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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


Cogan, David
<person> U.S. Ophthalmologist, 1908-1993. ... See: Cogan's syndrome, Cogan-Reese syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cogan's syndrome
Synonym for oculovestibulo-auditory syndrome ... <syndrome> A nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis characterised by an abrupt onset with vertigo and tinnitus followed by deafness; about 50% of patients have an associated systemic disease, most commonly polyarteritis nodosa. ... Synonym: Cogan's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cogeneration
The sequential production of electricity and useful thermal energy from a common fuel source. Reject heat from industrial processes can be used to power an electric generator (bottoming cycle). Conversely, surplus heat from an electric generating plant can be used for industrial processes, or space and water heating purposes (topping cycle). ... (05 …

coglucosidase
<chemical> From soluble, mitochondrial and lysosomal fractions of bovine spleen; from human gaucher's disease spleen stimulates glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase, galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase and sphingomyelinase; mw 6.2kda; has been sequenced ... Synonym: beta-glucosidase activator protein, beta-glucosidase stimulating protein, oligo …

cognate
<biochemistry> Refers to two biomolecules that typically interact (for example, a receptor and its ligand). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cognition
<psychology> The mental process of knowing, thinking, learning and judging. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cognition disorder
<psychology> Disturbances in the mental process related to thinking, reasoning, and judgment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cognitive
<psychology> Of, pertaining, to or characterised by cognition. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cognitive dissonance
<psychology> Motivational state produced by inconsistencies between simultaneously held cognitions or between a cognition and behaviour; e.g., smoking enjoyment and believing smoking is harmful are dissonant. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cognitive dissonance theory
<psychology> A theory of attitude formation and behaviour describing a motivational state that exists when an individual's cognitive elements (attitudes, perceived behaviours, etc.) are inconsistent with each other, such as the espousal of the Ten Commandments concurrent with the belief that it is all right to cheat on one's taxes; a test whi …

cognitive laterality quotient
<psychology> Test for difference in cognitive performance of left and right sides of the brain. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

cognitive psychology
<study> A branch of psychology that attempts to integrate into a whole the disparate knowledge from the subfields of perception, learning, memory, intelligence, and thinking. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cognitive reappraisal
<procedure> A coping strategy in which patients are taught to monitor and evaluate negative thoughts and replace them with more positive thoughts and images. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

cognitive science
The study of the precise nature of different mental tasks and the operations of the brain that enable them to be performed, engaging branches of psychology, computer science, philosophy, and linguistics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cognitive symptoms
<psychology> Symptoms that relate to disorders in thought processes, such as learning, comprehension, memory, reasoning, and judging. These symptoms are prominant features of Alzheimer's disease. ... See: cognitive symptoms. ... (22 May 1997) ...

cognitive therapy
A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of experiences) that determine how an individual feels and behaves. It is based on the premise that cognition, the process of acquiring knowledge and forming beliefs, is a primary determinant of mood and behaviour. The therapy uses behavioural and verbal t …

cogwheel ocular movements
Loose, jerky ocular rotations replacing smooth following rotations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cogwheel phenomenon
A sudden brief halt in usually smooth respiration or other motor activity. ... Synonym: Negro's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cogwheel respiration
The inspiratory sound being broken into two or three by silent intervals. ... Synonym: interrupted respiration, jerky respiration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cogwheel rigidity
<clinical sign, neurology> A type of rigidity seen in parkinsonism in which the muscles respond with cogwheel-like jerks to the use of constant force in bending the limb. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

cohb level
A blood test which is performed on an arterial specimen and is a measurement of the amount of carbon monoxide which is present and bound to haemoglobin. This is an important test to diagnosis carbon monoxide toxicity (smoke inhalation). Normal carboxyhaemoglobin may be from 3% to as high as 12% in heavy smokers. ... Symptoms of carbon monoxide poiso …

