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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Champy
Christian, French physician, *1885. ... See: Champy's fixative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Champy's fixative
A mixture of potassium bichromate, chromic acid, and osmic acid, considered an excellent cytologic fixative with advantages and disadvantages similar to those of Flemming's fixative; it differs from Flemming's fixative in substituting bichromate for acetic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chanarin
I., 20th century British haematologist. ... See: Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chance
G.Q., 20th century British radiologist. ... See: Chance fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chance fracture
<radiology> Horizontal fracture through vertebra (body, pedicles, laminae), sudden deceleration with lap-only seatbelt, usually L1 or L2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chancre
The primary skin lesion of syphilis which begins at the site of infection after an interval of 10-30 days as a papule or red ulcerated skin lesion. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chancre redux
A second chancre occurring in a syphilitic subject, possibly an allergic reaction without the presence of the specific spirochete. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chancriform
Resembling chancre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chancriform pyoderma
A persistent, necrotizing, ulcerated, single pyogenic lesion, usually on the face or genitalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chancriform syndrome
<syndrome> An ulcerative lesion at the site of primary infection by microorganisms, with regional lymph node enlargement; it occurs not only in chancroid infections but also in various bacterial and fungal infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chancroid
A sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria haemophilus ducreyi. Causes multiple painful ulcers on the penis and the vulva often associated with tender and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

chancroidal
Relating to or of the nature of chancroid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chancrous
Characterised by having a chancre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chandelier sign
<clinical sign> Colloquial term referring to severe pain elicited during pelvic examination of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease in which the patient responds by reaching upwards towards the ceiling for relief. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chandler
Paul A., U.S. Ophthalmologist, *1896. ... See: Chandler syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chandler syndrome
<syndrome> Iris atrophy with corneal oedema. ... Synonym: iridocorneal syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

change
An alteration; in pathology, structural alteration of which the cause and significance is uncertain. ... Synonym: shift. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

change of life
Colloquialism for menopause, climacteric. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Changeux, Jean-Pierre
<person> French 20th-century biochemist. ... See: Monod-Wyman-Changeux model. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

channel
A furrow, gutter, or groovelike passageway. ... See: canal. ... Origin: L. Canalis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

channel forming ionophore
<chemistry> An ionophore that makes an amphipathic pore with hydrophobic exterior and hydrophilic interior. most known types are cation selective. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

channel gating
Synonym for gating current ... <physiology> Small currents in the membrane just prior to the increase in ionic permeability, due to the movement of charged particles within the membrane. ... So called because they open the gates for current flow through ion channels. ... (20 Mar 1998) ...

channel islands
A group of four british islands and several islets in the english channel off the coast of france. They are known to have been occupied prehistorically. They were a part of normandy in 933 but were united to the british crown at the time of the norman conquest in 1066. Guernsey and jersey originated noted breeds of cattle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

channel protein
<chemistry, physiology> A protein that facilitates the diffusion of molecules/ions across lipid membranes by forming a hydrophilic pore. most frequently multimeric with the pore formed by subunit interactions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

channel transport
<radiobiology> In inertial fusion research using light ion drivers, describes the use of current-carrying plasma channels (which are magnetically confined to the channel) to transport electron or ion beams between the ion diode and the fusion target. This allows the ion source to stand back from the target. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

channeled
Having a deep longitudinal groove. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

channeling
The direct transfer of a reaction product from one enzyme's active site to that of another, thus catalysing the next step in a sequential pathway. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chanoclavin-I-cyclase
<enzyme> Converts chanoclavin I to agraclavin ... Registry number: EC 3.5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Chantemesse reaction
A conjunctival reaction, especially as applied to typhoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chantemesse, Andre
<person> French bacteriologist, 1851-1919. ... See: Chantemesse reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chaos
1. State of such total disorganization that it has no constructive predicates. ... 2. A state in which no causal relationships are operating. ... Origin: G., primeval formless void ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chaos theory
A branch of mathematics dealing with events and processes that cannot be predicted precisely on the basis of conventional mathematical theories or laws; some biological processes, e.g., spread of malignant disease, appear to conform to chaos theory, at least sometimes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chaotic heart
Apparently totally uncoordinated cardiac action or rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chaotropic
Pertaining to chaotropism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chaotropism
The property of certain substances, usually ions (e.g., SCN-, ClO4-, guanidinium), to disrupt the structure of water and thereby promote the solubility of nonpolar substances in polar solvents (e.g., water), the unfolding of proteins, the elution from or movement through a chromatographic medium of an otherwise tightly bound substance, etc. ... Orig …

