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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

clonism
A long continued state of clonic spasms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clonixin
<chemical> Anti-inflammatory analgesic. ... Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. ... Chemical name: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-((3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)amino)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clonogenic
Arising from or consisting of a clone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clonogenic assay
In vitro culturing of neoplastic cells to test their radiosensitivity or chemosensitivity, and probable clinical efficacy of a therapeutic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clonogenic cell
A cell that has the potential to proliferate and give rise to a colony of cell's; some daughter cell's from each generation retain this potential to proliferate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clonograph
An instrument for registering the movements in clonic spasm. ... Origin: G. Klonos, tumult, + grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clonorchiasis
Infection of the biliary passages with clonorchis sinensis, also called opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clonorchiosis
Synonym for clonorchiasis ... Infection of the biliary passages with clonorchis sinensis, also called opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. ... (12 Dec …

clonorchis sinensis
<radiology> Liver fluke, endemic to China, Japan, SE Asia, (?) cause of Oriental cholangitis, associated with cholangiocarcinoma !, bile duct is preferred site, snail reservoir leading to fresh water fish, XR: multiple stones in common bile duct ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clonospasm
Synonym for clonus ... <neurology, physiology> A form of movement marked by contractions and relaxations of a muscle, occurring in rapid succession. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

clonus
<neurology, physiology> A form of movement marked by contractions and relaxations of a muscle, occurring in rapid succession. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

clopamide
<chemical> A diuretic with properties similar to those of the thiazide diuretics even though it does not contain a thiazide ring system. ... Pharmacological action: diuretics, sulfamyl. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, 3-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-, cis- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clopenthixol
<chemical> A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at d1 and d2 dopamine receptors. ... Pharmacological action: antipsychotic agents, dopamine antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1-Piperazineethanol, 4-(3-(2-chloro-9H-thioxanthen-9-ylidene)propyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clopidol
<chemical> A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry. ... Pharmacological action: coccidiostats. ... Chemical name: 4-Pyridinol, 3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

cloprostenol
<chemical> 7-(2-beta-(4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid. A synthetic prostaglandin f2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle. ... Chemical name: 5-Heptenoic acid, 7-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxy-1-butenyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclop …

Cloquet, Hippolyte
<person> French anatomist, 1787-1840. ... See: Cloquet's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cloquet, Jules
<person> French anatomist, 1790-1883. ... See: Cloquet's canal, Cloquet's hernia, Cloquet's septum, node of Cloquet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cloquet's canal
Synonym for hyaloid canal ... A minute canal running through the vitreous from the discus nervi optici to the lens, containing in foetal life a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery. ... See: vitreous, hyaloid artery. ... Synonym: canalis hyaloideus, central canal of the vitreous, Cloquet's canal, Stilling's canal. ... (0 …

Cloquet's hernia
A femoral hernia perforating the aponeurosis of the pectineus and insinuating itself between this aponeurosis and the muscle, lying therefore behind the femoral vessels. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cloquet's septum
Synonym for femoral septum ... The delicate fibrous membrane that closes the femoral ring at the base of the femoral canal. ... Synonym: septum femorale, Cloquet's septum, crural septum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Cloquet's space
A space between the ciliary zonule and the vitreous body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clorazepate
7-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate;the mono-or dipotassium salt is used as an anti-anxiety agent; a benzodiazepine prodrug for nordiazepam. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clorazepate dipotassium
<chemical> A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions. ... Pharmacological action: anti-anxiety agents, anticonvulsants, gaba modulators. ... Chemical name: 1H-1,4-Benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid, 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-, monopotassium sal …

clorgyline
<chemical> An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to pargyline. ... Pharmacological action: antidepressive agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: 2-Propyn-1-amine, N-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl)-N-methyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clorprenaline hydrochloride
O-chloro-alpha-(isopropylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol hydrochloride;a bronchodilator. ... Synonym: isoprophenamine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

close bite
Synonym for small interarch distance ... A small distance between the maxillary and mandibular arches. ... Synonym: close bite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

close contact infection
<epidemiology> An infection which requires close contact, other than sexual contact, between susceptible and infectious individuals, for transmission. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

closed anaesthesia
Inhalation anaesthesia in which there is total rebreathing of all exhaled gases, except carbon dioxide which is absorbed; gas flow into the anaesthetic circuit consists only of oxygen, in amounts equal to the patient's metabolic consumption, plus small amounts of other gases (e.g., nitrous oxide) which undergo continued uptake by and distribution i …

closed bite
<dentistry> A malocclusion where your upper teeth cover your lower teeth when you bite down. This is also called a deep bite. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

closed chain compound
Synonym for cyclic compound ... Any compound in which the constituent atoms, or any part of them, form a ring. Used mainly in organic chemistry where: 1) numerous compound's contain rings of carbon atoms (carbocyclic compound's) or carbon atoms plus one or more atoms of other types (heterocyclic compound's), usually nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; 2) w …

