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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

coagulation time
The time required for blood to coagulate; prolonged in haemophilia and in the presence of obstructive jaundice, some anaemias and leukaemias, and some of the infectious diseases. ... Synonym: clotting time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagulation vitamin
An obsolete term for vitamin K. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagulative
Causing coagulation. ... Synonym: coagulant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coagulopathy
<haematology> A defect in the blood clotting mechanism. ... Examples include haemophilia, drug-induced clotting disorder, thrombocytopenia and Von Willebrand's disease. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

coagulum
A clot or a curd; a soft, nonrigid, insoluble mass formed when a sol undergoes coagulation. ... Origin: L. A means of coagulating, rennet ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coal
A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coal dust
<chest medicine> Fine particulate coal dust that is a known respiratory irritant. Coal dust is the underlying cause of the occupational lung disease known as black lung. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

coal oil
Synonym for petroleum ... Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary …

coal tar
<pharmacology> A byproduct obtained during the breakdown of bituminous coal used in the treatment of some skin diseases (for example psoriasis). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

coal tar naphtha
Synonym for benzene ... <chemistry> A volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or benzole, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum. …

coal worker's pneumoconiosis
<chest medicine> A form of chronic clung disease which develops after prolonged exposure to coal dust. Advanced disease and scarring is evident on chest X-ray. ... Symptoms include wheezing, chronic cough and shortness of breath. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

coalescence
Fusion of originally separate parts. ... Synonym: concrescence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coapt
To join or fit together. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coaptation
Joining or fitting together of two surfaces; e.g., the lips of a wound or the ends of a broken bone. ... Origin: L. Co-apto, pp. -aptatus, to fit together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coaptation splint
A short splint designed to prevent overriding of the ends of a fractured bone, usually supplemented by a longer splint to fix the entire limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coaptation suture
Synonym for apposition suture ... A suture of the skin only. ... Synonym: coaptation suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coarct
To restrict or press together. ... Synonym: coarctate. ... Origin: L. Co-arcto, pp. -arctatus, to press together ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coarctate
Synonym: coarct. ... 2. Pressed together. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coarctate retina
An obsolete term for a ringlike effusion of fluid between the choroid and retina, giving the latter a funnel shape. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coarctation
<cardiology, embryology> A narrowing of the passageway of a blood vessel, such as coarctation of the aorta, a congenital condition. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

coarctation of the aorta
<cardiology, embryology, paediatrics> A congenital heart defect that results in the narrowing of the lumen of the aorta. ... The narrowing occurs most often distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Coarctation occurs in approximately 7% of patients with congenital heart disease and is twice as common in males. Surgical correction is …

coarctectomy
<procedure> Excision of a coarctation (of the aorta). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coarctotomy
<procedure> Division of a stricture. ... Origin: coarct + G. Tome, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coarse breast architecture
<radiology> Inflammatory carcinoma, other lymphatic spread of tumour, oedema, congestive heart failure, uraemia, drug-induced, radiation, mastitis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coarse dispersion
Synonym for suspension ... 1. A condition of temporary cessation, as of animation, of pain or of any vital process. ... 2. <pharmacology> A preparation of a finely divided drug intended to be incorporated (suspended) in some suitable liquid vehicle before it is used or already incorporated in such a vehicle. ... Origin: L. Suspensio ... (18 Nov 1 …