Cohen, Stanley
<person> Born 1922. A molecular biologist who was the first to do experiments in the molecular cloning of genes from one strain of bacteria into another. ... In particular, he cloned the gene for resistance to tetracycline (an antibiotic), found in Staphylococcus aureus, into Escherichia coli, which did not have resistance to tetracycline befo …

coherent radiation
<physics> Any form of radiation in which the phase relationship between sections of the wave at different locations is not random (or incoherent!). ... Typical example is a laser beam, in which the phase is more or less uniform across the beam and changes along the beam in accordance with the wavelength. Radiation in which the photons tend to …

cohesion
<botany> The sticking together of floral parts of the same whorl without organic fusion. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cohesive force
<physics> An intermolecular force between like molecules, important in the phenomenon of surface tension. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cohesive gold
Nearly pure gold so treated as to be free of adsorbed surface gases and impurities so that it will weld under pressure at room temperature; in dentistry, used as a restorative material placed directly into a prepared cavity and welded by pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cohnheim, Julius
<person> German histologist, pathologist, and physiologist, 1839-1884. ... See: Cohnheim's area, Cohnheim's field, Cohnheim's theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cohnheim's area
A polygonal mosaic-like figure formed by a group of myofibrils, as seen in the cross-section of a skeletal muscle fibre examined under the microscope; a shrinkage artifact of fixation. ... Synonym: Cohnheim's field. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cohnheim's field
Synonym for Cohnheim's area ... A polygonal mosaic-like figure formed by a group of myofibrils, as seen in the cross-section of a skeletal muscle fibre examined under the microscope; a shrinkage artifact of fixation. ... Synonym: Cohnheim's field. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cohnheim's theory
That neoplasms originate from various cell rests, i.e., embryonal cells thought to persist in various sites after the development of the foetal organs and tissues. ... Synonym: emigration theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cohoba
A psychotomimetic hallucinogenic substance obtained from Acacia niopo (family Leguminosae), a Central American plant, Piptadenia peregrina, and other plants; among its constituents are bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine; used in native localities as snuff or enema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cohort
<statistics> A cohort is a group of animals of the same species, identified by a common characteristic, which are studied over a period of time as part of a scientific or medical investigation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cohort effect
Variation in health status arising from different causal factors to which each birth cohort in a population is exposed as environment and society change. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cohort studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesised to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
cohort study
A study using epidemiological methods, such as a clinical trial, in which a cohort with a particular attribute (e.g., smokers, recipients of a drug) is followed prospectively and compared for some outcome (e.g., disease, cure) with another cohort not possessing the attribute. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coil
1. A spiral or series of loops. ... 2. An object made of wire wound in a spiral configuration, used in electronic applications, or a loop of wire used as an antenna. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coil gland
A gland whose secretory part is convoluted. ... Synonym: convoluted gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coiled artery of the uterus
Synonym for spiral artery ... <anatomy, artery> One of the corkscrew-like artery's in premenstrual or progestational endometrium. ... Synonym: coiled artery of the uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coin lesion of lungs
Synonym for nodular opacity ... A solitary, round, circumscribed shadow found in the lung on chest radiograph; causes include granuloma, primary or metastatic carcinoma, benign tumour, vascular malformation. ... Synonym: coin lesion of lungs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coin lesion, pulmonary
Solitary, round, circumscribed shadows found in the lungs in X-ray examinations. Common causes are tuberculosis, neoplasms, cysts, or vascular anomalies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coin test
Synonym for bellmetal resonance ... In cases of a large pulmonary cavity or of pneumothorax, a clear metallic sound obtained by striking a coin, held against the chest, by another coin, or by flicking the chest wall with one's fingernail; the sound is heard on auscultating the chest wall on the same side anteroposteriorly. ... Synonym: anvil sound, b …

coin-counting
A sliding movement of the tips of the thumb and index finger, occurring in paralysis agitans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coincidental evolution
<molecular biology> The tendency for the same mutation to arise simultaneously in all copies of a gene which has been duplicated. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coinosite
Synonym for cenosite ... A facultative commensal organism; one that can sustain itself apart from its usual host. ... Synonym: coinosite. ... Origin: G. Koinos, common, + sitos, food ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coinsurance
A provision by which the insured individual shares in the cost of certain expenses. The same as copayment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cointegrate
<molecular biology> The name for the intermediate biomolecule to which donor DNA and target DNA covalently attatch during the migration of some DNA transposons. ... A small piece of DNA (called a transposon) at one site in a genome or a plasmid makes a copy of itself at a random other site, sometimes removing itself from the first site and som …