CHAP
Acronym for cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cisplatin, a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of ovarian cancer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chaparral
A plant community of drought-adapted shrubs, usually found in rocky and rapidly drained shallow soils. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

chaperone
<cell biology> Cytoplasmic proteins of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport. Chaperone proteins do not covalently bind to their targets and do not form part of the finished product. Heat-shock proteins are an important sub set of chaperones. Three major families …

chaperonin
<cell biology> Subset of chaperone proteins found in prokaryotes, mitochondria and plastids major example is prokaryotic GroEL (the eukaryotic equivalent of which is hsp60). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

chaperonin 10
Members of the chaperonin heat-shock protein family. Chaperonin 10 purified from bacteria, plastids, or mitochondria occurs as an oligomer of seven identical subunits arranged in a single ring. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chaperonin 60
Members of the chaperonin heat-shock protein family. Chaperonin 60 purified from bacteria, plastids, or mitochondria is an oligomeric protein with a distinctive structure of fourteen subunits, arranged in two rings of seven subunits each. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chaperonins
A class of sequence-related molecular chaperones found in bacteria, mitochondria, and plastids. Chaperonins are abundant constitutive proteins that increase in amount after stresses such as heat shock, bacterial infection of macrophages, and an increase in the cellular content of unfolded proteins. Bacterial chaperonins are major immunogens in huma …

chaplaincy service, hospital
Hospital department which administers religious activities within the hospital, e.g., pastoral care, religious services. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

chappa
A disease marked by subcutaneous nodules, the size of a pigeon's egg, which break down, release a fatty looking material, and form ulcers; the eruption is preceded by severe muscular and articular pains. ... Origin: W. Af. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

chapped
Having or pertaining to skin, especially of the hands, that is dry, scaly, and fissured, owing to the action of cold or to the excess rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin surface. ... Origin: M.E. Chap, to chop, split ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

char
The remains of solid biomass that has been incompletely combusted, such as charcoal if wood is incompletely burned. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

Chara
Synonym for Characean algae ... <organism> Class of filamentous green algae exemplified by the genus Chara, in which the mitotic spindle is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Probably the closest relatives, among the algae, to higher plants. The giant internodal cells (up to 5cm long) exhibit dramatic cyclosis and have been much used for st …

Characean algae
<organism> Class of filamentous green algae exemplified by the genus Chara, in which the mitotic spindle is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Probably the closest relatives, among the algae, to higher plants. The giant internodal cells (up to 5cm long) exhibit dramatic cyclosis and have been much used for studies on ion transport and cyto …

character
In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

character analysis
Analysis of the defenses and personality traits that characterise an individual. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

character armor
A habitual pattern of organised defenses against anxiety. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

character disorder
A term referring to a group of behavioural disorder's, now replaced by a more general term, personality disorder, of which character disorder's are now a subclass. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

character neurosis
A subclass of personality disorders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

characteristic
Synonym: character. ... 2. Typical or distinctive of a particular disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

characteristic curve
Sensitometric curve of radiographic film, a plot of the film density versus the logarithm of the relative exposure. ... Synonym: H and D curve, Hunter and Driffield curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

characteristic emission
Synonym for characteristic radiation ... Monochromatic radiation that is produced when an electron is ejected from an atom and another takes its place by jumping from another shell; the energy of the photon is the difference between that of the two shell positions. ... Synonym: characteristic emission. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

