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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

chilorrhaphy
Synonym for cheilorrhaphy ... Suturing of the lip. ... Synonym: chilorrhaphy. ... Origin: cheilo-+ G. Raphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilostomatoplasty
Variant of cheilostomatoplasty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chilotomy
Synonym for cheilotomy ... <procedure> Incision into the lip. ... Synonym: chilotomy. ... Origin: cheilo-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chimera
<cell biology> Organism composed of two genetically distinct types of cells. Can be formed by the fusion of two early blastula stage embryos or by the reconstitution of the bone marrow in an irradiated recipient or by somatic segregation. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chimeraplast
<molecular biology> A synthetic molecule made up of both RNA and DNA which is used in gene repair. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chimeric
1. Relating to a chimera. ... Compare: chimera, chimeric molecule. ... 2. Composed of parts that are of different origin and are seemingly incompatible. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chimeric antibodies
Antibodies that may have the FAB fragment from one species fused with FC fragment from another. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chimeric antibody
<immunology> An antibody that contains polypeptides from different species. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chimeric DNA
<molecular biology> A molecule of DNA that has resulted from recombination, or has resulted from DNA from two sources being spliced together. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chimeric molecule
A molecule (usually a biopolymer) containing sequences derived from two different genes; specifically, from two different species. ... Compare: chimera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chimeric proteins
Proteins in individuals that are derived from genetically different zygotes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chimeric-humanised antibody
<immunology> Genetically engineered combination of a human and mouse antibody. Because a monoclonal antibody is always made with mice cells, it causes an immune response when injected into humans. ... By replacing the constant regions of a mouse antibody with those of a human antibody, an antibody that binds to an antigen like the original mon …

chimerism
The state of being a chimera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chimney sweep's cancer
A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the scrotum, occurring as an occupational disease in chimney sweeps. The first reported form of occupational cancer (by Sir Percival Pott). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chimpanzee
Generic name for Pan panisus and P. Troglodytes. ... Origin: African dial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chimpanzee coryza agent
Synonym for respiratory syncytial virus ... <virology> This RNA virus is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and is a major pathogen in the upper and lower respiratory tract in both infants and younger children. ... Respiratory syncytial virus manifestations include bronchiolitis, pneumonia and croup. ... Acronym: RSV ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chin
The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for th …

chin cap
An extraoral appliance designed to exert an upward and backward force on the mandible by applying pressure to the chin, thereby preventing forward growth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chin jerk
Synonym for jaw reflex ... A spasmodic contraction of the temporal muscles following a downward tap on the loosely hanging mandible. ... Synonym: chin jerk, chin reflex, jaw jerk, mandibular reflex, masseter reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chin muscle
Synonym for mentalis ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, incisor fossa of mandible; insertion, skin of chin; action, raises and wrinkles skin of chin, thus elevating the lower lip; nerve supply, facial. ... Synonym: musculus mentalis, chin muscle, musculus levator labii inferioris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chin reflex
Synonym for jaw reflex ... A spasmodic contraction of the temporal muscles following a downward tap on the loosely hanging mandible. ... Synonym: chin jerk, chin reflex, jaw jerk, mandibular reflex, masseter reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

china
A republic in east and central asia, known also as the people's republic of china. It is an ancient country, with a civilization existing as early as 3000 b.c. Until 1912 it was known as the chinese empire. It was one of the four great powers in world war II. By 1950 the communist regime had gained control. China became a member of the united natio …

China syndrome
<radiobiology> American jargon/slang for a nuclear fission meltdown accident (see meltdown) in which the molten nuclear core heats and melts the ground beneath it, thus sinking into the earth, and heading towards China (which is roughly on the opposite side of the globe). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chinchilla
A genus of the family chinchillidae which consists of three genera: lagidium, lagostomus, and chinchilla. They are used extensively in biomedical research. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chinese cinnamon
Synonym for cassia cinnamon ... Cinnamomum cassia Nees (family Lauraceae); the unofficial source of most of the cinnamon in the shops; the source of cinnamon oil. ... Synonym: Chinese cinnamon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chinese hamster ovary cell
<cell culture> Cells from the ovaries of Chinese hamsters that are used to grow viruses, including the ones from the family Herpesviridae. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chinese restaurant syndrome
<syndrome> An acute hypersensitivity reaction to monosodium glutamate, a preservative common in Chinese food. ... This is characterised by a sudden onset of headache, heartburn, palpitations, sweating, swelling and flushing of the face. Some report a sense of increased facial pressure or tingling in the face. ... Symptoms generally start within …

