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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

cod
1. The fat-filled scrotum of a castrated bovine animal. ... 2. A common marine fish (family Gadidae) related to the haddock and pollack. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cod liver oil
<chemical> The partially destearinated fixed oil obtained from fresh livers of gadus morrhua and other species of gadidae, the cod family. It is used as a source of vitamins a and d. In veterinary medicine, it is also used topically to promote wound healing and in abscesses, burns, and dermatoses. ... Chemical name: Cod-liver oil ... (12 Dec 19 …

code
The genetic code is the correspondence between the triplet of bases in DNA with the amino acids. The discovery of the genetic code clearly ranks as one of the premiere events of what has been called the Golden Age of Biology (and Medicine). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

codecarboxylase
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate ...

codehydrogenase I
Codehydrogenase II ... An obsolete names for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, respectively. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codeine
<chemical> An opioid analgesic related to morphine but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, antitussive agents, narcotics. ... Chemical name: Morphinan-6-ol, 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5alpha,6alpha)- ... (12 …

codeine phosphate
A water-soluble salt of codeine often used in the pharmaceutical preparation of codeine-containing liquid medications. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codeine sulfate
A water-soluble salt of codeine, often used in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms. Also used in cough preparations, where the drug suppresses the cough reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codependency
<psychology> A relational pattern in which a person attempts to derive a sense of purpose through relationships with others. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Codex medicamentarius
The official title of the French Pharmacopeia. ... Origin: L. A book pertaining to drugs ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codfish vertebrae
Exaggeration of the concavity of the upper and lower end plates of the vertebrae, as demonstrated radiographically in various types of osteopenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coding
Translation of information, e.g., diagnoses, questionnaire responses, into numbered categories for entry into a data processing system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coding sequence
The portion of DNA that codes for transcription of messenger RNA. ... See: exon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coding strand
The strand of duplex DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA (except that mRNA contains ribonucleotides instead of deoxyribonucleotides). ... Synonym: sense strand. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Codman, Ernest Amory
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1869-1940. ... See: Codman's sign, Codman's triangle, Codman's tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Codman's sign
<clinical sign> In the absence of rotator cuff function, hunching of the shoulder occurs when the deltoid muscle contracts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Codman's triangle
In radiology, the interface between growing bone tumour and normal bone, presenting as an incomplete triangle formed by periosteum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Codman's tumour
Chondroblastoma of the proximal humerus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codogenic
Formed by a code; specifically, the genetic code. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codominance
<genetics> Two alleles of a gene which result in distinctly different phenotypes, but when they are both inherited together in an individual (one from the mother and one from the father - called heterozygosity), the individual has both of the phenotypes. ... For example: if one allele is for red hair and the other allele is for blue hair, then …

codominant
In genetics, denoting an equal degree of dominance of two genes, both being expressed in the phenotype of the individual; e.g., genes A and B of the ABO blood group are codominant; individuals with both are type AB. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codominant allele
Synonym for codominant ... In genetics, denoting an equal degree of dominance of two genes, both being expressed in the phenotype of the individual; e.g., genes A and B of the ABO blood group are codominant; individuals with both are type AB. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codominant gene
A set of two or more alleles, each expressed phenotypically in the presence of the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codominant inheritance
Inheritance in which two alleles are individually expressed in the presence of each other; there may be other alleles available at the locus that may or may not exhibit codominance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codominant trait
See: codominant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

codon
<molecular biology> The coding unit of DNA that specifies the function of the corresponding messenger RNA. ... A triplet of bases recognised by anticodons on transfer RNA and hence specifying an amino acid to be incorporated into a protein sequence. The code is degenerate, i.e. Each amino acid has more than one codon. The stop codon determines …

codon, initiator
Any codon that directs initiation of genetic translation (translation, genetic) by stimulating the binding of initiator tRNA. In prokaryotes, the codons aug or gug can act as initiators while in eukaryotes, aug is the only initiator codon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

codon, nonsense
A codon that is not assigned to an amino acid or to any stop signal. It was originally thought that nonsense codons were synonymous with terminator codons (codon, terminator) in that they signaled termination of a protein chain. Recent studies have found this not to be true. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

