, containing the rectouterine muscle, passing from the sacrum to the base of the broad ligament on either side, forming the lateral boundary of the rectouterine (Douglas') pouch. ... Synonym: plica rectouterina, Douglas' fold, Jarjavay's ligament, Petit's ligament, rectouterine fold, uterosacral l …

Douglas' line
Synonym for arcuate line of rectus sheath ... A crescentic line, not always clearly defined, which marks the lower limit of the posterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle. ... Synonym: linea arcuata vaginae musculi recti abdominis, Douglas' line, linea semicircularis, semicircular line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

douglas' pouch
A sac or recess formed by a fold of the peritoneum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Douglas' spontaneous evolution
A mechanism whereby molding of the foetus and impaction of the shoulder and prolapsed arm occurs in transverse lie, allowing vaginal delivery with the lateral aspect of the thorax following the prolapsed shoulder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dourine
A disease of horses and donkeys caused by trypanosoma equiperdum. The disease occurs in africa, the americas, and asia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dousing bath
A luminous electric hot air bath given at a very high temperature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dove
1. <zoology> A pigeon of the genus Columba and various related genera. The species are numerous. ... The domestic dove, including the varieties called fantails, tumblers, carrier pigeons, etc, was derived from the rock pigeon (Columba livia) of Europe and Asia; the turtledove of Europe, celebrated for its sweet, plaintive note, is C. Turtur or …

dove's-foot
<botany> A small annual species of Geranium, native in England; so called from the shape of the leaf. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

dover's powder
<alchemy> A powder of ipecac and opium, compounded, in the United States, with sugar of milk, but in England (as formerly in the United States) with sulphate of potash, and in France (as in Dr. Dover's original prescription) with nitrate and sulphate of potash and licorice. ... It is an anodyne diaphoretic. ... Origin: From Dr. Dover, an Englis …

dovetail
A widened portion of a cavity preparation usually established to increase the retention and resistance form. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dowager's hump
Postmenopausal cervical kyphosis of older women. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dowel
1. <mechanics> A pin, or block, of wood or metal, fitting into holes in the abutting portions of two pieces, and being partly in one piece and partly in the other, to keep them in their proper relative position. ... 2. A piece of wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces may be nailed to it. Dowel joint, a joint secured by a dowel or dowel …

down
<dermatology, zoology> Fine, soft feathers, soft, fine hair. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

down promoter mutation
<molecular biology> A mutation (a change in base pair sequence) in a promoter region, this results in lower gene expression (less transcription of the gene occurs). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

down syndrome
<radiology> Trisomy 21, mongolism, atlantoaxial subluxation, Wormian bones, absent/small paranasal sinuses, endocardial cushion (AV canal) defects, aberrant right subclavian artery, 2 ossification centres for manubrium (90%), 11 or 13 ribs, duodenal atresia / stenosis, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, Hirschsprung disease ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

down-regulation
<physiology> Development of a refractory or tolerant state consequent upon repeated administration of a pharmacologically or physiologically active substance. ... It is the process that decreases ligand and receptor interactions or reduces the responsiveness of a cell to a stimulus following first exposure. ... This is often accompanied by an i …

Down, John Langdon
<person> English physician, 1828-1896. ... See: Down's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Down's syndrome
<genetics, syndrome> A congenital disorder in which a person is born with three copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). ... Clinical features include moderate to severe mental retardation, slanting eyes, a broad short skull, broad hands and short fingers. Other congenital abnormalities include heart defects, oesophageal atresia and an increased …

downbeat nystagmus
A vertical nystagmus with a rapid component downward, occurring in lesions of the lower part of the brainstem or cerebellum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

downdraft gasifier
A gasifier in which the product gases pass through a combustion zone at the bottom of the gasifier. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Downey cell
The atypical lymphocyte of infectious mononucleosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Downey, H
<person> U.S. Haematologist, 1877-1959. ... See: Downey cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

downhearted
<psychology> Dejected; low-spirited. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

Downs, William
<person> U.S. Orthodontist, 1899-1966. ... See: Downs' analysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Downs' analysis
<dentistry> A series of cephalometric criteria used as an aid in orthodontic diagnosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

downstream
1. <molecular biology> Portions of DNA or RNA that are more remote from the initiation sites and that will therefore be translated or transcribed later. ... 2. Shorthand term for things that happen at a late stage in a sequence of reactions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

downstream processing
The various stages of processing that occur after the completion of the fermentation or bioconversion stage, including separation, purification, and packaging of the product. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

downward drainage
Synonym for dependent drainage ... Drainage from the lowest part and into a receptacle at a level lower than the structure being drained. ... Synonym: downward drainage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

downy
<dermatology> Covered with short, fine hairs. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

dox-sl
<drug> A chemotherapy agent used for Kaposi's sarcoma consisting of a preparation of doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes which deliver significantly greater quantities of doxorubicin to the KS lesions while reducing the drug's side effects. DOX-SL incorporates so-called stealth liposomes, whose polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating gives them s …

