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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

clottage
Rarely used term for blocking of any canal or duct by a blood clot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clotting factor
<haematology> A group of chemical constituents of the blood (factors I to XIII) which interact to make the blood clot. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

clotting time
Synonym for coagulation time ... The time required for blood to coagulate; prolonged in haemophilia and in the presence of obstructive jaundice, some anaemias and leukaemias, and some of the infectious diseases. ... Synonym: clotting time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clouding of consciousness
A state in which the patient's mental state is clouded and thus not fully in contact with the environment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cloudman melanoma
<tumour> A transplantable melanoma that arose spontaneously in a mouse of DBA strain, and which grows and metastasizes in mice of related strains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cloudman, Arthur
<person> U.S. Zoologist and pathologist, *1901. ... See: Cloudman melanoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cloudy swelling
Swelling of cells due to injury to the membranes affecting ionic transfer; causes an accumulation of intracellular water. ... Synonym: albuminous swelling, granular degeneration, hydropic degeneration, parenchymatous degeneration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cloudy urine
Urine with a cloudy appearance, usually due to pus, crystals, bacteria, blood, or free fat globules. ... Synonym: nebulous urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clove oil
Synonym for oil of clove ... Volatile oil obtained by steam distillation of the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata (family Myrtacea). Contains about 85% eugenol along with other constituents. Used in dentistry as a local anaesthetic and component of temporary fillings of the teeth. Also used to flavor foods; strong, pungent odour. ... Synonym …

clover disease
Synonym for trifoliosis ... A form of photosensitization that occurs in horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs from eating several types of clover and alfalfa. ... Synonym: clover disease, trefoil dermatitis. ... Origin: L. Trifolium, trefoil, clover ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cloverleaf model
A model for the structure of tRNA; so named because the structure roughly resembles a cloverleaf. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cloverleaf skull
Synonym for cloverleaf skull syndrome ... <syndrome> Intrauterine bone dysplasia and synostosis of the coronal and lambdoid sutures producing a trilobar head shape, due to premature fusion (craniosynostosis) of all sutures. ... This produces various craniofacial and long-bone anomalies. The condition is sporadic; no evidence to suggest a geneti …

cloverleaf skull syndrome
<syndrome> Intrauterine bone dysplasia and synostosis of the coronal and lambdoid sutures producing a trilobar head shape, due to premature fusion (craniosynostosis) of all sutures. ... This produces various craniofacial and long-bone anomalies. The condition is sporadic; no evidence to suggest a genetic cause although there may be some hered …

cloxacillin
<chemical> A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of oxacillin. ... Pharmacological action: penicillins. ... Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(((3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cloxacillin sodium
<drug> A penicillinase-resistant penicillin. ... Chemical name: [5-Methyl-3-(o-chlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sodium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clozapine
<drug> This antipsychotic drug is used to treat schizophrenia, it works by binding to dopamine receptors. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

CLQ
Synonym for cognitive laterality quotient ... <psychology> Test for difference in cognitive performance of left and right sides of the brain. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

club hair
A hair in resting state, prior to shedding, in which the bulb has become a club-shaped mass. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

club moss
Synonym for lycopodium ... <botany> A genus of mosslike plants, the type of the order Lycopodiaceae; club moss. Lycopodium powder, a fine powder or dust composed of the spores of Lycopodium, and other plants of the order Lycopodiaceae. It is highly inflammable, and is sometimes used in the manufacture of fireworks, and the artificial represent …

clubbed digits
Synonym for clubbing ... <clinical sign> A condition which describes the broadening or thickening of the tips of the fingers (and toes) with increased lengthwise curvature of the nail and a decrease in the angle normally seen between the cuticle and the fingernail. ... Often this finding on physical examination can be quite subtle and easily ov …

clubbed fingers
Synonym for clubbing ... <clinical sign> A condition which describes the broadening or thickening of the tips of the fingers (and toes) with increased lengthwise curvature of the nail and a decrease in the angle normally seen between the cuticle and the fingernail. ... Often this finding on physical examination can be quite subtle and easily ov …