codon, terminator
Any codon that signals the termination of genetic translation (translation, genetic) by triggering the hydrolysis of the aminoacyl bond connecting the completed polypeptide to the tRNA. Terminator codons (uaa, uag, and uga) do not specify amino acids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Coe virus
<virology> A virus serologically identical with the A-21 strain of coxsackievirus; the cause of a common cold-like disease in military recruits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coe-
For words so beginning, and not found here, see ce-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coefficient
1. The expression of the amount or degree of any quality possessed by a substance, or of the degree of physical or chemical change normally occurring in that substance under stated conditions. ... 2. The ratio or factor that relates a quantity observed under one set of conditions to that observed under standard conditions, usually when all variables …

coefficient of consanguinity
Synonym for coefficient of inbreeding ... A statistical way of gauging how close two people are as to the genes. The coefficient of inbreeding (symbolised as F) is the probability that a person with two identical genes received both genes from an identical ancestor. Take first cousins who by definition share a set of grandparents. So for any particu …

coefficient of inbreeding
A statistical way of gauging how close two people are as to the genes. The coefficient of inbreeding (symbolised as F) is the probability that a person with two identical genes received both genes from an identical ancestor. Take first cousins who by definition share a set of grandparents. So for any particular allele (gene) in the father, the chan …

coefficient of kinship
The probability that two genes at the same locus, picked at random from each of two individuals, are identical by descent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coefficient of relationship
The probability that a gene present in one mate is also present in the other and is derived from the same source. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coefficient of variation
The ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coefficient of viscosity
The value of the force per unit area required to maintain a unit relative velocity between two parallel planes a unit distance apart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coelenterata
One of the major phyla of invertebrates, to which such forms as jellyfish belong. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coelenterate
Common name for members of the Coelenterata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac
Relating to the abdominal cavity. ... Origin: G. Koilia, belly ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac (lymphatic) plexus
A network formed of the efferent and afferent lymphatic vessels of the coeliac lymph nodes and related to the coeliac trunk; the afferent lymphatic vessels bring lymph primarily from structures served by the coeliac artery (stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and visceral aspect of the liver); the efferent vessels drain into the cisterna chyli/thoracic du …

coeliac (nervous) plexus
The most substantial, superior portion of the abdominal aortic plexus lying anterior to the aorta at the level of origin of the coeliac trunk (vertebral level T-12); the coeliac ganglia lie within the plexus; it is formed by contributions from the greater splanchnic and vagus (especially the posterior or right vagus) nerves and communicating branch …

coeliac artery
<anatomy, artery> The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coeliac axis
Synonym for coeliac trunk ... Origin, abdominal aorta just below diaphragm; branches, left gastric, common hepatic, splenic. ... Synonym: truncus coeliacus, arteria coeliaca, coeliac artery, coeliac axis, Haller's tripod. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac branches of vagus nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Terminal branches of the posterior vagal trunk conveying presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to-and visceral afferent fibres from-the coeliac plexus. ... Synonym: rami coeliaci nervi vagi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac disease
<disease, gastroenterology> Gluten enteropathy: atrophy of villi in small intestine leads to impaired absorption of nutrients. ... Caused by sensitivity to gluten (protein of wheat and rye). Sufferers have serum antibodies to gluten and show delayed hypersensitivity to gluten, the risk factor is ten times greater in HLA B8 positive individuals …

coeliac disease, adult
See Coeliac sprue. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coeliac ganglia
The largest and highest group of prevertebral sympathetic ganglia, located on the superior part of the abdominal aorta, on either side of the origin of the coeliac artery; contains sympathetic neurons whose unmyelinated postganglionic axons innervate the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, small intestine, and ascending and transverse colo …

coeliac glands
Synonym for coeliac lymph nodes ... Nodes located along the coeliac trunk which drain lymph from the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, spleen, and biliary tract and drain to the cisterna chyli via the right and left intestinal lymphatic trunks. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici coeliaci, coeliac glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac lymph nodes
Nodes located along the coeliac trunk which drain lymph from the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, spleen, and biliary tract and drain to the cisterna chyli via the right and left intestinal lymphatic trunks. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici coeliaci, coeliac glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac plexus reflex
Arterial hypotension coincident with surgical manipulations in the upper abdomen during general anaesthesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac rickets
Arrested growth, and osseous deformities associated with defective absorption of fat and calcium in coeliac disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliac sprue
<gastroenterology> An inherited disease where the intestinal lining is inflamed in response to the ingestion of a protein known as gluten. Gluten is present in many grains including rye, oats, barley and triticale. ... Symptoms in infants include diarrhoea, slow growth, bloody stools, weight loss, vomiting and clay-coloured stools. Symptoms in …

