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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

chondroclast
A multinucleated cell (giant cell) involved in the resorption of calcified cartilage; morphologically identical to osteoblasts. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Klastos, broken in pieces ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrocostal
Synonym: costochondral. ... Origin: chondro-+ L. Costa, rib ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrocranium
A cartilaginous skull; the cartilaginous parts of the developing skull. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Kranion, skull ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrocyte
<pathology> Differentiated cell responsible for secretion of extracellular matrix of cartilage. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

chondrocytes
Mature cartilage cells embedded in lacunae within the cartilage matrix. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondrodynia
<symptom> Pain in and around cartilage. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

chondrodysplasia
<embryology, orthopaedics> A disturbance in the development of cartilage, primarily the long bones. This can result in arrested growth and dwarfism. ... Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

chondrodysplasia punctata
A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (chondrodysplasia punctata, rhizomelic), an autosomal dominant form (conradi-hunermann syndrome), and a milder x-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes ar …

chondrodystrophia
<embryology, orthopaedics> A disturbance in the development of cartilage, primarily the long bones. This can result in arrested growth and dwarfism. ... (15 Jan 1998) ...

chondrodystrophic dwarfism
See: chondrodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrodystrophy
A disturbance in the development of cartilage, primarily the long bones. This can result in arrested growth and dwarfism. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chondroectodermal
Relating to ectodermally derived cartilage; e.g., branchial cartilages that may have developed from the neural crest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroectodermal dysplasia
Triad of chondrodysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, and polydactyly, with congenital heart defects in over half of patients; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrofibroma
Synonym for chondromyxoid fibroma ... <radiology> Benign metaphyseal lesion, young adults (60% less than 30 years of age), lytic lesion with well-defined margin, diaphysis of long bone, proximal TIBIA (especially tubercle) most common, NO calcification Differential diagnosis: bubbly bone lesions ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondrogenesis
Formation of cartilage. ... Synonym: chondrosis. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Genesis, origin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroglossus
See: chondroglossus muscle. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Glossa, tongue ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroglossus muscle
<anatomy> Muscular fibres from lesser horn of hyoid bone occasionally separated from the hyoglossus, but usually forming part of it. ... Synonym: musculus chondroglossus, ceratoglossus, keratoglossus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroid
1. Resembling cartilage. ... Synonym: cartilaginoid. ... 2. Uncharacteristically developed cartilage, primarily cellular with a basophilic matrix and thin or nonexistent capsules. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroid syringoma
<tumour> A benign tumour of sweat glands with a mucoid stroma showing cartilaginous metaplasia. ... Synonym: mixed tumour of skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroid tissue
In an adult, tissue resembling cartilage. ... In an embryo, an early stage in cartilage formation. ... Synonym: fibrohyaline tissue, pseudocartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroitin
<chemical> A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. ... Chemical name: Chondroitin ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase
<enzyme> Sulfation takes places at the 4-position of n-acetylgalactosamine residues of chondroitin; see also chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.17) ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.5 ... Synonym: glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferase, chondroitinsulfate-sulfotransferase, chondroitin sulphotransferase, chondroitin sulfotransferase ... (26 Jun 199 …

chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase
<enzyme> Transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate to position 6 of acetylgalactosamine residue of chondroitin; see also chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.5) ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.17 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chondroitin abc lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-d-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-d-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-l-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-d-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups. (enzyme nomenclature, 1992) ... Chemical name: chondroitin ABC lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.2.2. …

chondroitin lyases
<enzyme> Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of delta-4,5-d-glucuronate residues from polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-d-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-l-iduronosyl linkages thereby bringing about depolymerization. Acts on chondroitin sulfate a and c as well as on dermatan sulfate and slowly on hyaluronate. Acts on c …

chondroitin sulfate B
Synonym for dermatan sulfate ... <chemical> Dermatan, 4-(hydrogen sulfate). A glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin but also in blood vessels, tendons, heart valves, and pulmonary connective tissue. ... Chemical name: Dermatan, 4-(hydrogen sulfate) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondroitin sulfate C
Chondroitin with sulfuric residues esterifying the 6-hydroxyl groups of the galactosamine residues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroitin sulfates
<chemical> Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate a, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate c, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate b (beta heparin; dermatan sulfat …

chondroitin sulphate
<biochemistry> Major components of the extracellular matrix and connective tissue of animals, found on the outside of the cell membranes of some animal cells. ... They are repeating polymers of glucuronic acid and sulphated N acetyl glucosamine residues that are highly hydrophilic and anionic. Found in association with proteins. ... (15 Jan 199 …

