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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

chloroethane
Synonym for ethyl chloride ... <chemical> A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine. ... Pharmacological a …

chloroethylene
Synonym for vinyl chloride ... <chemical> A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms. ... Pharmacological action: carcinogens. ... Chemical name: Ethene, chloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorofluorocarbon
A family of chemicals composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Used principally as refrigerants and industrial cleansers. Chlorofluorocarbons have the tendency to destroy the Earth's protective ozone layer. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

chlorofluorocarbons
A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chloroform
A heavy, clear colourless liquid with a strong ether-like odour, once used for anaesthesia, but now obsolete. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chloroformism
Habitual chloroform inhalation, or the symptoms caused thereby. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorofucin
Synonym: chlorophyll c. ... Origin: chloro-+ L. Fucus, G. Phykos, red lichen, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorogenic acid
<chemical> A naturally occuring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. ... Chemical name: Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3-((3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-1,4,5-trihydroxy-, (1S-(1alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha))- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chloroguanide
<chemical> A biguanide compound which has little antimalarial activity until metabolised in the body to the active antimalarial agent cycloguanil. The usefulness of proguanil is limited by the rapid development of drug resistance by the malarial parasite. The hydrochloride is used for the casual prophylaxis of falciparum malaria, to suppress …

chloroguanide hydrochloride
1-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-isopropylbiguanide monohydrochloride;an antimalarial drug. ... Synonym: chlorguanide hydrochloride, proguanil hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorohemin
Synonym for hemin ... <physiology> A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; called also Teichmann's crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of haematin. ... The obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or suspected …

chlorohemin crystals
Synonym for Teichmann's crystals ... Rhombic crystals of hemin; used in microscopic detection of blood. ... See: hemin. ... Synonym: chlorohemin crystals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorohydrins
Any of the compounds derived from a group of glycols or polyhydroxy alcohols by chlorine substitution for part of the hydroxyl groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chloroleukaemia
Synonym: chloroma. ... Origin: chloro-+ G. Leukos, white, + haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloroma
<tumour> A condition characterised by the development of multiple localised green masses of abnormal cells (in most instances, myeloblasts), especially in relation to the periosteum of the skull, spine, and ribs; the clinical course is similar to that of acute myeloid leukaemia, although the tumours may precede the findings in blood and bone …

chloromercuribenzoates
<chemical> Chloride and mercury containing derivatives of benzoic acid. Some of these are commonly used as sulfhydryl reagents in biochemical studies. ... Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors, sulfhydryl reagents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chloromercurinitrophenols
<chemical> Mercuriphenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms and one or more nitro groups. Some of these are sulfhydryl reagents which act as chromophoric probes in enzymes and other proteins. ... Pharmacological action: sulfhydryl reagents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chloromethane
A refrigerant with anaesthetic properties when inhaled; it hydrolyzes to methanol. ... Synonym: methyl chloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorometry
The measurement of chlorine content, or the use of analytical techniques involving the release or titration of chlorine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloromuconate cycloisomerase
<enzyme> Converts 2-chloro-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-acetate to 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate, which spontaneously eliminates hcl to produce cis-4-carboxymethylbut-2-en-4-olide ... Registry number: EC 5.5.1.7 ... Synonym: muconate cycloisomerase II ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chloromyeloma
Synonym: chloroma. ... Origin: chloro-+ G. Myelos, marrow, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloropenia
A deficiency in chloride. ... Origin: chloro-+ G. Penia, poverty ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloropercha
A solution of gutta-percha in chloroform, used in dentistry as an agent to lute gutta-percha filling material to the wall of a prepared root canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloropercha method
A method of filling the root canals of teeth by dissolving gutta-percha cones in a chloroform-rosin medium within the root canal. ... Synonym: Callahan's method, Johnson's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophenol
One of several substitution products obtained by the action of chlorine on phenol; used as antiseptics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase
<enzyme> Enzyme responsible for converting 2,4,5-trichlorophenol to 2,5-dichloro-p-hydroquinone and then to 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (5-chlorohydroxyquinol); from burkholderia cepacia ac1100 ... Registry number: EC 1.14.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chlorophenols
Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorophenothane
Synonym for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ... 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane;an insecticide that came into prominence during and after World War II. For a time it proved very effective, but insect populations rapidly developed tolerance for it, hence much of its original effectiveness has been lost; general usage is now widely disco …