closed chest massage
Rhythmic compression of the heart between sternum and spine by depressing the lower sternum backward with the heels of the hands, the patient lying supine. ... Synonym: external cardiac massage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed circle
A circuit for administration of an inhalation anaesthetic in which there is complete rebreathing with carbon dioxide absorption. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed circuit method
A method for measuring oxygen consumption in which the subject rebreathes an initial quantity of oxygen through a carbon dioxide absorber and the decrease in the volume of oxygen being rebreathed is noted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed comedo
A comedo with a narrow or obstructed opening on the skin surface; closed comedo's may rupture, producing a low-grade dermal inflammatory reaction. ... Synonym: whitehead. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed dislocation
A dislocation not complicated by an external wound. ... Synonym: simple dislocation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed drainage
Drainage of a body cavity via a water-or air-tight system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed fracture
A fracture in which skin is intact at site of fracture. ... Synonym: simple fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed head injury
A head injury in which continuity of the scalp and mucous membranes is maintained. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed hospital
A hospital that restricts membership on its attending or consulting staff, and thereby limits who may admit and treat patients. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed reading frame
Synonym for blocked reading frame ... A sequence of DNA that cannot be translated into a viable protein; usually due to the interruption by one or more termination codons. ... Synonym: closed reading frame. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed reduction
The physical manipulation of a joint or bone externally (without making a surgical incision) to affect a joint relocation or more proper anatomic alignment of broken bone fragments. Closed reductions are often performed using intravenous analgesics, local anaesthetic nerve blocks or regional anaesthesia. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

closed reduction of fractures
Reduction by manipulation of bone, without incision in the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed skull fracture
Fracture with intact overlying scalp and/or mucous membranes. ... Synonym: simple skull fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed surgery
Surgery without incision into skin, e.g., reduction of a fracture or dislocation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closed system
<biology, ecology> A chemical or biological system that exchanges no matter or energy with the ouside environment. ... (12 Mar 1998) ...

closed-angle glaucoma
angle-closure glaucoma ...

closed-loop obstruction
Obstruction of a segment of intestine by rotation on a fixed point (volvulus); frequently impairs venous circulation of the affected bowel segment, resulting in strangulation and gangrene; the segment of intestine contained in a hernia can also become a closed-loop obstruction when sufficient compression occurs at the neck of the sac. ... (05 Mar 20 …

closing contraction
Contraction produced at the time of closing of the circuit when using direct current to stimulate the muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closing membranes
Thin sheets, composed of ectoderm externally and endoderm internally, which separate the pharyngeal pouches from the overlying branchial clefts in the early embryo. ... Synonym: pharyngeal membranes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closing volume
The lung volume at which the dependent lung zones cease to ventilate presumably as a result of airway closure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

closiramine aceturate
8-Chloro-11-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine compound with N-acetylglycine;an antihistaminic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closterovirus
A group of plant viruses with highly flexuous filaments; some members are important pathogens of crop plants. Some are transmitted by aphids in a semi-persistent manner. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clostridia
Plural of clostridium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clostridial
Relating to any bacterium of the genus Clostridium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clostridial myonecrosis
A severe form of gangrene (tissue necrosis) caused by Clostridium infection. Also referred to as necrotising subcutaneous infection. Results in death of the subcutaneous tissues and muscle layers. ... See: necrotising fascitis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

clostridiopeptidase A
Synonym for Clostridium histolyticum collagenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of collagen, preferentially at peptide bonds on the amino side of a glycylprolyl sequence. ... Synonym: clostridiopeptidase A, collagenase A, collagenase I. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clostridiopeptidase B
Synonym for clostripain ... A cysteine proteinase cleaving preferentially at the carboxyl side of arginyl and lysyl residues. It also has an esterase activity. ... Synonym: clostridiopeptidase B, Clostridium histolyticum proteinase B. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium
<bacteria> Genus of gram-positive anaerobic spore forming bacilli commonly found in soil. Many species produce exotoxins of great potency, the best known being clostridium botulinum and clostridium tetani. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

Clostridium bifermentans
A species found in putrid meat and gaseous gangrene; also commonly found in soil, faeces, and sewage. Its pathogenicity varies from strain to strain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clostridium botulinum
The aetiologic agent of botulism in man, wild ducks, and other waterfowl. It is also responsible for certain forms of forage poisoning in horses and cattle. The bacterium produces a powerful exotoxin that is resistant to proteolytic digestion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Clostridium butyricum
A species which occurs in naturally soured milk, in naturally fermented starchy plant substances, and in soil; it is not pathogenic. It is the type species of the genus Clostridium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium cadaveris
A species found in a human cadaver and in the peritoneum of a rabbit; it is not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium carnis
A species found in a rabbit inoculated with soil; it is pathogenic for laboratory animals, in which an exotoxin produces oedema, necrosis, and death. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium chauvoei
A species which causes blackleg, black quarter, or symptomatic anthrax in cattle and other animals and which produces an exotoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium cochlearium
A species found in human war wounds and septic infections; it is not pathogenic for guinea pigs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium colinum
A species causing ulcerative enteritis in quail and chickens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium fallax
A species found in war wounds, appendicitis, and black leg of sheep; it produces a weak exotoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium haemolyticum
A species found in cattle dying of icterohemoglobinuria; it is pathogenic and toxic for guinea pigs and rabbits and produces an unstable, haemolytic toxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium histolyticum
A species found in war wounds, where it induces necrosis of tissue; it produces a cytolytic exotoxin that causes local necrosis and sloughing on injection; it is not toxic on feeding; it is pathogenic for small laboratory animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clostridium infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus clostridium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Clostridium innominatum
A species found in septic and gangrenous war wounds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium microsporum
A species found in the abdominal contents of a fatal case of peritonitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium multifermentans
A species found in a human muscle infected with gas gangrene; also found in fermented olives and spoiled chocolate candy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium nigrificans
Former name for Desulfotomaculum nigrificans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium novyi
A species consisting of three types, A, B, and C; type A, from a case of gaseous gangrene and from human necrotic hepatitis, produces gamma-toxin (a haemolytic lecithinase); B, from black disease (infectious necrotic hepatitis) of sheep, produces beta-toxin (a haemolytic lecithinase); and C, found in bacillary osteomyelitis of water buffaloes, does …

