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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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cinnamylic acidSynonym for cinnamic acid ... C6H5CH==CHCOOH; 3-phenylpropenoic acid;obtained from cinnamon oil, Peruvian and tolu balsams, or storax. It has been used in lupus as paint and in infectious diseases to promote leukocytosis. ... Synonym: cinnamylic acid, phenylacrylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
cinnarizine<chemical> An antihistaminic with considerable antiemetic properties. It is used mainly for the symptomatic treatment of nausea and vertigo accompanying meniere's disease and for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antiemetics, histamine h1 antagonists. ... Chemical name: Piperazine …
cinnipirineSynonym for cinnarizine ... <chemical> An antihistaminic with considerable antiemetic properties. It is used mainly for the symptomatic treatment of nausea and vertigo accompanying meniere's disease and for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antiemetics, histamine h1 antagonists.
cinocentrum
Synonym for cytocentrum ... A zone of cytoplasm containing one or two centrioles but devoid of other organelles; usually located near the nucleus of a cell. ... Synonym: cell centre, central body, centrosome, cinocentrum, kinocentrum, microcentrum. ... Origin: cyto-+ G. Kentron, centre ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
cinoxacin
<chemical> Synthetic antimicrobial related to oxolinic and nalidixic acids and used in urinary tract infections. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, quinolone. ... Chemical name: (1,3)Dioxolo(4,5-g)cinnoline-3-carboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
cinoxate
2-Ethoxyethyl p-methoxycinnamate;an ultraviolet screen for topical application on the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
cion
Archaic term for uvula. ... Origin: G. Kion, pillar, the uvula ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ciona intestinalis
The only species of a cosmopolitan ascidian. It is useful as a research animal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ciprofloxacin
<drug> An oral antibiotic approved for the treatment of many common bacterial infections. Sometimes administered to treat MAC in combination with other drugs. Possible side effects include gastrointestinal upset, seizures and rash. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
C17H18FN3O3-HCl-H2O;a synthetic fluoroquinolone broad spectrum, antibacterial with activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circadian
Relating to biologic variations or rhythms with a cycle of about 24 hours. ... Compare: infradian, ultradian. ... Origin: L. Circa, about, + dies, day ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circadian clock
<physiology> A biological timing mechanism that controls cell synchronisation (a entire population of cells divides simultaneously). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
circadian rhythm
The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, feeding, etc. This rhythm seems to be set by a 'biological clock' which seems to be set by recurring daylight and darkness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Circe effect
An effect observed in enzyme catalysis in which accelerated diffusion of the substrate occurs through attractive forces of the enzyme's active site. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circellus
Synonym: circle. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circellus venosus hypoglossi
Synonym for venous plexus of hypoglossal canal ... A small venous network around the hypoglossal nerve, connecting with the occipital sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, and internal jugular vein. ... Synonym: plexus venosus canalis hypoglossi, circellus venosus hypoglossi, rete canalis hypoglossi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circhoral
Occurring cyclically about once an hour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circinate
Circular; ring-shaped. ... Origin: L. Circinatus, made round, pp. Of circino, to make round, fr. Circinus, a pair of compasses ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circinate retinitis
See: circinate retinopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circinate retinopathy
A retinal degeneration marked by a girdle of sharply defined white exudates around an edematous macula; usually bilateral and typically affects the aged. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circinnate
Spirally coiled, with the tip innermost. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
circle
1. A ring-shaped structure or group of structures. ... 2. A line or process with every point equidistant from the centre. ... Synonym: circellus. ... Origin: L. Circulus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circle absorption anaesthesia
Inhalation anaesthesia in which a circuit with carbon dioxide absorbent is used for complete (closed) or partial (semiclosed) rebreathing of exhaled gases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circle of willis
<anatomy> A group of arteries surrounding the base of the brain. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
circling disease
Listeriosis in sheep. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circoviridae
A family of very small viruses containing circular, single-stranded DNA and possessing no envelope. The modes of transmission are not known. There is one genus: circovirus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
circoviridae infections