chlorophyll
The photosynthetic pigments of higher plants, but closely related to bacteriochlorophylls. Magnesium complexes of tetrapyrolles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chlorophyll a
Magnesium(II) pheophytinate a [(pheophytina to a)magnesium(II)];the major pigment found in all oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms (higher plants, and red and green algae). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophyll b
(CH3 at 7 replaced by CHO in the chlorophyll structure), magnesium(II) pheophytinate b [(pheophytinato b) magnesium(II)]; the chlorophyll generally characteristic of higher plants (including the Chlorophyta, Euglenaphyta, and green algae). Absent in other types of algae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophyll b reductase
<enzyme> Reduces the 7-formyl group of chlorophyll b to the 7'-hydroxy compound; requires NADPH or NADH; NADPH is more effective ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: chlorophyllide b reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chlorophyll c
The chlorophyll present in brown algae, diatoms, and flagellates. Two variants are known: c 1, in which two hydrogens are lost from C-17 and C-18, thus resembling phytoporphyrin, and the side chain at C-17 becomes an acrylic residue, -CH==CH2COOH; c2, in which the same changes are noted, but two more hydrogens are lost from the ethyl group at C-8, …

chlorophyll d
-CH==CH2 replaced by -CO-CH3 in the chlorophyll structure;the chlorophyll found in red algae (Rhodophyceae), together with chlorophyll a. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophyll esterase
Synonym for chlorophyllase ... A reversible hydrolyzing enzyme catalyzing the removal of the phytyl group from a chlorophyll, leaving a chlorophyllide. ... Synonym: chlorophyll esterase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophyll synthetase
<enzyme> Incorporates geranylgeraniol into chlorophyll; requires ATP; as of 11/80 not clear whether this is a synthetase or a combination of a kinase and a transferase ... Registry number: EC 6.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chlorophyll unit
The number of chlorophyll molecules required to reduce one molecule of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophyllase
A reversible hydrolyzing enzyme catalyzing the removal of the phytyl group from a chlorophyll, leaving a chlorophyllide. ... Synonym: chlorophyll esterase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophyllide
That which remains of a chlorophyll molecule when the phytyl group is removed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorophyllides
Products of the hydrolysis of chlorophylls in which the phytic acid side chain has been removed and the carboxylic acids saponified. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chlorophyta
<botany> Division of algae containing photosynthetic pigments similar to those in higher plants and having a green colour. Includes unicellular forms, filaments and leaf like thalluses (e.g. Ulva). Some members form coenobia and the Characean algae have branched filaments. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chloropicrin
CCl3NO2; trichloronitromethane;a toxic lung irritant and lacrimatory gas; it also causes vomiting, colic, and diarrhoea, and therefore is called vomiting gas. ... Synonym: nitrochloroform. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloroplast
Photosynthetic organelle of higher plants. Lens shaped and rather variable in size but approximately 5m long. Surrounded by a double membrane and contains circular DNA though not enough to code for all proteins in the chloroplast). Like the mitochondrion, it is semi autonomous. It resembles a cyanobacterium from which, on the endosymbiont hypothesi …