clubbed penis
A deformity of the erect penis marked by a curve to one side or toward the scrotum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clubbing
<clinical sign> A condition which describes the broadening or thickening of the tips of the fingers (and toes) with increased lengthwise curvature of the nail and a decrease in the angle normally seen between the cuticle and the fingernail. ... Often this finding on physical examination can be quite subtle and easily overlooked. Clubbing may b …

clubfoot
The most common congenital abnormality of the foot. Clubfoot may occur in several forms, but talipes equinovarus is the most common. In this case the foot turns downward and inward. Treatment involves the extended use of orthopaedic splints or casts to correct the position of the foot. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

clubhand
Congenital or acquired angulation deformity of the hand associated with partial or complete absence of radius or ulna; usually with intrinsic deformities in the hand in congenital variants. ... See: manus valga, manus vara. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clump
To form into clusters, small aggregations, or groups. ... Origin: A.S. Clympre, a lump ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clumping
The massing together of bacteria or other cells suspended in a fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cluneal
Pertaining to the clunes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clunes
Synonym: buttocks. ... Origin: pl. Of L. Clunis, buttock ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clupanodonic acid
All-cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid;an &omega;-3 fatty acid with 22 carbons and five double bonds; found in fish oils and phospholipids in brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clupeine
<chemical> Chemical name: Clupeine ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cluster analysis
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cluster headache
<symptom> A term used to describe a headache that is typified by constant, unilateral pain around the eye, with onset usually within 2-3 hours of falling asleep. Can be accompanied by a blocked nasal passage, runny nose, and-or tearing. One may also notice facial flushing, ptosis (dropping eyelid), facial swelling and constriction of the pupi …

cluster of differentiation
Cell membrane molecules that are used to classify leukocytes into subsets. CD molecules are classified by monoclonal antibodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cluster of differentiation 2
A glycoprotein that is expressed on all peripheral T-cells, large granular lymphocytes and most, but not all, thymocytes. CD2 is involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cluster of differentiation 3
A complex of 5 polypeptides associated with the T-cell receptor and is involved in signal transduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cluster of differentiation 4
A glycoprotein found on various subsets of T-cells, i.e., usually no helper and some T cytotoxic cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cluster of differentiation 8
Membrane glycoprotein found on subsets of T lymphocytes. CD8 is expressed on T cytotoxic cells and T suppressor cells. ... Acronym: CD ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clusterin
<protein> Vertebrate glycoprotein of uncertain function. Secreted as a 400 amino acid peptide, then cleaved to form two 200 amino acid peptides that are linked by a disulphide bridge. ... Synonym: complement associated protein, complement cytolysis inhibitor, glycoprotein III. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

clustering
Of acetylcholine receptors: aggregation of the receptors in developing myotubes in the vicinity of the presynaptic terminal, induced by nerve contact. ... See: agrin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cluttering
A speech disorder usually occurring in childhood characterised by abnormally rapid rate, disturbed fluency, and erratic rhythm that makes it difficult to understand the speaker. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clutton, Henry
<person> British surgeon, 1850-1909. ... See: Clutton's joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clutton's joints
Symmetrical arthrosis, especially of the knee joints, in cases of congenital syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clysis
1. An infusion of fluid, usually subcutaneously, for therapeutic purposes. ... 2. Formerly, a fluid enema; later, the washing out of material from any body space or cavity by fluids. ... Origin: G. Klysis, a drenching by a clyster ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clyster
An old term for enema. ... Origin: G. Klyster, fr. Klyzo, fut. Klyso, to wash out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cm
<abbreviation, unit> Centimetres, unit of distance. ... See: centi- ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

CM-cellulose
Synonym for carboxymethylcellulose ... <chemical> Polycarboxymethyl ether of cellulose. It is used as an emulsifier, thickener, suspending agent, etc., in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; in research as a culture medium; in chromatography as a stabiliser for reagents; and therapeutically as a bulk laxative with antacid properties. ... Pharmacolog …

cmc
<abbreviation> Critical micelle concentration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CME
Stands for Continuing Medical Education. CME programs are intended, literally, to continue the medical education of physicians. Doctors are required to earn CME credits. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cme-carbodiimide
<chemical> 4-(2-((cyclohexylimidocarbonyl)amino)ethyl)-4-methyl-morpholinium p-toluenesulfonate. ... Chemical name: Morpholinium, 4-(2-((cyclohexylcarbonimidoyl)amino)ethyl)-4-methyl-, salt with 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (1:1) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