Dox, Arthur
<person> U.S. Chemist, *1882. ... See: Czapek-Dox medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

doxacurium chloride
A nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking drug similar to pancuronium but without cardiovascular side effects. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

doxapram
<chemical> A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. ... Pharmacological action: central nervous system stimulants, respiratory system agents. ... Chemical name: 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethyl-4-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)-3,3-diphenyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

doxapram hydrochloride
1-Ethyl-4-(2-morpholinoethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidone monohydrochloride (or hydrochloride hydrate);a central nervous system stimulant, advocated but infrequently used as a respiratory stimulant in anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

doxazocin
An antihypertensive agent that selectively blocks the a1 (postjunctional) subtype of alpha-adrenergic receptors; resembles prazocin in pharmacologic actions. Prevents the blood pressure elevating effects of norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and other agonists at vascular a1-receptors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

doxazosin
<chemical> A selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker that lowers serum cholesterol. It is also effective in the treatment of hypertension. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-antagonists, anticholesteraemic agents, antihypertensive agents, sympatholytics, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: Piperazine, 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinaz …

doxepin
<drug> This drug is used as a prescription sedative and as an antidepressant. It is classed as a tricyclic antidepressant. ... Its side effects include low or high blood pressure, drowsiness, agitation, numbness, dry mouth, blurred vision, weight loss/gain, and a host of other symptoms. In high doses, it can cause heart arrhythmias, circulator …

doxepin hydrochloride
N,N-Dimethyldibenz[b,e]oxepin-d11(6H),gamma-propylamine hydrochloride;an antidepressant agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

doxophylline
A theophylline-like drug used as a bronchodilator in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

doxorubicin
<drug, oncology> An antibiotic obtained from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius, used as an anticancer drug. ... Side effects include: nausea, vomiting, hair loss, low blood counts and chance of heart damage. ... (10 Oct 1997) ...

doxycycline
<chemical> (4s-(4 alpha,4a alpha,5 alpha,5a alpha,6 alpha,12a alpha)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. A synthetic tetracycline derivative with a range of antimicrobial activity and mode of action similar to that of tetracycline, but more effective against …

doxylamine
<chemical> Histamine h1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in parkinsonism. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antiemetics, antitussive agents, histamine h1 …

doxylamine succinate
2-[alpha-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-alpha-methylbenzyl]pyridine succinate;an antihistaminic. ... Synonym: mereprine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Doyere, Louis
<person> French physiologist, 1811-1863. ... See: Doyere's eminence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Doyere's eminence
The slightly elevated area of the striated muscle fibre's surface that corresponds to the site of the motor endplate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Doyle, J
<person> U.S. Gynecologist, *1907. ... See: Doyle's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Doyle's operation
Paracervical uterine denervation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Doyne, Robert Walter
<person> English ophthalmologist, 1857-1916. ... See: Doyne's honeycomb choroidopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Doyne's honeycomb choroidopathy
An obsolete term for macular drusen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dpc4
<molecular biology> This gene, which is located on chromosome 18, is thought to be a tumour-suppressor gene, defective mutations of this gene have been strongly implicated in pancreatic cancer, a highly lethal disease which kills more than 25,000 people a year (based on 1995 statistics). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

DPN
<abbreviation> Diphosphopyridine nucleotide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

DPN+
<abbreviation> Oxidised diphosphopyridine nucleotide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

DPNH
<abbreviation> Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

DPT
Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine. Today the more frequent abbreviation is DTP ( for Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccine). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dpt immunization
DPT immunization protects from diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus and is given in a series of 5 shots at 2, 4, 6, 18 months of age and 4-6 years of age. Thanks to vaccination programs, these diseases have become less common. However, there are still unvaccinated individuals capable of carrying and passing diphtheria and pertussis t …

DPT vaccination
<immunology> A vaccination administered to infants for protection against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. Vaccinations are typically administered at 2, 4, 6 and 15 months. A final vaccination is now recommended at 4-6 years of age. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

dr
<abbreviation> Reaction of degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Drabkin's reagent
A solution used in the cyanmethemoglobin method of measuring haemoglobin. It consists of sodium bicarbonate, potassium cyanide, and potassium ferricyanide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

drachm
Synonym: dram. ... Origin: G. Drachme, an ancient Greek weight, equivalent to about 60 gr ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dracontiasis
Former term for dracunculiasis. ... Origin: G. Drakon (drakont-), dragon ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dracunculiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus dracunculus. One or more worms may be seen at a time, with the legs and feet being the most commonly infected areas. Symptoms include pruritus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, or asthmatic attacks. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dracunculoidea
A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder camallanina. Its organisms possess a poorly developed buccal cavity and a rudimentary oesophagus and intestine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

dracunculosis
Infection with Dracunculus medinensis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dracunculus lova
Old incorrect term for Loa loa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dracunculus medinensis
A species of skin-infecting, yard-long nematodes, formerly incorrectly classed as Filaria; adult worms live anywhere in the body of humans and various semi-aquatic mammals; the females migrate along fascial planes to subcutaneous tissues, where troublesome chronic ulcers are formed in the skin; when the host enters water, larvae are discharged from …

