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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

citrated calcium carbimide
A mixture of two parts citric acid to one part calcium carbimide; in the metabolism of ethanol, it slows the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; used in the treatment of alcoholism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citric acid
<biochemistry> An important intermediate in the citric acid cycle which breaks down glucose into water and carbon dioxide when oxygen is present. ... The acid contains three carboxyl groups, has the chemical formula of C6H8O7, and is found in citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruit, lemons, etc.). It is used as an antioxidant and as artificial flav …

citric acid cycle
Synonym for tricarboxylic acid cycle ... <biochemistry> The central feaure of oxidative metabolism. Cyclic reactions whereby acetyl CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide providing reducing equivalents (NADH or FADH2) to power the electron transport chain. Also provides intermediates for biosynthetic processes. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

citric acid urine test
<investigation> A test which measures the amount of citric acid in the urine. This test is used to diagnose renal tubular acidosis and evaluate those with kidney stones. ... A below normal level of citric acid in the urine can indicate renal tubular acidosis. Urine citric acid levels can be increased in those with have a high carbohydrate diet …

citridesmolase
Synonym for citrate lyase ... Citrate (pro-3S)-lyase;an enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate, in the absence of coenzyme A. ... Synonym: citrase, citratase, citrate aldolase, citridesmolase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citrin
Synonym for vitamin P ... A mixture of bioflavonoids extracted from plants (especially citrus fruits). It reduces the permeability and fragility of capillaries and is useful in the treatment of certain cases of purpura that are resistant to vitamin C therapy. ... See: hesperidin, quercetin, rutin. ... Synonym: capillary permeability factor, citrin, pe …

citrinin
<chemical> 4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-3h-2-benzopyran- 7-carboxylic acid. Antibiotic and mycotoxin from aspergillus niveus and penicillium citrinum. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics. ... Chemical name: 3H-2-Benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-, (3R-trans)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

citrobacter
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that can use citrate as the sole source of carbon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Citrobacter amalonatica
A species found in faeces, soil, water, and sewage; isolated from clinical specimens as an opportunistic pathogen. ... Synonym: Levinea amalonatica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Citrobacter diversus
A species found in faeces, soil, water, sewage, and food; isolated from urine, throat, nose, sputum, and wounds; reported in cases of neonatal meningitis. ... Synonym: Citrobacter koseri, Levinea diversus, Levinea malonatica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citrobacter freundii
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in man and other animals including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Its organisms have also been isolated from soil and water as well as from clinical specimens such as urine, throat, sputum, blood, and wound swabs as an opportunistic pathogen. ... (12 Dec 1998)< …

Citrobacter koseri
Synonym for Citrobacter diversus ... A species found in faeces, soil, water, sewage, and food; isolated from urine, throat, nose, sputum, and wounds; reported in cases of neonatal meningitis. ... Synonym: Citrobacter koseri, Levinea diversus, Levinea malonatica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citrogenase
Synonym for citrate synthase ... Citrate (si)-synthase;an enzyme catalyzing the condensation of oxaloacetate, water, and acetyl-CoA, forming citrate and coenzyme A; an important step in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. ... Synonym: citrogenase, condensing enzyme, oxaloacetate transacetase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citronella
Cymbopogon (Andropogon) nardus (family Gramineae); a fragrant grass of Ceylon, from which is distilled a volatile oil (c. Oil) used as a perfume and insect repellent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citronellal
Principal volatile ingredient of lemon grass and citronella oil. Used in soap perfumes and as an insect repellent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citrovorum factor
Synonym for folinic acid ... N5Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid;the active form of folic acid which acts as a formyl group carrier in transformylation reactions; the calcium salt, leucovorin calcium, has therapeutic use. ... Synonym: citrovorum factor, leucovorin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citruline
<amino acid> Is synthesised in the body from ornithine by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia and is a precursor of arginine. It is found primarily in the liver and is a major component of the urea cycle. Therapeutically it is used for the detoxification of ammonia, a byproduct of protein breakdown and in the treatment of fatigue. It i …