chondroitinsulfatases
<enzyme> A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various sulfate bonds of chondroitin sulfate. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.6.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondrology
The study of cartilage. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Logos, treatise ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrolysis
Disappearance of articular cartilage as the result of disintegration or dissolution of the cartilage matrix and cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroma
<oncology, tumour> A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chondromalacia
The progressive erosion of cartilage, common in the knee joint where it is known as chondromalacia patella. ... Symptoms of chondromalacia in the knee joint include knee pain with hill climbing or stair climbing. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chondromalacia foetalis
An intrauterine form of chondromalacia in which the foetus is born dead with soft pliable limbs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondromalacia of larynx
The presence of soft laryngeal cartilage, most often seen in epiglottis of young children. ... Synonym: laryngomalacia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondromalacia patella
The progressive erosion of cartilage, common in the knee joint where it is known as chondromalacia patella. ... Symptoms of chondromalacia in the knee joint include knee pain with hill climbing or stair climbing. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chondromalacia patellae
A softening of the articular cartilage of the patella; may cause patellalgia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondromatosis
Multiple formation of chondromas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondromatosis, synovial
Rare, benign, chronic, progressive metaplasia in which cartilage is formed in the synovial membranes of joints, tendon sheaths, or bursae. Some of the metaplastic foci can become detached producing loose bodies. When the loose bodies undergo secondary calcification, the condition is called synovial osteochondromatosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondromatous
Pertaining to or manifesting the features of a chondroma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrome
The genetic information contained in all of the mitochondria of a cell. ... Origin: mitochondria + -ome ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondromere
A cartilage unit of the foetal axial skeleton developing within a single metamere of the body; a primordial cartilaginous vertebra together with its costal component. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondromucin
Synonym for chondromucoid ... An obsolete terms for a mucoprotein from cartilage; probably chondroitin sulfate, plus other materials. ... Synonym: chondromucin, chondroprotein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondromucoid
An obsolete terms for a mucoprotein from cartilage; probably chondroitin sulfate, plus other materials. ... Synonym: chondromucin, chondroprotein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondromyxoid fibroma
<radiology> Benign metaphyseal lesion, young adults (60% less than 30 years of age), lytic lesion with well-defined margin, diaphysis of long bone, proximal TIBIA (especially tubercle) most common, NO calcification Differential diagnosis: bubbly bone lesions ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondromyxoma
Synonym for chondromyxoid fibroma ... <radiology> Benign metaphyseal lesion, young adults (60% less than 30 years of age), lytic lesion with well-defined margin, diaphysis of long bone, proximal TIBIA (especially tubercle) most common, NO calcification Differential diagnosis: bubbly bone lesions ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondronectin
<cell biology> A 180 kD protein isolated from chick serum that specifically favours attachment of chondrocytes to type II collagen if present with the appropriate cartilage proteoglycan. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chondropathy
<pathology> A disease of cartilage. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chondropharyngeus
See: middle constrictor muscle of pharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrophyte
An abnormal cartilaginous mass that develops at the articular surface of a bone. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Phytos, a growth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroplasia
The formation of cartilage by specialised cells called chondrocytes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chondroplast
Synonym: chondroblast. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroplasty
Reparative or plastic surgery of cartilage. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroporosis
Condition of cartilage in which spaces appear, either normal (in the process of ossification) or pathologic. ... Origin: chondro-+ L. Porosus, porous ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroprotein
Synonym for chondromucoid ... An obsolete terms for a mucoprotein from cartilage; probably chondroitin sulfate, plus other materials. ... Synonym: chondromucin, chondroprotein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrosarcoma
<oncology, tumour> A malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage tissue (chondroblasts). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chondrosarcoma, mesenchymal
A rare aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma, characterised by a biphasic histologic pattern of small compact cells intermixed with islands of cartilaginous matrix. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas have a predilection for flat bones; long tubular bones are rarely affected. They tend to occur in the younger age group and are highly metastatic. (devita jr …

chondrosin
Chondrosine ... A disaccharide composed of one molecule of d-glucuronic acid and one of d-galactosamine (chondrosamine); a component of the chondroitins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrosis
Synonym: chondrogenesis. ... 2. Obsolete term for a cartilaginous tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroskeleton
A skeleton formed of hyaline cartilage; e.g., that of the human embryo or of certain adult fishes such as the shark or ray. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrosternal
1. Relating to a sternal cartilage. ... 2. Relating to the costal cartilages and the sternum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrosternoplasty
Surgical correction of malformations of the sternum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrotome
A very stiff scalpel-shaped knife used in cutting cartilage. ... Synonym: cartilage knife, ecchondrotome. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Tome, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrotomy
<procedure> Division of cartilage. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrotrophic
Influencing the nutrition and thereby the development and growth of cartilage. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroxiphoid
Relating to the xiphoid or ensiform cartilage. ... Origin: chondro-+ G. Xiphos, sword, + eidos, appearance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondroxiphoid ligament
Synonym for costoxiphoid ligament ... <anatomy> The ligament that connects the xiphoid process to the seventh, and often to the sixth, costal cartilages. ... Synonym: ligamentum costoxiphoideum, chondroxiphoid ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chondrus
Synonym: cartilage. ... 2. The plant Chondrus crispus, Fucus crispus, or Gigartina mamillosa (family Gigartinaceae); a demulcent in chronic and intestinal disorders. ... Synonym: carrageen, carragheen, Irish moss, pearl moss. ... Origin: G. Chondros, gristle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chonechondrosternon
Synonym: pectus excavatum. ... Origin: G.choane (chone), funnel, + chondros, cartilage, + sternon, sternum ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