coarse tremor
A tremor in which the amplitude is large and the oscillations are usually irregular and slow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CoAS-
Symbols for the coenzyme A radical and reduced coenzyme A, respectively. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coat
1. The outer covering or envelope of an organ or part. ... 2. One of the layers of membranous or other tissues forming the wall of a canal or hollow organ. ... See: tunic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coat protein
<protein> The proteins which make up the outer coat of a virus (called the capsid). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coated pit
<biology> First stage in the formation of a coated vesicle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coated pits, cell-membrane
Specialised regions of the cell membrane composed of pits coated with a bristle covering made of the protein clathrin. These pits are the entry route for macromolecules bound by cell surface receptors. The pits are then internalised into the cytoplasm to form the coated vesicles. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coated tongue
A tongue with a whitish layer on its upper surface, composed of epithelial debris, food particles, and bacteria; often an indication of indigestion or of fever. ... Synonym: furred tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coated vesicle
<cell biology> Vesicle formed as an invagination of the plasma membrane (a coated pit) and that is surrounded by a basket of clathrin. Associated with receptor mediated pinocytosis and receptor recycling. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coated vesicles
Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (coated pits, cell-membrane) invaginate and pinch off. The outer surface of these vesicles is covered with a lattice-like network of the protein clathrin. Shortly after formation, however, the clathrin coat is removed and the vesicles are referred to as endosomes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coating
A covering; a layer of some substance spread over a surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coats, George
<person> British ophthalmologist, 1876-1915. ... See: Coats' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coats' disease
Synonym for exudative retinitis ... Retinitis exudativa, a chronic abnormality characterised by deposition of cholesterol and cholesterol esters in outer retinal layers and subretinal space. In adults, often preceded by uveitis; in children, often preceded by retinal vascular abnormalities. ... Synonym: Coats' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase
<enzyme> Product of cbla gene; deficiency results in some forms of methylmalonic aciduria ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.17 ... Synonym: vitamin b12s adenosyltransferase, vitamin b12s adenosylating enzyme, deoxyadenosyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cobalamin
Synonym for vitamin B12 ... <biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, important in the proper function of the nervous system and important in proper carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cobalamin (5'-phosphate)synthase
<enzyme> From pseudomonas denitrificans; catalyses the synthesis of cobalamin 5'-phosphate from GDP-cobinamide and alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate, but also the synthesis of cobalamin from GDP-cobinamide and alpha-ribazole ... Registry number: EC 2.6.99.- ... Synonym: cobv gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cobalamin concentrate
The dried, partially purified product resulting from the growth of selected Streptomyces cultures or other cobalamin-producing microorganisms; contains at least 500 ug of cobalamin in each gram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobalt
<chemical> A trace element that is a component of vitamin b12. It has the atomic symbol co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anaemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis. ... Chemical name: Cobalt ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cobalt isotopes
<radiobiology, physics> Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic weight. Co-59 is a stable cobalt isotope. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cobalt machine
<apparatus> A simple but effective source of irradiation which is employed for external beam radiotherapy. It has limited ability to focus irradiation. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

cobalt radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cobalt-57
<radiobiology> A radioisotope with a half-life of 271.8 days. ... It decays by electron capture with emission of a medium energy (122.06 keV) gamma ray. Used as a diagnostic aid with some metabolic disorders. ... (17 Jul 2002) ...

cobalt-58
<radiobiology> Positron emitter with half-life of 70.88 days. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobalt-60
<radiobiology> A radioisotope with a half-life of 5.271 years. ... It emits beta particles and energetic gamma rays, for which reason it is used in radiation therapy and diagnostics in place of radium or X-rays. It is also used as a diagnostic aid in vitamin B12-related problems. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobaltochelatase
<enzyme> Incorporates co(ii) into porphyrins ... Registry number: EC 4.99.1.- ... Synonym: co(ii)-chelatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cobaltous chloride
CoCl2-6H20;used in the treatment of various types of refractory anaemia to improve the haematocrit, haemoglobin, and erythrocyte count. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cobb
Stanley, U.S. Neuropathologist, *1887. ... See: Cobb syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cobb syndrome
<syndrome> Cutaneous angiomas, usually in a dermatomal distribution on the trunk, associated with vascular abnormality of the spinal cord and resulting neurologic symptoms. ... Synonym: cutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobbler's suture
Synonym for doubly armed suture ... A suture with a needle attached at both ends. ... Synonym: cobbler's suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobinamide kinase
<enzyme> From pseudomonas denitrificans; phosphorylates the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide in the presence of ATP to form cobinamide phosphate; occurs in a bifunctional protein with cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cobra
A genus of poisonous snakes of the subfamily elapinae of the family elapidae. There are six recognised species, all inhabiting africa except the asiatic (indian) cobra, naja naja. Some species 'spit' their venom into the eyes of their 'enemies'. So-called spitting cobras show a high degree of accuracy in aiming for the eyes. The ringhals, the most …