CMG
<abbreviation> Cystometrogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CMI
<abbreviation> Cell-mediated immunity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CML
Synonym for chronic myeloid leukaemia ... <haematology> A leukaemia which is initially slowly-progressing. There are approximately 650 new cases each year in the UK. It is characterised by the presence of large numbers of abnormal mature granulocytes, circulating in the blood. ... Synonym: chronic granulocytic leukaemia. ... Acronym: CML ... Orig …

CMML
Synonym for chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia ... <haematology> A form of myelodysplasia characterised by an increase in the number of circulating white blood cells of the monocyte type. ... Acronym: CMML ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

CMO
<abbreviation> Calculated mean organism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CMP
Symbol for cytidine 5'-monophosphate (secondarily, for any cytidine monophosphate). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CMPacetylneuraminate monooxygenase
<enzyme> Converts cmp-n-acetylneuraminate to cmp-n-glycolylneuraminate; see also EC 1.14.99.18 which converts n-acetylneuraminate to n-glycolylneuraminate ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.45 ... Synonym: cmp-n-acetylneuraminate monooxygenase, cmp-neu5ac hydroxylase, cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase, cmp-neuac hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999)< …

CMV
Synonym for cytomegalovirus ... <virology> Probably the most widespread of the Herpetoviridae group. ... Infected cells enlarge and have a characteristic inclusion body (composed of virus particles) in the nucleus. Causes disease only in utero (leading to abortion or stillbirth or to various congenital defects), although can be opportunistic in …

CMV polyradiculopathy
Synonym for cytomegalovirus polyradiculopathy ... <neurology, pathology> Cytomegalovirus infection of the peripheral nerves and the spinal roots leading to generalised weakness and paralysis. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

CMV retinitis
Synonym for cytomegalovirus retinitis ... <pathology> A complication of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in the immunocompromised individual (for example AIDS). ... Severe inflammatory changes in the retina result in blindness. Treatments include antiviral agents like foscarnet and gancyclovir. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cnaemial
Relating to the leg, especially to the shin. ... Origin: G. Kneme, leg ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cnemis
The shin. ... Origin: G. Knemis (knemid-), a legging ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cnida
Synonym: nematocyst. ... Origin: G. Knide, nettle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cnidaria
A phylum of radially symmetrical invertebrates having a body composed of two layers of cells which comprise definite tissues. It includes hydroids (hydra), jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cnidarian venoms
Venoms from jellyfish, coral, sea anemone, nematocysts, etc. They contain haemo-, cardio-, dermo- , and neurotoxic substances and probably enzymes. They include palytoxin, sarcophine, and anthopleurine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cnidoblast
Developing form of cnidocyte. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cnidocyst
Synonym for nematocyst ... Stinging mechanism used for defence and prey capture by Hydra and other members of the Cnidaria (Coelenterata). It is located within a specialised cell, the nematocyte and consists of a capsule containing a coiled tube. When the nematocyte is triggered, the wall of the capsule changes its water permeability and the inrush …

cnidocyte
<biology> Ectodermal cell of Cnidaria (coelenterates) specialised for defense or capturing prey. Each cell has a nematocyst that can be replaced once discharged. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cnidosis
An obsolete term for urticaria. ... Origin: G. Knidosis, nettle-rash, fr. Knide, a nettle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cnidospora
Synonym: Microspora. ... Origin: G. Knide, nettle, sea nettle, + sporos, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cnidosporidia
Synonym: Microsporida. ... Origin: G. Knide, nettle, sea nettle, + Mod. L., fr. G. Sporos, seed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CNS
Synonym for central nervous system ... <anatomy, neurology> Pertaining to the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. It does not include muscles or peripheral nerves. ... In invertebrates, the central nervous system is composed of the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord together with the fused ganglia or brain at the anterior end. ... Ac …

CNS leukaemia
<oncology> Invasion of the brain or spinal cord by leukaemic cells. This may be diagnosed by examination of the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