CHOP
Acronym for cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, a chemotherapy regimen for treatment of lymphomas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chopart
Francois, French surgeon, 1743-1795. ... See: Chopart's amputation, Chopart's joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chopart fracture-dislocation
<radiology> A fracture-dislocation occuring through the hindfoot-midfoot joint (i.e., tarsonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chopart's amputation
Amputation through the midtarsal joint; i.e., between the tarsal navicular and the calcaneocuboid joints. ... Synonym: mediotarsal amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chopart's joint
Synonym for transverse tarsal joint ... The synovial joints between the talus and navicular bone medially and the calcaneus and navicular bones laterally which act as a unit in allowing the front of the foot to pivot relative to the back of the foot about the longitudinal axis of the foot, contributing to the total inversion and eversion movements.< …

chord-
Cord. ... See: cord-. ... Origin: G. Chorde ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chorda
A tendinous or a cord-like structure. ... See: cord. ... Origin: L., cord ... Chorda chirurgicalis, surgical catgut. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chorda dorsalis
Synonym for notochord ... <embryology> An axial mesodermal tissue found in embryonic stages of all chordates and protochordates, often regressing as maturity is approached. Typically a rod shaped mass of vacuolated cells. It lies immediately below the nerve cord and may provide mechanical strength to the embryo. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

chorda magna
Synonym for tendo calcaneus ... See: Tendon, Achilles ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chorda obliqua
Synonym for oblique ligament of elbow joint ... A slender band extending from the lateral part of the coronoid process of the ulna distad and laterad to the radius immediately distal to the bicipital tuberosity. ... Synonym: chorda obliqua, oblique cord, round ligament of elbow joint, Weitbrecht's cord, Weitbrecht's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chorda saliva
The secretion of the submaxillary gland obtained by stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chorda spermatica
Synonym for spermatic cord ... <anatomy> A group of structures which go through the inguinal canal to the testis. The structures include the vas deferens, arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chorda spinalis
Synonym for spinal cord ... <anatomy> Elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system of vertebrates that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chorda tympani nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A branch of the facial (7th cranial) nerve which passes through the middle ear and continues through the petrotympanic fissure. The chorda tympani nerve carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and conveys parasympathetic efferents to the salivary glands. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chorda umbilicalis
Synonym for umbilical cord ... The flexible structure, giving passage to the umbilical arteries and vein, which connects the embryo or foetus to the placenta. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chorda vertebralis
An obsolete term for notochord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chorda vocalis
Synonym for vocal fold ... One of Ferrein's cords; the sharp edge of a fold of mucous membrane overlying the vocal ligament and stretching along either wall of the larynx from the angle between the laminae of the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage; the vocal folds are the agents concerned in voice production. ... Synony …

chorda-mesoderm
That part of the protoderm of a young embryo which has the potentiality of forming notochord and mesoderm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chordae tendineae
Thread-like bands of fibrous tissue which attach on one end to the edges of the tricuspid and mitral valves and on the other to the papillary muscles. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chordae willisii
Synonym for Willis' cords ... Several fibrous cord's crossing the superior sagittal sinus. ... Synonym: chordae willisii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chordal
Relating to any chorda or cord, especially to the notochord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chordata
A phylum of the animal kingdom comprising all the animals that have a notochord (the primitive axis of the body) during some stage of their development. It includes the subphyla cephalochordata, urochordata, and vertebrata (vertebrates). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chordate
An animal of the phylum Chordata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chordee
1. Painful erection of the penis in gonorrhoea or Peyronie's disease, with curvature resulting from lack of distensibility of the corpus cavernosum urethrae. ... Synonym: gryposis penis, penis lunatus. ... 2. Ventral curvature of the penis, most apparent on erection, as seen in hypospadias due to congenital shortness of the ventral skin and, on rare …

chorditis
Inflammation of a cord; usually a vocal cord. ... Origin: G. Chorde, cord, + -itis, inflammation ... Chorditis vocalis inferior, an inflammation limited mainly to the undersurface of the vocal cords and adjacent parts. ... Synonym: chronic subglottic laryngitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chordoma
<radiology> Tumour of notochord remnants, site: sacrum (45%), clivus (39%), spine, destruction, no sclerosis, with or without calcification (30-80%) see also: para-sellar mass ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chordopoxvirinae
A subfamily of the family poxviridae, containing eight genera comprising all the vertebrate poxviruses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chordoskeleton
The part of the embryonic skeleton that develops in conjunction with the notochord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chordotomy
Synonym for cordotomy ... <procedure> Any operation on the spinal cord. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chorea
Mature onset disease characterised by progressive loss of neuronal functioning. Caused by unstable amphlification of a trinucleotide (CAG)n repeat with the coding region of a gene encoding a 348 kD, widely exposed product. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...