cobra neurotoxins
Toxins, contained in cobra (naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, type I) and the large (long, type II) which also exist in other elapid venoms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cobra toxin
Synonym for cobrotoxin ... A polypeptide of 62 residues; action on cells is similar to that of melittin in that it promotes disruption of membranes; used as an investigational antirheumatic agent. ... Synonym: cobra toxin, direct lytic factor of cobra venom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobra venom cofactor
Synonym for properdin factor b ... <enzyme> A glycine-rich, heat-labile beta-glycoprotein found in blood. It is a proactivator of complement 3 in the alternate pathway of complement activation. Factor b is converted by factor d to c3 convertase. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.47 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cobra venom factor
A component of cobra venom that renders C3 proactivator (properdin factor B) susceptible to factor D of the properdin system, leading to activation of C3 and other components of complement and lysis of unsensitised erythrocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobra venoms
Venoms from snakes of the genus naja (family elapidae). They contain many specific proteins that have cytotoxic, haemolytic, neurotoxic, and other properties. Like other elapid venoms, they are rich in enzymes. They include cobramines and cobralysins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cobrotoxin
A polypeptide of 62 residues; action on cells is similar to that of melittin in that it promotes disruption of membranes; used as an investigational antirheumatic agent. ... Synonym: cobra toxin, direct lytic factor of cobra venom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobyric acid
The hexa-amide of cobyrinic acid; a part of the vitamin B12 structure. ... Synonym: cobyrinamide, cobyrinic hexa-amide, factor V1a. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobyric acid synthase
<enzyme> From pseudomonas denitrificans; amidates four carboxylate groups of cobyrinic acid ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.- ... Synonym: cobq gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cobyrinamide
Synonym for cobyric acid ... The hexa-amide of cobyrinic acid; a part of the vitamin B12 structure. ... Synonym: cobyrinamide, cobyrinic hexa-amide, factor V1a. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobyrinic acid
Corrin with 8 methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 17; -CH2COOH groups at positions 2, 7, 18; -CH2CH2COOH groups at positions 3, 8, 13, 17; and divalent cobalt centreed among the four nitrogens. The acid side-chains are designated, in numerical order, a, b, c, d, e, f, g. It is a part of the vitamin B12 structure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase
<enzyme> Encoded by cobb gene; from pseudomonas denitrificans ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.- ... Synonym: co ac-a,c-d synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cobyrinic hexa-amide
Synonym for cobyric acid ... The hexa-amide of cobyrinic acid; a part of the vitamin B12 structure. ... Synonym: cobyrinamide, cobyrinic hexa-amide, factor V1a. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

COC
<abbreviation> Cathodal opening contraction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coca
Any of several south american shrubs of the erythroxylon genus (and family) that yield cocaine; the leaves are chewed with alum for CNS stimulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cocaine
<drug> Drug of abuse and psychostimulant that acts to increase extraneuronal dopamine in midbrain by binding to the dopamine uptake transporter and hence inhibiting dopamine reuptake at the plasma membrane. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cocaine abuse
<psychiatry> Cocaine is an alkaloid, derived from the coca plant. It is used medicinally as a topical anaesthetic (commonly in the nose). ... It may cause agitation, disorientation and convulsions. Cocaine is a commonly abused street drug and can lead to addictive behaviour. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

cocaine esterase
<enzyme> Aspect of carboxylesterase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... Synonym: (-)-cocaine-3-acylhydrolase, cocaine carboxylesterase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

cocaine-related disorder
<psychiatry> Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cocainization
<anaesthetics> Production of topical anaesthesia of mucous membranes by the application of cocaine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cocarboxylase
Synonym for thiamin pyrophosphate ... The diphosphoric ester of thiamin, a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases. ... Synonym: aneurine pyrophosphate, cocarboxylase, diphosphothiamin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cocarcinogen
<oncology> A substance that works symbiotically with a carcinogen in the production of cancer. A helper in the role of a carcinogen. ... A substances that, though not carcinogenic in its own right, potentiates the activity of a carcinogen. They differ from tumour promotors in requiring to be present concurrently with the carcinogen. ... (21 Jun …

cocarcinogenesis
<oncology> The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Coccaceae
<microbiology> An obsolete term for a family of Eubacteriales which included all the spherical cells dividing in one (Streptococcus), two (Micrococcus), or three (Sarcina) planes, then forming cells, pairs, tetrads, cubes or larger packets, or chains. ... Origin: G. Kokkos, a berry ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccal
<microbiology> Relating to cocci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cocci
<microbiology> Bacteria with a spherical shape. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coccidia
<protozoa> A subclass of protozoans commonly parasitic in the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract but also found in the liver and other organs. Its organisms are found in both vertebrates and higher invertebrates and comprise three orders: agamococcidiida, protococcidiida, and eucoccidiida. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coccidia of cattle
Synonym for Eimeria of cattle ... Eimeria zuernii, the species most often associated with clinical cases of coccidiosis in calves and young adults; found in the caecum and lower bowel, and sometimes in the small intestine. Eimeria bovis, a species that occurs principally in the small intestine causes clinically recognizable disease; many less common …