CNS lipoma
<radiology> Incidence: less than1% of brain tumours, age: presentation in childhood/adulthood, associated with agenesis of corpus callosum in 50%, assymptomatic in 50% location: genu of corpus callosum (25-50%), tuber cinerum, quadrigeminal region, chiasmatic, interpeduncular, sylvian, CP angle, and cerebellomedullary cisterns findings: -100 …

CNS prophylaxis
Chemotherapy or radiation therapy to the central nervous system (CNS). This is preventative treatment. It is given to kill cancer cells that may be in the brain and spinal cord, even though no cancer has been detected there. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Co
Symbol for carbon monoxide, cobalt; coccygeal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

co-immobilised enzyme
<biochemistry> A group of enzymes which work together and are physically confined while doing so. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

co-ossification
State of being joined by bone formation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

co-ossify
To unite into one bone. ... Origin: L. Co-, together, + os, bone, + facio, to make ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CO2
Synonym for carbon dioxide ... <biochemistry, physiology> A metabolic byproduct of carbohydrate metabolism. Carbon Dioxide collects in the tissues, is cleared by the blood (via the veins) and removed from the body via the lungs when we exhale air. ... Abbreviation: CO2 ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

CO2 narcosis
Synonym for hypoventilation coma ... Coma seen with advanced lung failure and resultant hypoventilation. ... Synonym: CO2 narcosis, hypoxic-hypercarbic encephalopathy, pulmonary encephalopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CO2-withdrawal seizure test
Utilization of hyperventilation to demonstrate abnormalities in the brain waves or even to precipitate a convulsion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CoA
<abbreviation> Coenzyme A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CoA transferases
Thiaphorases;enzymes transferring CoA from acetyl-CoA or succinyl-CoA to other acyl radicals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coacervate
<biology> Colloidal aggregation containing a mixture of organic compounds. One theory of the evolution of life is that the formation of coacervates in the primeval soup was a step towards the development of cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coacervation
Formation of a coacervate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coadaptation
The operation of selection jointly on two or more loci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagglutination
Coagglutination is similar to the latex agglutination technique for detecting antigen (described above). Protein A, a uniformly distributed cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus, is able to bind to the Fc region of most IgG isotype antibodies leaving the Fab region free to interact with antigens present in the applied specimens. The visible …

coagglutinin
A substance that per se does not agglutinate an antigen, but does result in agglutination of antigen that is appropriately coated with univalent antibody. ... See: conglutination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagula
Plural of coagulum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagulable
Capable of being coagulated or clotted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagulant
1. An agent that causes, stimulates, or accelerates coagulation, especially with reference to blood. ... Synonym: coagulative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagulants
Exogenous substances used to promote blood coagulation. The endogenous blood coagulation factors are considered to be coagulants only when administered as drugs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coagulase
Any bacterial component or product which causes coagulation in plasma containing an anticoagulant such as citrate, heparin or oxalate. Coagulases are produced by certain staphylococci and by yersinia pestis. Staphylococci produce two types of coagulase: staphylocoagulase, a free coagulase that produces true clotting of plasma, and staphylococcal cl …

coagulate
1. To convert a fluid or a substance in solution into a solid or gel. ... 2. To clot; to curdle; to change from a liquid to a solid or gel. ... Origin: L. Coagulo, pp. -atus, to curdle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagulation
1. <haematology> The process of clot formation. ... 2. <chemistry> The solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass, an alteration of a disperse phase or of a dissolved solid which causes the separation of the system into a liquid phase and an insoluble mass called the clot or curd. Coagulation is usually irreversible. ... 3. <surger …

coagulation factor
<haematology> Group of plasma protein substances (Factor I-XIII) contained in the plasma, which act in concert to bring about blood coagulation. Many of the factors contain EGF like domains. ... (29 Sep 1997) ...

coagulation factor XI
<haematology> A plasma serine protease with an apple domain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coagulation necrosis
A type of necrosis in which the affected cells or tissue are converted into a dry, dull, fairly homogeneous eosinophilic mass without nuclear staining, as a result of the coagulation of protein as occurs in an infarct; microscopically, the necrotic process involves chiefly the cells, and remnants of histologic elements (e.g., elastin, collagen, mus …

coagulation profile
A test which measures the speed of blood coagulation at different steps of the coagulation pathway. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...