chloroplast DNA
<molecular biology> A circular molecule of DNA found in all photosynthetic plants which codes for the function of photosynthesis. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chloroplasts
Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain chlorophyll. They occur in cells of leaves and young stems. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chloroprednisone
6a-Chloro-17,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-tr ione;a topical anti-inflammatory agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloroprene
<chemical> 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene. Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and foetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene. ... Chemical name: 1,3-Butadiene, 2-chloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chloroprocaine hydrochloride
Beta-Diethylaminoethyl-2-chloro-4-aminobenzoate hydrochloride;a local anaesthetic similar in action and use to procaine hydrochloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloroprocaine penicillin O
A crystalline salt of 2-chloroprocaine and penicillin O, insoluble in water; the level of the antibiotic in the blood persists for 24 hours; its antibacterial activity is similar to that of penicillin O and G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloropropamide
<drug> An oral hypoglycemic agent (a prescription drug that people take to lower the level of glucose in the blood). The pills work for some people whose pancreas still makes some insulin. They can help the body in several ways, such as by causing the cells in the pancreas to release more insulin. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chloropsia
A condition in which objects appear to be coloured green, as may occur in digitalis intoxication. ... Synonym: green vision. ... Origin: chloro-+ G. Opsis, eyesight ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloropyramine
2-[p-Chlorobenzyl-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino]p yridine;an antihistaminic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloroquine
<drug> Antimalarial drug that has the interesting property of increasing the intralysosomal pH when added to intact cells in culture. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chloroquinolinols
<chemical> 8-hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antidiarrhoeal, especially in amebiasis, and have also been used as antiseborrheics. The compounds are mostly used topically, but have been used also as animal feed additives. They may cause optic and other neuropath …

chlorosis
Yellowing or bleaching of plant tissues due to the loss of chlorophyll or failure of chlorophyll synthesis. Symptomatic of many plant diseases, also of deficiencies of light or certain nutrients. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chlorosome
<cell biology> Elongated membranous vesicles attached to the plasma membrane of green photosynthetic bacteria, contain the light harvesting antenna complexes of bacteria in the sub Order Chlorobiineae. Pigments include bacteriochlorophylls and carotenoids. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chlorothen citrate
Chloromethapyrilene citrate; N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2-pyridyl)-N'-(5-chloro-2-thenyl)ethylenediamine citrate;an antihistaminic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorothiazide
<chemical> A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, diuretics, thiazide. ... Chemical name: 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-, 1,1-dioxide ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorothymol
C10H13OC1; Monochlorothymol;an antibacterial for topical use. ... Synonym: chlorthymol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorotic
Pertaining to or having the characteristic features of chlorosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorotic anaemia
Synonym for chlorosis ... Yellowing or bleaching of plant tissues due to the loss of chlorophyll or failure of chlorophyll synthesis. Symptomatic of many plant diseases, also of deficiencies of light or certain nutrients. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chlorotrianisene
<chemical> A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal oestrogen. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, hormonal, oestrogens, non-steroidal. ... Chemical name: Benzene, 1,1',1''-(1-chloro-1-ethenyl-2-ylidene)tris(4-methoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorotriazine dyes
Dyes containing one or more chlorotriazine moieties that react with polysaccharides. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorous
1. Relating to chlorine. ... 2. Denoting compounds of chlorine in which its valence is +3; e.g., chlorous acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorous acid
HClO2;an acid forming chlorites with bases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorozotocin
A nitrogen mustard compound which is a chloroethylnitrosourea compound used in cancer chemotherapy; an antineoplastic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorphenamidine
<chemical> An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, uncoupling agents. ... Chemical name: Methanimidamide, N'-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorphenesin
<chemical> A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. ... Pharmacological action: muscle relaxants, central. ... Chemical name: 1,2-Propanediol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorphenindione
An anticoagulant related chemically to phenindione. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorpheniramine
<chemical> A histamine h1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, antipr …