Virus diseases caused by the circoviridae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
circovirus
A genus of the family circoviridae that infects fowl, swine, and psittacine birds. It is the only DNA virus affecting mammals which contains a single-stranded circular genome. The three species are chicken anaemia virus causing transient anaemia and immunosuppression in baby chicks; beak and feather disease virus causing a fatal disease in psittaci …
circuit
The path or course of flow of cases or electric or other currents. ... Origin: L. Circuitus, a going round, fr. Circum, around, + eo, pp. Itus, to go ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular amputation
Amputation performed by a circular incision through the skin, the muscles being similarly divided higher up, and the bone higher still. ... Synonym: guillotine amputation, linear amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular anastomosis
Anastomosis performed after cutting each structure to be joined in a plane vertical to the ultimate flow through the structures. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular bandage
One encircling an extremity, or a portion of it, or the trunk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular dichroism
<chemistry> Differential absorption of right hand and left hand circularly polarized light resulting from molecular asymmetry involving a chromophore group. Circular dichroism is used to study the conformation of proteins in solution. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
circular DNA
<molecular biology> C.f. Linear DNA. ... Examples: plasmids, bacterial, mitochondrial, chloroplast and some viral genomes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
circular fibres
The circular fibres of the ciliary muscle. ... Synonym: fibrae circulares, Muller's fibres, Muller's muscle, Rouget's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular folds
Synonym for plicae circulares ... The numerous folds of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, running transversely for about two-thirds of the circumference of the gut. ... Synonym: circular folds, Kerckring's folds, Kerckring's valves, valvulae conniventes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular layer of muscular coat
The inner, circular layer of the smooth muscle of the muscular coat. Nomina Anatomica lists circular layers of muscular coats (stratum circulare tunicae muscularis...) of the following: 1) colon (... Coli ); 2) rectum (... Recti ); 3) small intestine (... Intestini tenuis ); 4) stomach (... Gastrici ). ... Synonym: stratum circulare tunicae muscular …
circular layer of tympanic membrane
Synonym for stratum circulare membranae tympani ... Circular fibres deep to the radiate layer of the membrane that are more abundant near the periphery; not present in the pars flaccida. ... Synonym: circular layer of tympanic membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular layers of muscular tunics
Synonym for circular layer of muscular coat ... The inner, circular layer of the smooth muscle of the muscular coat. Nomina Anatomica lists circular layers of muscular coats (stratum circulare tunicae muscularis...) of the following: 1) colon (... Coli ); 2) rectum (... Recti ); 3) small intestine (... Intestini tenuis ); 4) stomach (... Gastrici ). …
circular reaction
In sensorimotor theory, the tendency of an organism to repeat novel experiences. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular sinus
Dural venous formation which surrounds the hypophysis, composed of right and left cavernous sinuses and the intercavernous sinuses. ... Synonym: circulus venosus ridleyi, Ridley's circle. ... A venous sinus at the periphery of the placenta. ... Synonym: sinus venosus sclerae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular sulcus of insula
A semicircular fissure demarcating the insula from the opercula above, below, and behind. ... Synonym: sulcus circularis insulae, circular sulcus of Reil, limiting sulcus of Reil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circular sulcus of Reil
Synonym for circular sulcus of insula ... A semicircular fissure demarcating the insula from the opercula above, below, and behind. ... Synonym: sulcus circularis insulae, circular sulcus of Reil, limiting sulcus of Reil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circulation
<physiology> Movement in a regular or circuitous course, as the movement of the blood through the heart and blood vessels. ... Origin: L. Circulatio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
circulation time
The time taken for the blood to pass through a given circuit of the vascular system, e.g., the pulmonary or systemic circulation, from one arm to another, from arm to tongue, or from arm to lung; it is measured by the injection into an arm vein of a substance, such as sodium dehydrocholate, ether, fluorescein, histamine, or a radium salt, which can …
circulation, foetal
The blood circulation in the foetus (the unborn baby). Before birth, the blood from the heart that is destined (in the pulmonary artery) for the lungs is shunted away from the lungs and returned to the greatest of arteries (the aorta). The shunt is through a short vessel called the ductus arteriosus. When this shunt is open, it is said to be a pate …
circulatory
Having to do with the circulation, the movement of fluid in a regular or circuitous course. Although the adjective circulatory need not necessarily refer to the circulation of the blood, for all practical purposes today it does. A circulatory problem is taken usually to be a problem with the blood circulation, for example with heart failure. ... (12 …
circulatory arrest