Chinese wax
A vegetable wax, a wax secreted by a scale insect, Coccus ceriferus or C. Pela, and deposited in the twigs of a species of ash tree; used in China to make candles and also medicinally. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chinic acid
Synonym for quinic acid ... <chemical> An acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. ... Chemical name: Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-, (1R-(1alpha,3alpha,4alpha,5beta))- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chiniofon
A mixture of 7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid and sodium bicarbonate, used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chinoleine
Synonym for quinoline ... <chemistry> A nitrogenous base, C9H7N obtained as a pungent colourless liquid by the distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the nucleus of many organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and related substances; hence, by extension, any one of the series of alkaloidal bases of which quinoline proper i …

chip
A small fragment resulting from breakage, cutting, or avulsion. ... Bone chips, small pieces of cancellous bone generally used to fill in bony defects and to promote reossification. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chip graft
A graft utilizing small pieces of cartilage or bone which is packed into a bone defect. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chip syringe
A tapered metal tube through which air is forced from a rubber bulb or pressure tank to blow debris from, or to dry, a cavity in preparing teeth for restoration. ... Synonym: air syringe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chip-blower
An instrument for blowing the debris out of, or drying, a tooth cavity that is being excavated for a filling; it consists of a rubber bulb with a metal nozzle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chipper
A machine that produces wood chips by knife action. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

chips
Woody material cut into short, thin wafers. Chips are used as a raw material for pulping and fibreboard or as biomass fuel. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

chiral
<chemistry> A term used to describe a molecule which, in a given configuration, cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. ... This is in contrast to achiral molecules which can be superimposed on their mirror images. The two mirror image versions of the molecule are known as levo (left-handed), abbreviated L, or dextro (right handed), abbrev …

chiral centre
<chemistry> A tetrahedral carbon atom that bears four different substituents. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

chiral compound
<chemistry> A molecule that has an asymmetric centre and can be found in twonon-superimposable mirror-image forms (enantiomers). ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chiral crystal
An enantiomorphic, dyssymmetric, optically active crystal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiral synthesis
<chemistry> The production of chiral compounds in only one enantiomer, or handedness. (See chirality) ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chirality
<chemistry> The chemical version of left-handed and right-handed. While some molecules have the same atoms tied up in the same way, they are not physically the same because of their orientation. ... Such a chemical is called a chiral compound, and the two (or more) forms are called enantiomers (or optical isomers) of each other. Nearly all of …

chirarthritis
Synonym for cheirarthritis ... An obsolete term for inflammation of the joints of the hand. ... Synonym: chirarthritis. ... Origin: cheir-+ arthritis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiro-
Chir- ... The hand. ... See: cheiro-. ... Origin: G. Cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirobrachialgia
Synonym for cheirobrachialgia ... An obsolete term for pain and paresthesia in the hand and arm. ... Synonym: chirobrachialgia. ... Origin: cheiro-+ G. Brachion, arm, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirognostic
Synonym for cheirognostic ... Able to distinguish between right and left, as of the hands or of which side of the body is touched. ... Synonym: chirognostic. ... Origin: cheiro-+ G. Gnostikos, perceptive ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirokinesthesia
Synonym for cheirokinesthesia ... The subjective sensation of movement of the hands. ... Synonym: chirokinesthesia. ... Origin: cheiro-+ G. Kinesis, movement, + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirology
Synonym for dactylology ... The use of the finger alphabet in talking. ... Synonym: cheirology, chirology, chirology. ... Origin: dactylo-+ G. Logos, word ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chironomidae
A family of the order diptera. Salivary glands of the genus chironomus are used in studies of cellular genetics and biochemistry. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chiroplasty
Synonym for cheiroplasty ... Rarely used term for plastic surgery of the hand. ... Synonym: chiroplasty. ... Origin: cheiro-+ G. Plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiropodalgia
Synonym for cheiropodalgia ... Pain in the hands and in the feet. ... Synonym: chiropodalgia. ... Origin: cheiro-+ G. Pous, foot, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiropodist
Synonym: podiatrist. ... Origin: chiro-+ G. Pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chiropody
Synonym for podiatry ... <study> The medical study of the diagnosis and treatment ofdisorders of the foot. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chiropompholyx
Synonym for dyshidrosis ... A vesicular or vesicopustular eruption of multiple causes that occurs primarily on the volar surfaces of the hands and feet; the lesions spread peripherally but have a tendency to central clearing. ... Synonym: cheiropompholyx, chiropompholyx, chiropompholyx, dyshidria, dysidria, dysidrosis, pompholyx. ... Origin: dys-+ G. …