citrullinaemia
A disease of amino acid metabolism (usually classed as a type of aminoaciduria) in which citrulline concentrations in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid are elevated; manifested clinically by vomiting, ammonia intoxication, and mental retardation beginning in infancy; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citrulline
<chemical> Chemical name: L-Ornithine, N5-(aminocarbonyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

citrullinuria
Enhanced urinary excretion of citrulline; a manifestation of citrullinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

citrus
Any tree or shrub of the rue family or the fruit of these plants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cittosis
Synonym for cissa ... Craving for unusual or unwholesome foods during pregnancy. ... See: pica. ... Synonym: citta, cittosis. ... Origin: G. Kissa, kitta, longing for strange food by pregnant women ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

city planning
Comprehensive planning for the physical development of the city. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Civatte bodies
Eosinophilic hyaline spherical body's seen in or just beneath the epidermis, particularly in lichen planus, formed by necrosis of individual basal cells. ... Synonym: colloid bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Civatte, Achille
<person> French dermatologist, 1877-1956. ... See: Civatte bodies, Civatte's disease, poikiloderma of Civatte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Civatte's disease
poikiloderma of Civatte ...

civil defense
Preventive emergency measures and programs designed to protect the individual or community in times of hostile attack. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

civil disorders
Deliberate and planned acts of unlawful behaviour engaged in by aggrieved segments of the population in seeking social change. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

civil rights
Legal guarantee protecting the individual from attack on personal liberties, right to fair trial, right to vote, and freedom from discrimination on the basis of race, religion, national origin, age, or gender. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

civilization
The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Civinini, Filippo
<person> Italian anatomist, 1805-1844. ... See: Civinini's canal, Civinini's ligament, Civinini's process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Civinini's canal
Synonym for anterior canaliculus of chorda tympani ... <anatomy> A canal in the petrotympanic or glaserian fissure, near its posterior edge, through which the chorda tympani nerve issues from the skull. ... Synonym: Civinini's canal, Huguier's canal, iter chordae anterius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Civinini's ligament
Synonym for pterygospinous ligament ... <anatomy> A membranous ligament extending from the spine of the sphenoid to the upper part of the posterior border of the lateral pterygoid lamina. ... Synonym: ligamentum pterygospinale, Civinini's ligament, pterygospinal ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Civinini's process
Synonym for pterygospinous process ... A sharp projection from the posterior edge of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. ... Synonym: processus pterygospinosus, Civinini's process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CJD
<abbreviation> Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CK
Synonym for creatine kinase ... <enzyme> Dimeric enzyme (82 kD) that catalyses the formation of ATP from ADP and creatine phosphate in muscle. ... Acronym: CK ... (28 May 1998) ...

cl
The chemical symbol for chloride. Sodium chloride (ordinary salt) is chemically represented NaCl. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

CL lead
A bipolar chest lead with the negative electrode placed on the subject's left arm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cladiosis
A dermatophytosis resembling sporotrichosis, characterised by verrucous lesions and ascending lymphangitis; caused by Scopulariopsis blochii. ... See: Scopulariopsis. ... Origin: G. Klados, branch or root, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cladistic classification
<zoology> Classification based on recency of common descent, i.e. Categories depend on the position of the branching points on the inferred phylogenetic tree. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

Clado, Spiro
<person> French gynecologist, 1856-1905. ... See: Clado's anastomosis, Clado's band, Clado's ligament, Clado's point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clado's anastomosis
Anastomosis in the right suspensory ligament of the ovary between the appendicular and ovarian arteries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clado's band
The suspensory ligament of the ovary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clado's ligament
<anatomy> A mesenteric fold running from the broad ligament on the right side to the appendix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clado's point
A point at the junction of the interspinous and right semilunar lines, at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle, where marked tenderness on pressure is felt in some cases of appendicitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cladode
<plant biology> The photosynthetic stem of a plant whose foliage leaves are absent or much reduced. ... Compare: phyllode. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