characteristic radiation
Monochromatic radiation that is produced when an electron is ejected from an atom and another takes its place by jumping from another shell; the energy of the photon is the difference between that of the two shell positions. ... Synonym: characteristic emission. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

characteristic X-ray
<microscopy> An X-ray having a unique energy that is emitted by an atom in the sample during its de-energization after ionization of one of its electrons by an incident electron. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

characterization
The discernment, description, or attributing of distinguishing traits. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

characterizing group
A group of atoms in a molecule that distinguishes the class of substances in which it occurs from all other classes; thus carbonyl (CO) is the characterizing group of ketones; COOH, of organic acids, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

charas
A resin obtained from mature leaves of selected varieties of Cannabis sativa; used for smoking. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

charbon
Known also as anthrax, charbon is a serious bacterial infection. It is not primarily a human disease but rather an infection of animals. Cattle, sheep, horses, mules, and some wild animals are highly susceptible. Humans (and swine) are generally resistant to anthrax. Anthrax can take different forms. With the lung form of the disease. People inhale …

charcoal
<chemical> An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. ... Pharmacological action: antidotes. ... Chemical name: Charcoal ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Charcot-Bottcher crystalloids
Spindle-shaped crystalloid's 10 to 25 um long, found in human Sertoli cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm
Synonym for miliary aneurysm ... Dilatation in the diameter of small arteries and arterioles secondary to lipohyalinosis from long-standing hypertension associated with intracerebral haematomas. ... Synonym: Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charcot-Leyden crystals
Crystal's in the shape of elongated double pyramids, formed from eosinophils, found in the sputum in bronchial asthma and in other exudates or transudates containing eosinophils. ... Synonym: asthma crystals, Charcot-Neumann crystals, Charcot-Robin crystals, Leyden's crystals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

charcot-marie disease
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait and characterised by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (occasionally of the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decades. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
<disease> A slowly progressive genetic disorder which is the most common of the inherited peripheral neuropathies, and encompasses a family of disorders characterised by distal muscle weakness and diminished nerve conduction velocity, due to the destruction of nerves with degeneration of the myelin sheath. Features include muscle atrophy in t …

Charcot-Neumann crystals
Synonym for Charcot-Leyden crystals ... Crystal's in the shape of elongated double pyramids, formed from eosinophils, found in the sputum in bronchial asthma and in other exudates or transudates containing eosinophils. ... Synonym: asthma crystals, Charcot-Neumann crystals, Charcot-Robin crystals, Leyden's crystals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charcot-Robin crystals
Synonym for Charcot-Leyden crystals ... Crystal's in the shape of elongated double pyramids, formed from eosinophils, found in the sputum in bronchial asthma and in other exudates or transudates containing eosinophils. ... Synonym: asthma crystals, Charcot-Neumann crystals, Charcot-Robin crystals, Leyden's crystals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome
Synonym for carotid sinus syndrome ... <syndrome> Stimulation of a hyperactive carotid sinus, causing a marked fall in blood pressure due to vasodilation, cardiac slowing, or both; syncope with or without convulsions or A-V block may occur. ... Synonym: Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charcot, Jean
<person> French neurologist, 1825-1893. ... See: Charcot's arteries, Charcot's disease, Charcot's intermittent fever, Charcot's gait, Charcot's joint, Charcot's syndrome, Charcot's triad, Charcot's vertigo, Charcot-Leyden crystals, Charcot-Neumann crystals, Charcot-Robin crystals, Charcot-Bottcher crystalloids, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Cha …

Charcot's arteries
Synonym for lenticulostriate arteries ... Any one of a variety of small artery's entering the base of the brain through the anterior perforated substance and supplying the striatum, globus pallidus, and internal capsule; most of these perforating arteries are branches of the M1 segment (clinical terminology) of the middle cerebral and and (rarely) o …