Clostridium oedematiens
Synonym for Clostridium novyi ... A species consisting of three types, A, B, and C; type A, from a case of gaseous gangrene and from human necrotic hepatitis, produces gamma-toxin (a haemolytic lecithinase); B, from black disease (infectious necrotic hepatitis) of sheep, produces beta-toxin (a haemolytic lecithinase); and C, found in bacillary osteo …

Clostridium parabotulinum
A species containing organisms formerly referred to as Clostridium botulinum types A and B; the types are identified by protection tests with known type antitoxin; it produces a powerful exotoxin and is pathogenic for man and other animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium paraputrificum
A species found in faeces, especially those of infants, gaseous gangrene, and postmortem fluid and tissue cultures; it is not pathogenic for rabbits or guinea pigs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clostridium perfringens
The most common aetiologic agent of gas gangrene. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Clostridium ramosum
A species found in the natural cavities of man and other animals as well as in sea water; it is also found in association with mastoiditis, otitis, pulmonary gangrene, putrid pleurisy, appendicitis, intestinal infections, balanitis, liver abscess, osteomyelitis, septicaemia, and urinary infections, as well as in the vagina and in faeces. It was for …

Clostridium septicum
A species found in malignant oedema of animals, in human war wounds, and in cases of appendicitis; it is pathogenic for guinea pigs, rabbits, mice, and pigeons and produces an exotoxin that is lethal and haemolytic. ... Synonym: Ghon-Sachs bacillus, Sachs' bacillus, vibrion septique. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium sordelli
A species causing big head in rams. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium sphenoides
A species found in gangrenous war wounds; it is not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium sporogenes
A species found in intestinal contents, gaseous gangrene, and soil; it is not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits, but does produce a slight, temporary, local tumefaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium tale
A species found in a case of acute appendicitis and in canned fish; pathogenicity for laboratory animals is variable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium tertium
A species found in wounds, but that is nonpathogenic for laboratory animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clostridium tetani
The cause of tetanus in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a haemolytic toxin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Clostridium tetanoides
A species found in war wounds, postmortem blood cultures, and garden soil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium tetanomorphum
A species found in war wounds and soil; it is not pathogenic for rabbits or guinea pigs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum
A species of thermophilic bacteria found in 'hard swell' of canned goods; it is not pathogenic to laboratory animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Clostridium welchii
Synonym for clostridium perfringens ... The most common aetiologic agent of gas gangrene. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clostripain
A cysteine proteinase cleaving preferentially at the carboxyl side of arginyl and lysyl residues. It also has an esterase activity. ... Synonym: clostridiopeptidase B, Clostridium histolyticum proteinase B. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closure
1. The completion of a reflex pathway. ... 2. The place of coupling between stimuli in the establishment of conditioned learning. ... 3. To achieve or experience a sense of completion in a mental task. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closure principle
In psychology, the principle that when one views fragmentary stimuli forming a nearly complete figure (e.g., an incomplete rectangle) one tends to ignore the missing parts and perceive the figure as whole. ... See: gestalt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

closylate
USAN-approved contraction for p-chlorobenzenesulfonate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clot
1. To coagulate, said especially of blood. ... 2. A soft, nonrigid, insoluble mass formed when a liquid (e.g., blood or lymph) gels. ... Origin: O.E. Klott, lump ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clot retraction
Retraction of a clot resulting from contraction of platelet pseudopods attached to fibrin strands that is dependent on the contractile protein thrombosthenin. Used as a measure of platelet function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clot retraction time
The time required for a blood clot to separate from the tube wall and express serum, usually completed in 18 to 24 hours, but retarded or absent in persons with thrombocytopenic purpura. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

clot-dissolving medications
Agents such as plasminogen-activator (t-PA) and streptokinase that are effective in dissolving clots and re-opening arteries. Used, for example, in the treatment of heart attacks. Also called thrombolytic agents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

clotrimazole
<drug> An antifungal drug used as a topical agent for oral and vaginal candidiasis. ... (11 Nov 1997) ...