coeliac syndrome
Synonym for coeliac disease ... <disease, gastroenterology> Gluten enteropathy: atrophy of villi in small intestine leads to impaired absorption of nutrients. ... Caused by sensitivity to gluten (protein of wheat and rye). Sufferers have serum antibodies to gluten and show delayed hypersensitivity to gluten, the risk factor is ten times greater …

coeliac trunk
Origin, abdominal aorta just below diaphragm; branches, left gastric, common hepatic, splenic. ... Synonym: truncus coeliacus, arteria coeliaca, coeliac artery, coeliac axis, Haller's tripod. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeliagra
Rarely used term for sudden painful affection of the stomach or other abdominal organs. ... Origin: G. Koilia, belly, + agra, seizure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coelom
<biology, embryology> An internal fluid-filled body cavity (other than the gut) within an organism, it lies between the gut (derived from the endoderm) and the outer body wall (derived from the ectoderm) and is lined entirely with tissue derived from the mesoderm. ... It is formed from the mesoderm during embryonic development. It is found in …

coelomate
<embryology> A triploblastic organism which has an internal, fluid-filled body cavity which originated from the mesoderm during embryonic development. ... This cavity surrounds the gut, may contain various other organs, and is called a coelom. It differs from the pseudocoels of the pseudocoelomates because it is not derived from the blastocoel …

coelomic metaplasia
Potential of coelomic epithelium to differentiate into several different histologic cell types. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenesthesia
Synonym for cenesthesia ... The general sense of bodily existence; the sensation caused by the functioning of the internal organs. ... Synonym: coenesthesia, sixth sense. ... Origin: G. Koinos, common, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeno-
Shared in common. ... See: ceno-. ... Origin: G. Koinos, common ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenobium
<plant biology> Colony of cells formed by certain green algae, in which little or no specialisation of the cells occurs. The cells are often embedded in a mucilaginous matrix. ... Examples: Volvox, Pandorina. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coenocyte
<biology> Organism that is not subdivided into cells but has many nuclei within a mass of cytoplasm (a syncytium), as for example some fungi and algae and the acellular slime mould Physarum. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coenocytic
Synonym for cenocytic ... Pertaining to or having characteristics of a cenocyte. ... Synonym: coenocytic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenurosis
Synonym for cenurosis ... Cenuriasis ... Disease produced by the presence of a cenuris cyst that, in sheep, causes a brain infection known as 'gid' for the giddy gait induced in the infected animal; human cenurosis has been reported but is extremely unusual, in contrast with hydatid disease. ... Synonym: coenurosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coenurus
Former generic name, now used to designate larval forms of taenioid cestodes in which a bladder is formed with a number of invaginated scoleces developing within; distinguished from a hydatid cyst by the absence of free-floating daughter cyst colonies budded off within the bladder; Coenurus larvae are found in members of the genus Multiceps. ... Ori …

Coenurus cerebralis
The coenurus larvae of the tapeworm Multiceps multiceps, found in the brain and spinal cord of sheep, goats, and other ruminants (a few have been recorded in man); adults are found in the intestine of dogs, foxes, coyotes, and jackals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coenurus serialis
The coenurus larvae of the tapeworm Multiceps serialis, found in subcutaneous and intramuscular tissues of rabbits and hares (a few have been recorded in man); adult worms are found in the intestine of dogs, foxes, and jackals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenzyme
<biochemistry> An organic nonprotein molecule, frequently a phosphorylated derivative of a water soluble vitamin, that binds with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coenzyme A
<biochemistry> A derivative of adenosine triphosphate and pantothenic acid that can carry acyl groups (usually acetyl) as thioesters. Involved in many metabolic pathways, for example citric acid cycle and in fatty acid oxidation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coenzyme a ligases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. ... Registry number: EC 6.2.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coenzyme a-transferases
<enzyme> Enzymes which transfer coenzyme a moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors forming a thiol ester. Enzymes in this group are instrumental in ketone body metabolism and utilization of acetoacetate in mitochondria. ... Registry number: EC 2.8.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coenzyme B12
<biochemistry> A coenzyme derived from cobalamine which is involved in carbon skeletal rearrangements. It is the only biomolecule known that has a carbon-metal bond. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coenzyme F
Synonym for tetrahydrofolic acid ... The active coenzyme form of folic acid; participates in one-carbon metabolism. ... Synonym: coenzyme F. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenzyme factor
Synonym for dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme oxidizing dihydrolipoamide at the expense of NAD+; completes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate; a part of several enzyme complexes (e.g., alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex). Decreased activity leads to neuronal loss in brain resulting in psychomotor retardation.< …