chlorpheniramine maleate
(&plusmn;)-2-[p-Chloro-alpha-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]benzyl]pyridine maleate;an antihistamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorphenol red
An acid-base indicator (MW 423, pK 6.0): yellow at pH values below 5.1, red above 6.7. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorphenoxamine
2-(p-Chloro-alpha-methyl-alpha-phenylbenzyloxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride;used in the management of idiopathic, arteriosclerotic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism, usually with concomitant administration of other anti-parkinsonian agents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorphentermine
<chemical> A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of dextroamphetamine. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. ... Pharmacological action: sympathomimetic. ... Chemical name: Benzeneethanamine, 4-chloro-alpha,alpha-dimethyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorphentermine hydrochloride
4-Chloro-a,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic amine used as an anorexiant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorproethazine hydrochloride
2-Chloro-10-(3-diethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine;a skeletal muscle relaxant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorproguanil hydrochloride
The 3,4-dichloro homologue of chloroguanide; used for causal prophylaxis and suppression of falciparum malaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorpromazine
<drug> Neuroleptic aliphatic phenothiazine, thought to act primarily as dopamine antagonist, but also antagonist at _ adrenergic, H1 histamine, muscarinic and serotonin receptors. Used clinically as an antiemetic. Has been shown to alter fibroblast behaviour. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chlorpropamide
<chemical> A sulfonylurea hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. ... Pharmacological action: hypoglycaemic agents. ... Chemical name: Benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-((propylamino)carbonyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorpropham
<chemical> A carbamate that is used as an herbide and as a plant growth regulator. ... Pharmacological action: herbicides, carbamate, plant growth regulators. ... Chemical name: Carbamic acid, (3-chlorophenyl)-, 1-methylethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorprothixene
<chemical> A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. ... Pharmacological action: antipsychotic agents, dopamine antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1-Propanamine, 3-(2-chloro-9H-thioxanthen-9-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl-, (Z)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorpyrifos
<chemical> An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor, insecticide, organothiophosphate. ... Chemical name: Phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorpyrifos-oxonase
<enzyme> Has activity similar to aryldialkylphosphatase (EC 3.1.8.1); emzyme from rat plasma and liver hydrolyzes chlorpyrifos oxon ... Registry number: EC 3.1.8.- ... Synonym: cpfoase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chlorquinaldol
<chemical> Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant. ... Pharmacological action: antifungal agents, anti-infective …

chlorsulfuron-5-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Hydroxylates the herbicide chlorsulfuron; 5-hydroxychlorsulfuron is not observed intact in plants but is transformed immediately to a glucose conjugate ... Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chlortetracycline
<chemical> An antibiotic substance isolated from the substrate of streptomyces aureofaciens and used as an antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, tetracycline, antiprotozoal agents. ... Chemical name: 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide, 7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentah …

chlorthalidone
<chemical> A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of the thiazide diuretics even though it does not contain a thiazide ring system. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, diuretics, sulfamyl. ... Chemical name: Benzenesulfonamide, 2-chloro-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-1H-isoindol-1-yl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlorthenoxazin
2-(2-Chloroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one;an antipyretic and analgesic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorthymol
Synonym for chlorothymol ... C10H13OC1; Monochlorothymol;an antibacterial for topical use. ... Synonym: chlorthymol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloruresis
The excretion of chloride in the urine. ... Synonym: chloriduria, chloruria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloruretic
Relating to an agent that increases the excretion of chloride in the urine, or to such an effect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chloruria
Synonym for chloruresis ... The excretion of chloride in the urine. ... Synonym: chloriduria, chloruria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlorzoxazone
<chemical> A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. ... Pharmacological action: muscle relaxants, central. ... Chemical name: 2(3H)-Benzoxazolone, 5-chloro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

CHO aldo-keto reductase
<enzyme> From chinese hamster ovary cell line; reduces ketones and aromatic aldehydes ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: cho cell reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

CHO cell
Established line of fibroblasts from Chinese Hamster Ovary. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

cho cells
Cell line derived from the ovary of the chinese hamster, cricetulus griseus. The species is a favourite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

choana
The opening into the nasopharynx of the nasal cavity on either side. ... Synonym: isthmus pharyngonasalis, posterior naris, postnaris. ... Origin: Mod. L. Fr. G. Choane, a funnel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choanal
Pertaining to a choana. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

choanal atresia
Congenital bony or membranous occlusion of one or both choanae, due to failure of the embryonic bucconasal membrane to rupture. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

choanal polyp
An antral-choanal polyp that extends into the nasopharynx; generally originates in the antrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...