cladophyll
<plant biology> A flattened, leaf-like photosynthetic stem not bearing leaves or scales. ... Compare: phylloclade. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Cladorchis watsoni
Incorrect term for Watsonius watsoni. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cladosporiosis
Infection with a fungus of the genus Cladosporium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cladosporium
A deuteromycetous fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Cladosporium bantianum
A species that causes cerebral cladosporiosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cladosporium carrionii
A species that is a cause of chromoblastomycosis in man. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cladosporium cladosporioides
A species reported to cause local infection at the site of a skin test in an HIV-infected patient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cladosporium werneckii
Synonym for Exophiala werneckii ... A species that causes tinea nigra. ... Synonym: Cladosporium werneckii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cladribine
<chemical> An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukaemia. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, immunosuppressive agents. ... Chemical name: Adenosine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Clagett procedure
For empyema, a two-stage surgical procedure for expediting treatment of chronic empyema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clairvoyance
Perception of objective events (past, present, or future) not ordinarily discernible by the senses; a type of extrasensory perception. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Claisen condensation
The formation of a beta-keto ester from two esters, one of which has an alpha-hydrogen atom; malate synthase, citrate synthase, and ATP citrate lyase all catalyze such reactions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clamoxyquin hydrochloride
5-Chloro-7-[(3-diethylaminopropyl) amino]methyl8-quinolinol dihydrochloride;an amoebicide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clamp
An instrument for compression of a structure. ... Compare: forceps. ... Origin: M.E., fr. Middle Dutch klampe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clamp connection
<microbiology> In many basidiomycete fungi a short lateral branch of a binucleate cell develops. This is the developing clamp connection. One of the nuclei migrates into it. Both nuclei then undergo simultaneous mitosis so that one end of the cell contains two daughter nuclei from each of the parental nuclei. ... The nucleus in the branch and …

clamp forceps
A forceps with pronged jaws designed to engage the jaws of a rubber dam clamp so that they may be separated to pass over the widest buccolingual contour of a tooth. ... Synonym: rubber dam clamp forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clams
Equivalved edible marine mollusks that live wholly or partially in sand or mud. Some genera are mya, venus, and mactra. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clamydia
See Chlamydia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clang association
Psychic association's resulting from sounds; often encountered in the manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clap
Gonorrhoea, a bacterial infection transmitted by sexual contact. Gonorrhoea is one of the oldest known sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In women infected with this bacteria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), 25-40% will also be infected with another bacteria that can cause another STD called chlamydia. Gonorrhoea is NOT transmitted from toilet seats. Mo …

clapotage
The splashing sound heard on succussion of a dilated stomach. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clapton, Edward
<person> English physician, 1830-1909. ... See: Clapton's line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clapton's line
A greenish discoloration of the marginal gingiva in cases of chronic copper poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clara cell
A rounded, club-shaped, nonciliated cell protruding between ciliated cell's in bronchiolar epithelium; believed to be secretory in function. ... Synonym: bronchiolar exocrine cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clara, Max
<person> Austrian anatomist, *1899. ... See: Clara cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clarificant
An agent that makes a turbid liquid clear. ... Origin: L. Clarus, clear, + facio, to make ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clarification
The process of making a turbid liquid clear. ... Synonym: lucidification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clarifier
A tank used to remove solids by gravity, to remove colloidal solids by coagulation, and to remove floating oil and scum through skimming. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

clarithromycin
<drug> An antibiotic approved for the treatment of MAC and also used for preventing this disease in people with AIDS. Side effects include diarrhoea, nausea and abnormal taste. Clarithromycin may cause severe abdominal pain at high doses. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Clark electrode
An oxygen electrode consisting of the tip of a platinum wire exposed to a thin film of electrolyte covered by a plastic membrane permeable to oxygen but not to water or the electrolyte. When a certain voltage is applied, oxygen is destroyed at the platinum surface; the flow of current is then proportional to the rate at which oxygen can diffuse to …