Cessation of the circulation of blood as a result of ventricular standstill or fibrillation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circulatory collapse
Failure of the circulation, either cardiac or peripheral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circulatory system
The circulatory system is a composed of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. It serves to transport blood low in oxygen from the body to the lungs and heart (veins) and oxygenated blood from the lungs and heart throughout the body (arteries). (see heart, blood). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
circulus
1. Any ringlike structure. ... 2. A circle formed by connecting arteries, veins, or nerves. ... Origin: L. Dim. Of circus, circle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circulus arteriosus cerebri
Synonym for arterial circle of cerebrum ... An anastomotic 'circle' of arteries (roughly pentagonal in outline) at the base of the brain, formed, sequentially and in anterior to posterior direction, by the anterior communicating artery, the two anterior cerebral, the two internal carotid, the two posterior communicating, and the two posterior cerebr …
circulus arteriosus halleri
Synonym for vascular circle of optic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A network of branches of the short ciliary arteries on the sclera around the point of entrance of the optic nerve. ... Synonym: circulus vasculosus nervi optici, circulus arteriosus halleri, circulus zinnii, Haller's circle, Zinn's corona, Zinn's vascular circle. ... (05 Mar 2000)
circulus arteriosus iridis major
Synonym for greater arterial circle of iris ... An arterial circle at the ciliary border of the iris. ... Synonym: circulus arteriosus iridis major. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circulus arteriosus iridis minor
Synonym for lesser arterial circle of iris ... An arterial circle near the pupillary margin of the iris. ... Synonym: circulus arteriosus iridis minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circulus articularis vasculosus
articular vascular circle, articular vascular network ...
circulus vasculosus nervi optici
Synonym for vascular circle of optic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A network of branches of the short ciliary arteries on the sclera around the point of entrance of the optic nerve. ... Synonym: circulus vasculosus nervi optici, circulus arteriosus halleri, circulus zinnii, Haller's circle, Zinn's corona, Zinn's vascular circle. ... (05 Mar 2000)
circulus venosus halleri
areolar venous plexus ...
circulus venosus ridleyi
Synonym for circular sinus ... Dural venous formation which surrounds the hypophysis, composed of right and left cavernous sinuses and the intercavernous sinuses. ... Synonym: circulus venosus ridleyi, Ridley's circle. ... A venous sinus at the periphery of the placenta. ... Synonym: sinus venosus sclerae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circulus zinnii
Synonym for vascular circle of optic nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A network of branches of the short ciliary arteries on the sclera around the point of entrance of the optic nerve. ... Synonym: circulus vasculosus nervi optici, circulus arteriosus halleri, circulus zinnii, Haller's circle, Zinn's corona, Zinn's vascular circle. ... (05 Mar 2000)
circum-
A circular movement, or a position surrounding the part indicated by the word to which it is joined. ... See: peri-. ... Origin: L. Around ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumalveolar fixation
Stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed through and around the dental alveolar process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumanal
Surrounding the anus. ... Synonym: perianal, periproctic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumanal glands
Large apocrine sweat glands surrounding the anus. ... Synonym: glandulae circumanales, Gay's glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumarticular
Surrounding a joint. ... Synonym: periarthric, periarticular. ... Origin: circum-+ L. Articulus, joint ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumaxillary
Around the axilla. ... Synonym: periaxillary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumbulbar
Synonym for peribulbar ... Surrounding any bulb, especially the eyeball or the bulb of the urethra. ... Synonym: circumbulbar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumcise
To perform circumcision, especially of the prepuce. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumcision
<procedure, surgery> The surgical removal of end of the prepuce of the penis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
circumcision, female
A general term encompassing both the excision of a portion of the external female genitalia (sunna and pharaonic circumcision) and infibulation. Although it is associated with severe health risks and has been declared illegal in many places, it is widely practiced in a number of countries, particularly in africa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
circumcorneal
Synonym for pericorneal ... Surrounding the cornea. ... Synonym: circumcorneal, perikeratic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumduction
1. Movement of a part, e.g., an extremity, in a circular direction. ... Synonym: cycloduction. ... Origin: circum-+ L. Duco, pp. Ductus, to draw ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumduction gait
Synonym for hemiplegic gait ... Gait in which the leg is stiff, without flexion at knee and ankle, and with each step is rotated away from the body, then towards it, forming a semicircle. ... Synonym: circumduction gait, spastic gait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumference
The outer boundary, especially of a circular area. ... Synonym: circumferentia. ... Origin: L. Circumferentia, a bearing around ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferentia
Synonym: circumference, circumference. ... Origin: L. A bearing around ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferentia articularis radii
Synonym for articular circumference of radius ... The portion of the head of the radius that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna. ... Synonym: circumferentia articularis radii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferentia articularis ulnae
Synonym for articular circumference of ulna ... The portion of the head of the ulna that articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius. ... Synonym: circumferentia articularis ulnae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferential cartilage
Synonym for acetabular labrum ... A fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of the acetabulum of the hip bone. ... Synonym: labrum acetabulare, acetabular lip, circumferential cartilage, cotyloid ligament, ligamentum cotyloideum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferential clasp
A clasp that encircles more than 180° of a tooth, including opposite angles, and which usually contacts the tooth throughout the extent of the clasp, at least one terminal being in the infrabulge (gingival convergence) area, a clasp consisting of two circumferential clasp arms, both of which originate from the same minor connector and are located o …
circumferential clasp arm
A clasp arm which has its origin in a minor connector and which follows the contour of the tooth approximately in a plane perpendicular to the path of insertion of the partial denture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferential fibrocartilage
A ring of fibrocartilage around the articular end of a bone, serving to deepen the joint cavity. ... See: acetabular labrum, glenoid labrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferential implantation
Synonym for central implantation ... <obstetrics> Implantation in which the blastocyst remains in the uterine cavity, as in carnivores, rhesus monkeys, and rabbits. ... Synonym: circumferential implantation, superficial implantation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferential lamella
A bony lamella that encircles the outer or inner surface of a bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumferential wiring
Fixation of mandibular fractures by passing wires around a section of bone with the ends exiting into the oral cavity; i.e., circummandibular and circumzygomatic wiring. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumflex
Describing an arc of a circle or that which winds around something; denotes several anatomical structures: arteries, veins, nerves, and muscles. ... Origin: circum-+ L. Flexus, to bend ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumflex femoral arteries
See: lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumflex fibular artery
<anatomy, artery> The circumflex fibular branch, a branch of the posterior tibial artery which winds around the neck of the fibula and joins the anastomoses around the knee joint. ... Synonym: ramus circumflexus fibularis arteriae tibialis posterioris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumflex humeral arteries
See: anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumflex iliac arteries
See: deep circumflex iliac artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumflex nerve
Synonym for axillary nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla, passes laterally and posteriorly through quadrangular space with the posterior circumflex artery, winding round the surgical neck of the humerus to supply the deltoid and teres minor muscles, terminating as the superior lateral …
circumflex scapular artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, subscapular; distribution, muscles of shoulder and scapular region; anastomoses, branches of suprascapular and transverse cervical. ... Synonym: arteria circumflexa scapulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumflex veins
See: deep circumflex iliac vein, superficial circumflex iliac vein, lateral circumflex femoral veins, medial circumflex femoral veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumgemmal
Surrounding a budlike or bulblike body; denoting a mode of nerve termination by fibrils surrounding an end bulb. ... Synonym: perigemmal. ... Origin: circum-+ L. Gemma, a bud ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumintestinal
Synonym for perienteric ... Surrounding the intestine. ... Synonym: circumintestinal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumlental
Synonym for perilenticular ... Surrounding the lens of the eye. ... Synonym: circumlental. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circummandibular
Around or about the mandible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circummandibular fixation
Stabilization of a fracture segment or surgical splint by wire passed around the mandible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumocular
Around the eye. ... Synonym: periocular, periophthalmic. ... Origin: circum-+ L. Oculus, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumoral
Synonym: perioral. ... Origin: circum-+ L. Os (oris), mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
circumorbital
Around the orbit. ... Synonym: periorbital. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