Dracunculus oculi
Old incorrect term for Loa loa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dracunculus persarum
Old term for Dracunculus medinensis. ... Origin: L. Of the Persians ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

draft
1. A current of air in a confined space. ... 2. A quantity of liquid medicine ordered as a single dose. ... Synonym: draught. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

drag
1. To draw slowly or heavily onward; to pull along the ground by main force; to haul; to trail; applied to drawing heavy or resisting bodies or those inapt for drawing, with labour, along the ground or other surface; as, to drag stone or timber; to drag a net in fishing. 'Dragged by the cords which through his feet were thrust.' (Denham) 'The gross …

dragee
A sugar-coated pill or capsule. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dragendorff reagent
A reagent used in the detection of alkaloids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dragendorff, Georg
<person> German physician and pharmaceutical chemist, 1836-1898. ... See: Dragendorff's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Dragendorff's test
A qualitative test for bile; a play of colours is produced by adding a drop of nitric acid to white filter paper or unglazed porcelain, moistened with a fluid containing bile pigments. The test is essentially the same as Gmelin's test for bile in urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Drager respirometer
An inferential meter to measure tidal and minute volume from the number of revolutions of a vane rotated by the gas stream as the latter passes through two lightweight lozenge-shaped meshing rotors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Drager, Glenn
<person> U.S. Neurologist, *1917. ... See: Shy-Drager syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Drager, Heinrich
<person> German manufacturer of industrial and diving respiratory apparatus, *1898. ... See: Drager respirometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dragon
1. A fabulous animal, generally represented as a monstrous winged serpent or lizard, with a crested head and enormous claws, and regarded as very powerful and ferocious. 'The dragons which appear in early paintings and sculptures are invariably representations of a winged crocodile.' (Fairholt) ... In Scripture the term dragon refers to any great mo …

dragoon
1. Formerly, a soldier who was taught and armed to serve either on horseback or on foot; now, a mounted soldier; a cavalry man. ... 2. A variety of pigeon. ... <zoology> Dragoon bird, the umbrella bird. ... Origin: F. Dragon dragon, dragoon, fr. L. Draco dragon, also, a cohort's standard (with a dragon on it). The name was given from the sense s …

drain
1. To draw off fluid from a cavity as it forms. ... 2. A device, usually in the shape of a tube or wick, for removing fluid as it collects in a cavity, especially a wound cavity. ... Origin: A. S. Drehnian, to draw off ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

drain-trap stomach
water-trap stomach ...

drainage
<surgery> The systematic withdrawal of fluids and discharges from a wound, sore or cavity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

drainage tube
A tube introduced into a wound or cavity to facilitate removal of a fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

drainage, postural
Therapeutic drainage in bronchopulmonary diseases in which there is copious mucus secretion, such as chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary abscess, or cystic fibrosis. The patient is placed with head downward, so that the trachea is inclined downward and below the affected area. It may be done in 15- to 20-minute sessions or by having the p …

drainage, sanitary
A system of artificial or natural drains, generally used for the disposal of liquid wastes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

drake
1. The male of the duck kind. ... 2. [Cf. Dragon fly, under Dragon] The drake fly. 'The drake will mount steeple height into the air.' (Walton) Drake fly, a kind of fly, sometimes used in angling. 'The dark drake fly, good in August.' (Walton) ... Origin: Akin to LG. Drake, OHG. Antrache, anetrecho, G. Enterich, Icel. Andriki, Dan. Andrik, OSw. Andra …

dram
<unit> A unit of weight: 1/8 oz.; 60 gr, apothecaries' weight; 1/16 oz., avoirdupois weight. ... Synonym: drachm. ... Abbreviation: dr ... Origin: see drachm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

dramamine
Synonym for dimenhydrinate ... <chemical> A drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline. It is used for treating vertigo, motion sickness, and nausea associated with pregnancy. It is not effective in the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. ... Pharmacological action: antiemetics, histamine h1 antagonists …

Draper, John
<person> English chemist, 1811-1882. ... See: Draper's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

drapetomania
<psychiatry> An uncontrollable desire to run away from home. ... Origin: G. Drapetes, runaway, + mania, insanity ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

drash syndrome
<radiology> Male pseudohermaphroditism, progressive nephritis, Wilms tumour ... (12 Dec 1998) ...