cointegrate structure
A structure of DNA produced by the fusion of two replicons, one possessing a transposon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coital
Pertaining to coitus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coiter, Volcher
<person> Dutch surgeon and anatomist, 1534-1600. ... See: Coiter's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coiter's muscle
Synonym for corrugator supercilii ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, from orbital portion of musculus orbicularis oculi and nasal prominence; insertion, skin of eyebrow; action, draws medial end of eyebrow downward and wrinkles forehead vertically; nerve supply, facial. ... Synonym: musculus corrugator supercilii, Coiter's muscle, corrugator muscle, …

coition
Synonym: coitus. ... Origin: L. Co-eo, pp. -itus, to come together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coitophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of sexual intercourse. ... Origin: L. Coitus, sexual intercourse, + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coitus
<biology, gynaecology> Sexual connection per vaginam between male and female. ... Origin: L. Coitio = a coming together, meeting ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coitus interruptus
A contraceptive method whereby coitus is purposely interrupted in order to prevent ejaculation of semen into the vagina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coitus reservatus
Coitus in which ejaculation is postponed or suppressed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coke
A residue of coal, left after dry (destructive) distillation, used as a fuel. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

col
A crater-like area of the interproximal oral mucosa joining the lingual and buccal interdental papillae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

col e1
<molecular biology> A plasmid which naturally occurs in some strains of the bacteria Escherichia coli. ... It codes for an E. Coli-produced antibiotic called a colicin and immunity to its self-produced colicin (so that it does not unintentionally destroy itself). It is one of a number of such plasmids, each of which code for a different type o …

Col V
A plasmid of E. Coli that codes for colicin V, that confers resistance to complement mediated killing, for a siderophore to scavenge iron and for f like pili that permit conjugation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cola
Synonym: kola. ... Origin: L., Strain (imperative form). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

colcemid
<drug> Methylated derivative of colchicine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

colchicine
<drug> Alkaloid (400 D) isolated from the Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) that blocks microtubule assembly by binding to the tubulin heterodimer (but not to tubulin). ... As a result of interfering with microtubule reassembly will block mitosis at metaphase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

colchicum
A genus of poisonous, liliaceous plants. The roots (corms) of colchicum autumnale, the fall crocus or meadow saffron, yield colchicine, which is used as a biochemical tool and to treat gout. Other members of this genus yield saffron dye, flavoring agents, and aromatics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Colchicum corm
Dried corm of Colchicum autumnale, the botanical source for colchicine, an alkaloidal drug used for the treatment of gout. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold
<virology> A slang term that describes a viral upper respiratory infection which results from inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cold abscess
An abscess without heat or other usual signs of inflammation. ... Synonym: tuberculous abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold agglutination
The agglutination of red blood cells by their own serum (see autoagglutination), or by any other serum when the blood is cooled below body temperature, but most pronounced below 25°C; the phenomenon results from cold agglutinins; may be seen occasionally in the blood of apparently normal persons or as a pathologic finding in patients with primary a …

cold agglutination test
<investigation> A test for blood antibodies which are present in certain peculiar types of pneumonia (atypical pneumonia, Mycoplasma) ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cold agglutinin
An antibody which reacts more efficiently at temperatures below 37°C. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold agglutinins
<haematology> Antibodies that agglutinate particles with greater activity below 32­C. They are IgM antibodies specifically reactive with blood groups I and i in humans and agglutinate red blood cells on cooling, causing Raynaud's phenomenon in vivo. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cold allergy
Physical symptoms produced by hypersensitivity to cold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold antibody
See: cold agglutinin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold autoantibody
An autoantibody that reacts at temperatures below 37°c. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold bend test
A test of the ability of a wire to be shaped; performed by counting the number of times a wire can be bent to a right angle and reversed at the same point before breaking; important in establishing specifications for orthodontic wires. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold bone lesions
<radiology> Overlying atenuation caused by pacemaker, barium, metal cross, wristwatch, radiation therapy, local vascular compromise, early osteomyelitis, tumour: neuroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic tumours (e.g. Reticulum cell sarcoma) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cold cautery
Synonym for cryocautery ... The surgical destruction of tissue via the application of extreme cold, aswith liquid nitrogen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cold chain
A system of protection against high environmental temperatures for heat-labile vaccines, sera and other biological preparations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold compress
<orthopaedics> This may be ice packs wrapped in cloth to deliver a cold compress to an acutely injured muscle, joint or bone. ... Cold compresses are commonly indicated for most injuries in the first 24-48 hours. They should be applied only intermittently, with periods of time without the compress applied. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cold compresses
<orthopaedics> This may be ice packs wrapped in cloth to deliver a cold compress to an acutely injured muscle, joint or bone. ... Cold compresses are commonly indicated for most injuries in the first 24-48 hours. They should be applied only intermittently, with periods of time without the compress applied. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cold cone biopsy
<gynaecology, procedure> A procedure which excises a cone of tissue (mucous membrane) off the cervix for purpose of diagnostics and therapeutics (removes precancerous cells). ... See: cervical dysplasia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cold cream
A water-in-oil emulsion of various oils, waxes, and water; the standard formula, rose water ointment, contains expressed almond oil, rose water, spermaceti, white paraffin wax, and sodium borate; used as a cleansing or lubricating cream. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold cure resin
Synonym for autopolymer resin ... Autopolymerizing resin, any resin that can be polymerised by chemical catalysis rather than by the application of heat; used in dentistry for dental restoration, denture repair, and impression trays. ... Synonym: activated resin, cold cure resin, cold-curing resin, quick cure resin, self-curing resin. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