Charcot's disease
Synonym for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ... A serious neurologic disease that results from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

charcot's foot
A foot disease associated with diabetic neuropathy that results in destruction of joints and soft tissue. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Charcot's gait
The gait of hereditary ataxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charcot's intermittent fever
Fever, chills, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associated with intermittently obstructing common duct stones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

charcot's joint
A joint that is deprived of any pain or position sense due to severe osteoarthritis. May also occur as the result of tabes dorsalis, diabetic neuropathy, amyloidosis or leprosy. Often treated with surgical fusion. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Charcot's syndrome
Synonym for intermittent claudication ... <symptom> A symptom complex characterised by leg pain and weakness brought on by walking, with the disappearance of the symptoms following a brief rest. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Charcot's triad
In multiple (disseminated) sclerosis, the three symptoms: nystagmus, tremor, and scanning speech, combination of jaundice, fever, and upper abdominal pain that occurs as a result of cholangitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charcot's vertigo
Synonym for tussive syncope ... Fainting as a result of a coughing spell, caused by persistent increased intrathoracic pressure diminishing venous return to the heart, thus lowering cardiac output; most often occurs in heavy-set male smokers who have chronic bronchitis. ... Synonym: Charcot's vertigo, laryngeal vertigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chargaff, Erwin
<person> Austrian-U.S. Biochemist, *1905. ... See: Chargaff's rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Chargaff's rule
In DNA the number of adenine units equals the number of thymine units; likewise, the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

charge
1. <physics> A fundamental physical attribute of a particle, which characterises the particle's electromagnetic interaction with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields. ... 2. Storing energy in a battery or electric capacitor by running a current through it, opposite of discharge. (It is possible to charge most capacitors in eit …

charge exchange
<radiobiology> Phenomenon in which an ion colliding with a molecule (or an atom) neutralises itself by capturing an electron from the molecule or atom, and transforming the molecule or atom into a positive radical or ion. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

charge nurse
A nurse administratively responsible for a designated hospital unit on an 8 hour basis. ... Synonym: head nurse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

charge transfer
Synonym for charge transfer complex ... A complex between two organic molecules in which an electron from one (the donor) is transferred to the other (the acceptor), becoming generally distributed throughout the latter; subsequent transfer of a hydrogen atom completes the reduction of the acceptor; such complex's are generally highly coloured and ma …

charge transfer complex
A complex between two organic molecules in which an electron from one (the donor) is transferred to the other (the acceptor), becoming generally distributed throughout the latter; subsequent transfer of a hydrogen atom completes the reduction of the acceptor; such complex's are generally highly coloured and may be so observed, a network of hydrogen …

charge transfer system
Synonym for charge transfer complex ... A complex between two organic molecules in which an electron from one (the donor) is transferred to the other (the acceptor), becoming generally distributed throughout the latter; subsequent transfer of a hydrogen atom completes the reduction of the acceptor; such complex's are generally highly coloured and ma …

charged particle
<radiobiology> A particle which carries a positive or negative electrical charge. In plasma physics, this typically means an ionised atom or molecule, or an electron. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

charities
Social welfare organizations with programs designed to assist individuals in times of need. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

charlatan
A medical fraud claiming to cure disease by useless procedures, secret remedies, and worthless diagnostic and therapeutic machines. ... Synonym: quack. ... Origin: Fr., fr. It. Ciarlare, to prattle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

charlatanism
A fraudulent claim to medical knowledge; treating the sick without knowledge of medicine or authority to practice medicine. ... Synonym: quackery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charles law
All gases expand equally on heating, namely, 1/273.16 of their volume at 0°C for every degree Celsius. ... Synonym: Gay-Lussac's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charles, Jacques
<person> French physicist, 1746-1823. ... See: Charles law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charles's law
<physics> The statement that the volume of a sample of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas (at constant pressure). ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

charley horse
Localised pain or muscle stiffness following a contusion of a muscle. ... Origin: slang ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charlouis
M., 19th century Dutch army surgeon in Java. ... See: Charlouis' disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Charlouis' disease
Synonym for yaws ... <medicine> A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterised by yellowish or reddish tumours, of a contagious character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease, variously known as framboesia, pian, verrugas, and crab …

Charlton
Willy, German physician, *1889. ... See: Schultz-Charlton phenomenon, Schultz-Charlton reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...