chiropractic
A system of diagnosis and healing based on the concept that health and disease are related to nervous system function, disease is due to malfunction of the nervous system due to noxious irritants, and health can be restored by their removal. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chiropractic manual manipulation
<orthopaedics> A method used to successfully relocate a subluxated vertebrae or extremity joint. ... This consists of an assisted motion applied to the vertebra beyond the active and passive range of motion. This technique requires much skill and competence and should only be performed by the qualified physician. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chiropractic physician
<specialist> An expert in the science and art of the interrelationship between the musculoskeletal structure and function of the body, particularly of the spinal column and nervous system. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chiropractics
<study> The medical study of diagnosing and treating backdisorders through manual manipulation of the spine. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chiropractor
Someone who practices chiropractic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chiroptera
The bats, an order of placental mammals of worldwide distribution, characterised by a modification of the forelimbs that enables them to fly. They are capable of emitting ultrasonic sounds that enable them to echolocate, find flying insect prey, and avoid objects in the dark. Though mostly insectivorous, some species feed on nectar, fruit, fish, an …

chiroscope
<instrument> A haploscopic instrument used for coordinating hand and eye as the patient draws while looking through it. ... Origin: chiro-+ G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirospasm
Synonym for cheirospasm ... Spasm of the muscles of the hand, as in writers' cramp. ... Synonym: chirospasm. ... Origin: cheiro-+ G. Spasmos, spasm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirurgeon
An obsolete term for surgeon. ... Origin: G. Cheirourgos, fr. Cheir, hand, + ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirurgery
An obsolete term for surgery. ... Origin: G. Cheirourgia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chirurgical
An obsolete term for surgical. ... Origin: L. Surgical, fr. Chirurgia, surgery, fr. G. Cheirourgia, handicraft, fr. Cheir, hand + ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chisel
A single beveled end-cutting blade with a straight or angled shank used with a thrust along the axis of the handle for cutting or splitting dentin and enamel. ... Binangle chisel, a chisel with an angled shank to which a second angle is added in order to bring the cutting edge nearly in line with the axis of the handle so as to restore balance and t …

chisel fracture
<radiology> Incomplete fracture of radial head (intra-articular) due to fall on outstretched hand ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chitin
<cell biology> A cross linked polymer of N acetyl D glucosamine that is the major structural component of arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. Widely distributed in plants and fungi. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chitin synthase
<enzyme> An enzyme that converts udp glucosamine into chitin and udp. ... Chemical name: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.16 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chitinase
<enzyme> An enzyme which breaks down chitin, which is a polysaccharide that forms the hard outer shell of arthropods (insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.), and the cell walls of fungi, and some algae. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chitinolytic
<biochemistry> Having to do with an enzyme which converts chitin, a polysaccharide that forms the hard, outer shell of arthropods (insects, spiders, crustaceas, etc.) and the cell walls of fungi and some algae, into chitobiose, which is a disaccharide secreted by such things as spiders and some plants. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (0 …