coenzyme I
An obsolete name for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenzyme II
An obsolete for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenzyme M
<biochemistry> 2 mercaptoethane sulphonic acid. This substance is involved in the formation of methane from carbon dioxide by methanogenic bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coenzyme Q
Quinones with isoprenoid side chains (specifically, ubiquinones) that mediate electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome c; chemically similar to vitamins E and K, and to other tocopherols, quinones, and tocols. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coenzyme q10
<biochemistry> A substance that assists in the oxidation of nutrients within cells to create energy. It is also highly efficient at protecting internal and external cell membranes against oxidation and is sometimes proposed as a complementary therapy to combat AIDS-related conditions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

coenzyme R
Synonym for biotin ... <biochemistry> A prosthetic group for carboxylase enzymes. Important in fatty acid biosynthesis and catabolism and has found widespread use as a covalent label for macromolecules which may then be detected by high affinity binding of labelled avidin or streptavidin. Essential growth factor for many cells. ... (18 Nov 1997 …

coenzymes
Organic nonprotein molecules, frequently phosphorylated derivatives of water-soluble vitamins, that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzymes) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme). They are catalysts for the activation of enzymes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coercion
The process of compelling a person to act, or refrain from acting, contrary to his free choice often by use of threat of physical or moral force. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coeur
A french term for heart. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coeur en sabot
<radiology> The radiographic configuration of the heart in the tetralogy of Fallot; the elevated apex gives a silhouette like that of a wooden shoe ... Synonym: sabot heart, wooden-shoe heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coevolution
<epidemiology> Changes in the genotypes of two or more species that are a direct consequence of the species' interaction with one another. The process whereby genes or gene fragments are changing together and not diverging. ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

cofactor
<biochemistry> Inorganic complement of an enzyme reaction, usually a metal ions. ... See: coenzyme. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coferment
<biochemistry> An obsolete term for coenzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coffee
<botany> Rubiaceous trees or shrubs, coffea arabica and c. Robusta, that yield caffeine and theophylline. Ground beans or seeds are infused with water to make beverage. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

coffee-ground vomit
<gastroenterology, symptom> Vomit consisting of fresh or old blood. ... See: black vomit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coffey suspension
<procedure, surgery> An operative technique following partial excision of the cornu, as in salpingectomy, whereby the broad and the round ligament are sutured over the cornual wound to restore continuity of the peritoneum and to suspend the uterus on the operated side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coffey, Robert
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1869-1933. ... See: Coffey suspension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

coffin joint
<anatomy, veterinary> The distal interphalangeal articulation of the horse, a compound synovial joint between the middle and distal phalanges and also with the distal sesamoid or navicular bone on the caudal side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Coffin-Lowry syndrome
Synonym for Coffin-Siris syndrome ... <syndrome> Mental retardation with wide bulbous (pugilistic) nose, low nasal bridge, moderate hirsutism, and digital anomalies with nail hypoplasia (especially of the fifth fingers). ... The full syndrome occurs only in males, but female relatives may have abnormal fingers and mild mental retardation. ... In …

Coffin-Siris syndrome
<syndrome> Mental retardation with wide bulbous (pugilistic) nose, low nasal bridge, moderate hirsutism, and digital anomalies with nail hypoplasia (especially of the fifth fingers). ... The full syndrome occurs only in males, but female relatives may have abnormal fingers and mild mental retardation. ... Inheritance: X-linked, incompletely rec …

Coffin, Grange
<person> U.S. Paediatrician, *1923. ... See: Coffin-Lowry syndrome, Coffin-Siris syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

cofilin
<cell biology> Actin severing protein (19 kD), related to destrin. Binds to the side of filaments and is pH sensitive. ... Shares with tropomyosin a 13 amino acid F actin binding domain. Very similar to actin depolymerising factor. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

coformycin
<chemical> A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from nocardia interforma and streptomyces kaniharaensis. It is proposed as an antineoplastic synergist and immunosuppressant. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic, enzyme inhibitors, immunosuppressive agents. ... Chemical name: Imidazo …

Cogan-Reese syndrome
Synonym for iridocorneal endothelial syndrome ... <syndrome> Syndrome of glaucoma, iris atrophy, decreased corneal endothelium, anterior peripheral synechia, and multiple iris nodules. ... Synonym: Cogan-Reese syndrome, iris-nevus syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...