coccidia of chickens
Synonym for Eimeria of chickens ... Eimeria tenella, a species producing caecal coccidiosis of young chicks; Eimeria necatrix, producing severe disease in the small intestine and ceca; Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria hagani, and Eimeria praecox, which localise in the duodenum; Eimeria mitis localises in the small intestine, Eimeria brunetti in the lower …

coccidia of geese
Synonym for Eimeria of geese ... Eimeria truncata, a species occurring in the kidney tubules where it causes much damage and considerable mortality in young birds; Eimeria anseris, Eimeria nocens, and Eimeria parvula, occurring in the small intestine where Eimeria anseris can produce haemorrhagic enteritis. ... Synonym: coccidia of geese. ... (05 Mar …

coccidia of pheasants
Synonym for Eimeria of pheasants ... Eimeria phasiani and Eimeria dispersa, species which infect the small intestine; coccidiosis of pheasants in captivity under overcrowded conditions may be very destructive. ... Synonym: coccidia of pheasants. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccidia of rabbits
Synonym for Eimeria of rabbits ... Eimeria stiedae, the most common species in rabbits, affecting the bile ducts; Eimeria perforans, affecting the small intestine and caecum; Eimeria media, magna, and Eimeria irresidua which infect the small intestine. ... Synonym: coccidia of rabbits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccidia of sheep and goats
Synonym for Eimeria of sheep and goats ... Eimeria ovina (arloingi), the most common and destructive species in sheep, principal losses being in young lambs; Eimeria minakolyakimovae, a highly pathogenic parasite of sheep; Eimeria parva and Eimeria pallida are frequently found but believed to be of low virulence; Eimeria faurei, Eimeria intricata, E …

coccidia of swine
Synonym for Eimeria of swine ... Eimeria debliecki, the most common and most pathogenic species, involving the small intestine, caecum, and colon; Eimeria scabra, involving the small intestine; Eimeria perminuta, Eimeria spinosa, Eimeria scrofae, Eimeria suis, Eimeria cerdonis, Eimeria porci, and Eimeria neodebliecki believed to have little pathogen …

coccidia of turkeys
Synonym for Eimeria of turkeys ... Eimeria meleagridis, a species which localises in the caecum, Eimeria dispersa and Eimeria innocua in the small intestine, Eimeria adenoeides in the lower ileum, caecum, and rectum, and Eimeria gallopavonis in the ileum and rectum. ... Synonym: coccidia of turkeys. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccidial
Relating to coccidia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coccidiasina
Synonym for coccidia ... <protozoa> A subclass of protozoans commonly parasitic in the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract but also found in the liver and other organs. Its organisms are found in both vertebrates and higher invertebrates and comprise three orders: agamococcidiida, protococcidiida, and eucoccidiida. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coccidioidal
Referring to the disease or to the infecting organism of coccidioidomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccidioidal granuloma
Synonym for secondary coccidioidomycosis ... Progressive or disseminated extrapulmonary granulomatous lesions following primary coccidioidomycosis. ... Synonym: coccidioidal granuloma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccidioides
<radiology> Osteomyelitis, favours sites with persistent red marrow (ends of bones, tuberosities and trochanters), cavitary pneumonia, grape skin cyst: very thin-walled lung cavity, usually no fluid in cavity ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coccidioidin
<chemical> A sterile solution containing the by-products of growth products of coccidioides immitis, injected intracutaneously as a test for coccidioidomycosis. ... Chemical name: Coccidioidin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coccidioidin test
An intracutaneous test for determining the presence of infection with the fungus Coccidioides immitis; a reaction of delayed hypersensitivity indicates a positive test and is interpreted as meaning past or present infection with the fungus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccidioidoma
<tumour> A benign localised residual granulomatous lesion or scar in a lung following primary coccidioidomycosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coccidioidomycosis
<chest medicine, microbiology> A fungal infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis. ... Exists in two forms: primary disease, which is a self-limited respiratory infection (requires no treatment) and a progressive form (diffuse and granulomatous), that can involve almost any part of the body. Approximately 60% of infections cause no s …

coccidiosis
Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of coccidia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coccidiostat
A chemical agent generally added to animal feed to partially inhibit or delay the development of coccidiosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...