chitinous
Of or relating to chitin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chitobiose
<chemical> A disaccharide of two molecules of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The substance is secreted by organisms such as spiders and some plants. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chitodextrinase
Synonym for chitinase ... <enzyme> An enzyme which breaks down chitin, which is a polysaccharide that forms the hard outer shell of arthropods (insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.), and the cell walls of fungi, and some algae. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chitosamine
D-Glucosamine. ... See: glucosamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chitosan
<chemical> A polymer of 1-4 alpha D glucosamine found in the cell wall of some fungi. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chitosome
<cell biology> Membrane bound vesicular organelle (40-70 nm diameter) found in many fungi. Contains chitin sythetase that produces chitin microfibrils that are released and incorporated into the cell wall. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chitotriosidase
<enzyme> Exhibits increased activity in plasma of patients with type 1 gaucher disease ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

chiufa
An acute gangrenous proctitis and colitis with high fever, seen in southern Africa and South America at high altitudes; in women, the vulva and vagina may be affected. ... Synonym: kanyemba. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chk1 protein kinase
<enzyme> A yeast protein kinase homolog, involved in cell-cycle arrest when DNA damage has occurred or when unligated DNA is present; named chk1 for checkpoint kinase; genbank af016582 (human), af016583 (murine) ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: chk1 kinase, chk1 gene product, rad27 protein, rad27 gene product, hchk1 (human), mchk1 ( …

CHL
<abbreviation> Crown-heel length. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chlamydia
<protozoa> Genus of minute prokaryotes that replicate in cytoplasmic vacuoles within susceptible eukaryotic cells. Genome about one third that of E. Coli, Chlamydia trachomatis causes trachoma in man, Chlamydia psittaci causes economically important diseases of poultry. ... Infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common bacteria …

chlamydia infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus chlamydia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlamydia pneumonia
<radiology> Chlamydia trachomatis, obligate intracellular parasite, features of both bacteria and viruses, infection during delivery (previous conjunctivitis or rhinitis), onset of symptoms at 6 weeks (range = 4 to 12 weeks) findings: hyperaeration, linear and reticulonodular densities, scattered symmetrically throughout both lungs, peribronc …

chlamydia pneumoniae
A species of gram-negative bacteria that causes acute respiratory infection, especially atypical pneumonia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlamydia psittaci
Parasitic organisms of vertebrate cells. They have been detected in over 100 species of birds and in most domesticated and many wild mammals. They generally produce systemic infections in a broad range of hosts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlamydia trachomatis
The aetiological agent of a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlamydiaceae
A family of gram-negative, coccoid microorganisms containing the genus chlamydia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlamydiaceae infections
Infections with bacteria of the family chlamydiaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlamydial
Relating to or caused by any bacterium of the genus Chlamydia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlamydial arthritis
Serous polyarthritis of cattle and sheep from chlamydial infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlamydiales
Gram-negative parasites of vertebrates in which they may cause various diseases; occasionally found in arthropods. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chlamydiosis
General term for diseases caused by Chlamydia species. ... See: ornithosis, psittacosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chlamydoconidium
A thallic conidium that is thick-walled and may be terminal or intercalary. Seen in a form of asexual reproduction. ... Origin: G. Chlamys, cloak, + conidium ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chlamydomonas
<botany> A genus of unicellular green algae, usually flagellated. Easily grown in the laboratory and have often been used in studies on flagellar function a range of paralysed flagellar (pf) mutants have been isolated and studied extensively. ... (05 Jan 1998) ...

chlamydomonas reinhardtii
An organism considered both a protozoon and an alga (bold & wynne, introduction to the algae, 2d ed, p84). Delicate, hairlike appendages arise from the flagellar surface in these organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Chlamydophrys
A genus of shelled amoebas, commonly found as faecal protozoans. ... Origin: G. Chlamys, cloak, + ophrys, brow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chlamydozoon
Synonym for Chlamydia ... <protozoa> Genus of minute prokaryotes that replicate in cytoplasmic vacuoles within susceptible eukaryotic cells. Genome about one third that of E. Coli, Chlamydia trachomatis causes trachoma in man, Chlamydia psittaci causes economically important diseases of poultry. ... Infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are …

chloasma
<dermatology> Melasma cholasma hepaticum a term formerly used to refer to circumscribed facial hyperpigmentation resembling melasma that may occur as a cutaneous manifestation of chronic liver disease. ... Origin: Gr. Chloazein = to be green ... (18 Nov 1997) ...