Clark, Alonzo
<person> U.S pharmacologist, 1807-1887. ... See: Clark's weight rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clark, Eliot
<person> U.S. Anatomist, 1881-1963. ... See: Sandison-Clark chamber. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clark, Leland Jr
<person> U.S. Biochemist, *1918. ... See: Clark electrode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clark, Wallace Jr
<person> U.S. Dermatopathologist, *1924. ... See: Clark's level. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clark's level
The level of invasion of primary malignant melanoma of the skin; limited to the epidermis, I; into the underlying papillary dermis, II; to the junction of the papillary and reticular dermis, III; into the reticular dermis, IV; into the subcutaneous fat, V. The prognosis is worse with each successive deeper level of invasion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clark's weight rule
An obsolete rule for an approximate child's dose, obtained by dividing the child's weight in pounds by 150 and multiplying the result by the adult dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clarke cells
Large multipolar cells characteristic of the thoracic nucleus (Clarke's nucleus in lamina VII) of the spinal cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clarke-Hadfield syndrome
Synonym for cystic fibrosis ... <chest medicine> A generalised disorder of infants, children and young adults, in which there is widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, characterised by signs of chronic pulmonary disease (due to excess mucus production in the respiratory tract), pancreatic deficiency, abnormally high levels of electroly …

Clarke, Jacob
<person> English anatomist, 1817-1880. ... See: Clarke's column, Clarke's nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clasmatocyte
Synonym: macrophage. ... Origin: G. Klasma, a fragment, + kytos, a hollow (cell) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clasmatosis
The extension of pseudopodia-like processes in unicellular organisms and blood cells by plasmolysis rather than by a true formation of pseudopodia. ... Origin: G. Klasma, a fragment, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clasp
1. A part of a removable partial denture that acts as a direct retainer and/or stabiliser for the denture by partially surrounding or contacting an abutment tooth. ... 2. A direct retainer of a removable partial denture, usually consisting of two arms joined by a body which connects with an occlusal rest; at least one arm of a clasp usually terminat …

clasp arm
A portion of a clasp of a removable partial denture which projects from the clasp body and helps retain the partial denture in position in the mouth. ... See: clasp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clasp guideline
Synonym for survey line ... A line scribed on an abutment tooth of a dental cast by means of a dental surveyor indicating the height of contour of the tooth according to a specific path of insertion, a line which serves as a guide in the proper location of various parts of a clasp assembly for a removable partial denture. ... Synonym: clasp guideline …

clasp-knife effect
Synonym for clasp-knife spasticity ... Initial increased resistance to stretch of the extensor muscles of a joint that give way rather suddenly allowing the joint then to be easily flexed; the rigidity is due to an exaggeration of the stretch reflex. ... See: lengthening reaction. ... Synonym: clasp-knife effect, clasp-knife rigidity. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

clasp-knife rigidity
Synonym for clasp-knife spasticity ... Initial increased resistance to stretch of the extensor muscles of a joint that give way rather suddenly allowing the joint then to be easily flexed; the rigidity is due to an exaggeration of the stretch reflex. ... See: lengthening reaction. ... Synonym: clasp-knife effect, clasp-knife rigidity. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

clasp-knife spasticity
Initial increased resistance to stretch of the extensor muscles of a joint that give way rather suddenly allowing the joint then to be easily flexed; the rigidity is due to an exaggeration of the stretch reflex. ... See: lengthening reaction. ... Synonym: clasp-knife effect, clasp-knife rigidity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clasping reflex
The strong flexion of the forelimbs of amphibia and certain other animals during the mating season when the chest or abdomen is stimulated; it is dependent upon the male sex hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

class
<biology> A taxonomic classification between division or phylum and order. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

class aves
<ornithology, zoology> A biological class that is composed of all the birds (for example, penguins, pigeons, eagles, canaries, vultures, etc.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

class i
Perennial or intermittent streams that provide a source of water for domestic use. Class I streams are used by large numbers of anadromous fish or significant sports fish for spawning, rearing, or migration, or are major tributaries to other Class I streams. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

class I antigens
Cell membrane bound glycoproteins that are coded by genes of the major histocompatibility complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

class i malocclusion
<dentistry> A Malocclusion where your bite is OK (your top teeth line up with your bottom teeth) but your teeth are crooked, crowded or turned. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

class II
Perennial or intermittent streams that are used by fish for spawning, rearing, or migration. Class II streams may be tributaries to Class I streams or other Class II streams. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...