cold erythema
Rash characterised by redness and itching, brought on by exposure to cold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold gangrene
Synonym for dry gangrene ... A form of gangrene in which the involved part is dry and shriveled. ... Synonym: cold gangrene, mummification necrosis, mummification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold haemagglutinin disease
A condition associated with the presence of haemagglutinating autoantibody active in vivo but in vitro particularly or solely active in the cold; when the concentration of IgM antibody is high there may be increased serum viscosity, but clinical manifestations (due to haemagglutination) usually appear following exposure to cold; haemolysis usually …

cold haemolysin
Synonym for Donath-Landsteiner cold autoantibody ... An autoantibody of the IgG class responsible for paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria; it is adsorbed to red cells only at temperatures of 20°C or lower, causing the red cells to lyse in the presence of complement at higher temperatures; it has only slight agglutinating properties in spite of its marke …

cold in the head
Synonym for acute rhinitis ... An acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, marked by sneezing, lacrimation, and a profuse secretion of watery mucus; usually associated with infection by one of the common cold viruses. ... Synonym: cold in the head, coryza. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold injury
Cold injuries include chilblains, trench foot, and frostbite. Cold injuries occur with and without freezing of body tissues. The young and the elderly are especially prone to cold injury. Alcohol increases the risk of cold injury which can lead to loss of body parts and even to death. It is important not to thaw an extremity if there is a risk of i …

cold insoluble globulin
<haematology> Name, now obsolete, originally given to fibronectin prepared from cryoprecipitate. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cold light
Fluorescent light as opposed to incandescent light. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold liver lesion
<radiology> Size for detection = 1-2 cm (3-cm deep lesions), primary tumour (haemangioma hot by Tc-RBCs), metastasis, inflammatory lesion (e.g., amebic abscess), degenerative disease, trauma, congenital lesion (solitary cyst or polycystic disease) see: liver-spleen scan ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cold nodule
A thyroid nodule with a much lower uptake of radioactive iodine than the surrounding parenchyma; about one in four prove to be malignant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold pack
A pack of cloth or other material soaked in cold water or encasing ice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold pressed
<technique> A more natural process by which vegetable oils are produced to yield greater nutrient value. Cold pressing does not use heat or chemicals that commercial pressing does. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cold pressor test
A cardiocirculatory challenge conventionally performed by immersing one hand in ice cold water for two or more minutes (as tolerated) to acutely raise the blood pressure, thus imposing resistance to ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the systemic arterial system and consequently acutely increased afterload (afterload = increased left ve …

cold processed
<technique> A process by which chemicals are used to extract vegetable oils. The chemicals are later filtered out. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cold sensitive enzyme
<enzyme> An enzyme that loses its stability as the temperature is lowered. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cold sore
<dermatology, virology> An infection of the lips or mouth which results in a blistery sore that is caused by Herpes simplex type 1. ... Painful blisters (eventually becoming ulcers) will often presenting on the lips or nasal mucosa. Infected individuals should avoid contact with others due to potential for transfer of the infection. Herpes lab …

cold spleen lesion
<radiology> Infarction, lymphoma, haematoma, tumour, splenic artery aneurysm, pancreatic pseudocyst, variant, artifact, absent spleen, splenectomy, sickle cell disease, trauma see: liver-spleen scan ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cold stage
The stage of chill in a malarial paroxysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...